This study was designed to find out effect of random construction on morphological and chemical composition characteristics of Juniperus and Pistacia. Both species of the plant were collected from two different areas in AL-Gabal AL-Akhder. First area was exposed to pollution from random construction that causing dust-contaminated cement to the plants, while the second area was not contaminated. The plants which are affected by building materials and grazing have smaller wrinkled yellow to grey leaves, while the fruits look smaller in size compared to same species from clean area. Our results shown that the both species of plants (Juniperus phoenicea and Pistacia lentiscus) were get difference in amount of mineral and the phenolic contents. The levels K and Cu were significantly decreased in J. phoenicea 1 (from polluted area) compared to J. phoenicea 2 (from clean area), while the level of Ca significantly increased. Rest levels of minerals were found similar in J. phoenicea 1 and J. phoenicea 2. In another species level of Na, Fe and Ni were decreased significantly in polluted species (P. lentiscus 1) compared to clean species (P.lentiscus 2), while the levels of K and Ca was significantly increased in P. lentiscus 1 which collected from polluted area. Levels of alkaloids, coumarins, essential oil, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, saponins, sterols (triterpens) and tannins were found have similar pattern when compared J. phoenicea 1 with P. lentiscus 1 and J. phoenicea 2 with P. lentiscus 2. These results from Juniperus and Pistacia species might reflected the deteriorate effects of construction dust air pollutants, both species recommend their using as bio indicators as well as folk medicine.

Roy’ adaptation model helps to adapt healthy behaviors in diseases which are impossible to cure. According to this model, care should be aimed in enhancing adaptive capabilities and increasing the coping response of individuals to deal with stressor. Roy’s adaptation model is widely used due to its simplicity and accessibility for improving quality of life. Roy ‘adaptation model is important to promote individuals’ adaptation in changing health care demands, thus improving adjustment, quality of life and dying with dignity Roy’ adaptation model based care plan is a non-invasive non medicated and cost efficient way to limit physical and psychological issues of patients with chronic diseases. Purpose of this paper is to evaluate different articles which used Roy adaptation model for care of chronic illnesses. Nine different studies are included in this paper to evaluate the efficacy of Roy adaptation model.

The present study seeks to examine the impact of customer relationship management (CRM) and organizational learning capabilities (OLC) on the financial performance of the company that produces products of Cinere plant origin. To measure organizational learning capabilities and measure customer relationship management used of the standard questionnaires formats. The research questionnaire was distributed among 90 individuals of the statistical community that was all the directors and employees of Cinere Company and were randomly studied. The research method was descriptive correlational. In order to answer the questions and investigate the research hypotheses with smart-PLS terminals, the method of studying structural equations and path analysis using partial least squares method (PLS) was used. The results showed that organizational learning capabilities and its dimensions have a positive and significant effect on customer relationship management and company financial performance. On the other hand, the research results do not confirm the significant effect of customer relationship management and its dimensions on financial performance of the company.

Objective: The study aimed to establish the most common non – nursing tasks performed by nurses and its impact on the delivery of nursing care in Al Dakhliyah Governorate Oman in select government hospitals. Methods: This study is cross-sectional involving 173 nurses from June to July 2018 through stratified random sampling. The questionnaire was based on different literature specifically the RN FORECAST questionnaire utilized in European studies. The results were analyzed through the use of SPSS version 21 through means and frequency distribution. Results: Out of n=173 respondents, 164 answered the questionnaire with a response rate of 94.74%. The top five most common non-nursing tasks are answering phones and clerical (3.38 times per person), filling of items such as syringe, incontinent sheet, gauze and cotton (3.36 times), cleaning of medical equipment (3.20 times), bringing sample to the laboratory (2.96 times) and transporting of patients within the hospital (2.76 times). On the other hand, the top missed care include oral hygiene (60%) & nurse-patient interaction (60%), physical assessment (59.21%), frequent changing of position (58.87%) and proper documentation (56.68%). Conclusion: The nurses working in the government institutions in Al Dakhliyah governorate performs numerous non-nursing tasks which affect the delivery of patient care. As a recommendation, a clerk should be included as non-healthcare personnel responsible for many non-nursing tasks. To offer an assistant for nurses, a nursing aid is also recommended as a member of the healthcare team. Additionally, the medical orderly should also be oriented and updated on their job descriptions.

The production of bananas and plantains is currently practiced on a large scale due to the high demand on the market, as a result of the strong demographic pressure in large cities. There is currently a lot of research being done on the use of symbiotic systems associating plant species with mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizae give host plants the ability to develop in mineral-poor soils. As mycorrhizae are not well known in our environments and few studies have been carried out on their biodiversity, macroscopic and microscopic counts and characterizations, this study seeks to identify and characterize these mycorrhizal strains in symbiosis with the plantains of the Simi-simi experimental site at the University of Kisangani and then inoculate them with vitro plants from the plantains of two cultivars from in vitro culture. The root staining technique after four months of cultivation detected mycorrhizae in the roots of these two plantain cultivars. The results of this study revealed that the overall degree of mycorrhization is 80% on the total observed roots and phenotypic characterization has grouped the spores into four genera which are: Glomus, Acaulospora, Scutellospora, Gigaspora and a group of uncharacterized spores.

Stress is a condition which disturbs physiological and psychological homeostasis mechanism. Depression is a severe psychiatric disorder. Biogenic amine theory of depression illustrate that the low level of brain 5 hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT) and catecholamine leads to depressive symptoms. Immunological challenges can alter the tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, it is clinical indication of depression but stress also shift TRP metabolism. Fluoxetine is more effective anxiolytic drug as compared to others antidepressants. The aim of the current investigation is to examine the effects of fluoxetine administration on tryptophan metabolism and disposition in forced swimming test (FST) in rats. Albino Wistar rats were separated into three groups. Each group had 5 rats. Control animals received vehicle (DMF:Saline, 1:3 v/v) while test group treated with vehicle or fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) (i.p) 3.5 hr prior to FST . Present study shows that holo, total enzyme activity was inhibited when rats subjected to FST and serum total TRP concentration was decreased while liver, brain TRP, 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels were increased in vehicle treated FST rats. Pretreatment with fluoxetine did not reduce immobility however it inhibited holo, total and apo enzyme activity. Pretreatment of fluoxetine also decreased serum total TRP and brain 5HT concentration while increased liver TRP, brain TRP, and 5-HIAA in FST rats when compared with their respective controls. Acute treatment with fluoxetine did not reduced immobility but it decrease brain 5-HT concentration by converting into 5-HIAA in FST rats which shows anxiolytic effect of fluoxetine.

The leaves of Pseudocedrela. kotschyi are used in herbal medicine in Sub-Saharan Africa without safety concerns. Determination of its safety profile will provide supportive scientific evidence in favour of its continuous usage. To evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity activity of the ethanol extract of Pseudocedrela. Kotschyi leaves. Sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of the extract was determined by administering 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg on Wistar rats for 40 days with distilled water as control. The haematological and biochemical parameter as well as the relative organ weights were examined. In the 40 days sub-chronic oral toxicity study, administration of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of P. kotschyi leaf extract per body weight showed significant (p<0.05) body weight change, significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) changes in some haematological and biochemical parameters and organ weights compared to the control group. Analyses of these results could lead to the conclusion that the oral administration of P. kotscyi leaf extract for 40 days does not cause sub-chronic toxicity in rats

The ‘Nuun’ of the 1st person or majestic ‘nuun’ is one of the letters signifying the present tense. It is used by the speaker whenever he intends to attach the verb to himself for self veneration or for the 1st person plural (we) masculine or feminine or a mixture of both, or when he wants to indicate his own greatness or self esteem [1]. The seven authorities in Qur’anic recitation have used it in various places in the Glorious Quran. They differ in its application. Some of them use it, but others use other letters of the present tense in their recitations. This article aims at exploring the secret of their differences and reviewing the linguistic phenomenon itself. The article consists of an introduction and case study of some areas where the authorities recited differently.

The application of geostatistics to data obtained from mineral prospecting can provide useful information for evaluating mineralization potential. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the spatial distribution of elements, establish relationships and understand chemical associations during mineral paragenesis in the studied area of Kaiama, Northcentral Nigeria. Major Oxide and Trace element analysis were carried out on 17 samples collected from three geologic media which are stream sediments, soils, and veins. The Geochemical results were subjected to multivariate statistical treatments in the form of correlation matrix (CM), Factor analysis (PCA), along with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in order to classify the elements into groups that may signify common origin. All multivariate statistical tests were performed using SPSS (PASW Statistics 18) for Windows. The trace element geochemical composition shows significant anomalous concentration of Sn, W, Ta, Ti, and Fe. Au, Cu shows moderate to very high correlation. Areas of significant anomalous concentration were in the 2-4 km eastern outskirt of Kaiama and as well as 6-10 km south of Kaiama. Sn-W were more to the eastern outskirt while Sn-Ta were more in the southern part of Kaiama. All other trace elements V, Ni, Sr, Sb, Cd etc. shows low concentration with each other and are not significant in the mineralization of Kaiama. Further exploration work should be concentrated on soils and stream sediments towards delineating the possible ore deposit in the area of Kaiama and environs.

This paper is an overview of the discourse strategies involved in buyer-seller conversational exchanges. Discourse is truly human interaction, whether written or spoken. An analysis of discourse can simply be viewed as a conversational analysis. Contemporary use of the term discourse analysis covers several activities and disciplines which provide insights for the discourse analyst in the interpretation of language-use in a wide range of discourses or genres, including seller-buyer discourse. This study hinges on both the Pragma-crafting Theory and Bach and Harnish’s speech act theory for the analyses of data. The analyses reveal that in using language to communicate in different contexts and situations in buyer-seller conversation, the interactants (the sellers and the buyers) demonstrate the various functions that language performs therein: to bargain, to persuade, to greet, to explain, to undertake, to confirm, to affirm, among others.

Background: Enrollment into Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) in Saudi Arabia is low generally. Aim: To evaluate the reasons guiding the choice of OMFS as a specialty by final year dental students and interns. Methodology: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey among final year students and interns across major Dental Colleges in Saudi Arabia. Respondents were asked to provide information regarding demographics, level of training, interest in specialty training, intended areas of specialization and factors influencing choice of OMFS or not. Results: In total, 210 questionnaires were returned. Out of these, 139 (66%) were final year students and 71(34%) interns; 112 (53%) were men and 98 (47%) were women; and most of them 189 (90%) were in 21–25 years age range. Overall, 209 (99.5%) were interested in specialty training. Knowledge of the scope of OMFS ranged from 73%-90% and 50% were interested in OMFS. Main motivation for interest was “desire to be a surgeon” (n=71, 34%). “Preference for other specialties” was the reason for lack of interest in OMFS (41%) and another 32% said that “long hours of surgeries and night calls” was their reason. Conclusions: Interest in postgraduate training was very high. The respondents demonstrated a good knowledge of OMFS and interest in the specialty also. Desire to be surgeon was the main motivating factor whereas preference for other specialties and the demands of OMFS in terms of the long hours in OR and night calls were reasons for lack of interest in the specialty.

Background: Caffeine is a stimulant found in tea, coffee, cola, chocolate and some over-the-counter medicines. Clearance of caffeine from the mother’s blood slows down during pregnancy. Some authors of observational studies have concluded that caffeine intake is harmful to the fetus, causing growth restriction, reduced birth weight, preterm birth or still birth. The newborn could also have withdrawal symptoms if the mother has a high intake of caffeine (more than eight cups of coffee per day). Drinking three cups of coffee a day in early pregnancy had no effect on birth weight, preterm births or growth restriction. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of restricting caffeine by mothers on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes. Subjects and methods: Research Design: A quasi experimental design was used in conducting this study. Sample: A purposive sample composed of 200 pregnant women. The study sample was divided randomly into 2 groups (the control and study group). Tools: Two tools were used for data collection which named; interviewing questionnaire and fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes tool. Main Results: the current study revealed a relation between caffeine intake and gestational anemia, occurrence of cesarean deliveries, abnormal placental weight, neonatal low birth weight, neonatal apnea and neonatal caffeine withdrawal syndrome. Conclusion: Research hypotheses 1 is rejected while 2 and 3 are accepted. Recommendations: Preconception counseling for women about correcting the unhealthy habits including caffeine consumption. Women with previous neonatal complications must consider eliminating caffeine.

Objectives: Student’s absenteeism is a continuous problem in medical education despite mandatory attendance policies introduced by universities. Medical education demands high attendance for good understanding and grasps over the subject. The objective of present study is to assess the strength of association between class attendance percentage and marks obtained in internal examination of Anatomy subject. Methods: Retrospective observational studies of first MBBS students who have passed Anatomy examination in 2017 and 2018 (150 students in each batch) were included and their attendance as well as marks of internal examination of both theory and practical were retrieved and correlated. Statistical analysis was carried out to find the strength of association between attendance and internal marks. Results: The findings in present study suggest a positive improvement in mean marks obtained in both theory and practical exam as percentage of attendance increases. Conclusion: The findings of present study support the evidence that there is a significant correlation between attendance percentages their academic performance in theory and practical.

The study examined the impact of financial sector reforms on farmer’s access to agricultural loan in Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; compare the volume of loan accessed by the different agricultural subsectors in the different reform era, estimate the determinants of farmers access to agricultural loan, and determine the effect of the different financial sector reform overtime on farmers’ access to loan. Data for the study were obtained from CBN Statistical bulletin, CBN annual report, federal budget allocation report, annual reports and used for the study. Data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there was a significant difference in volume of loan accessed by the agricultural subsector. Results of the determinants of farmers’ access to agricultural loan revealed that, savings mobilized by financial institution, government budget allocation to agriculture and credits to private sector were the significant determinants of farmer’s access to agricultural loan. The study also revealed that financial sector regime era had a significant effect on farmers’ access to loan.

In aiming to provide an economical supply of potable water for the inhabitant of University of Ilorin and its environs, 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomographic development was adopted. A 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomographic Techniques involves the application of gridded Wenner electrode arrangement in determining the variation of subsurface resistivity distribution. The surveying were carried out on field by employing 7 profiles containing 22 layouts all together with a constant surveying lengths of 150 m. The data obtained on field were inverted to obtain a pseudo-section where clearer models of the depth and apparent formation resistivity can be viewed at the same time using EarthImager Software. Three geo-electric layers were delineated which are Top soil, weathered/fractured Basement and fresh Basement. Out of the 7 profiles obtained the fresh Basement rock was only seen at profile F-F’ having resistivity values ranging from 2000.1 to 10000 Ωm. The thickness of the weathered/fractured basement (aquifer) is generally greater than 22.0 m and with a low resistivity values which are less than 30 Ωm at some zones. In conclusion, this study shows some levels of confidence that the groundwater potential within Unilorin substratum is of economic volume that is capable to sustain Unilorin and its environs.