Introduction: Polyherbal extracts contain various bioactive compounds that work synergistically to provide stronger therapeutic effects than single extracts. However, their use in the pharmaceutical field still faces challenges, especially related to low solubility, instability, and limited bioavailability. Microparticulate system technology presents an innovative solution that can increase the effectiveness of herbal drug delivery through physical protection of active compounds, controlled release, and increased absorption in the body. Objective: This review discusses research progress that integrates polyherbal extracts in microparticulate formulations, including polymer selection, manufacturing techniques, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted through searches in the last ten years [2015–2025] obtained through databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords related to "polyherbal" and "microencapsulation" with a focus on articles on formulation studies and pharmacological evaluations in the last ten years. Results: The study showed that microparticulates were able to improve the entrapment efficiency, phytochemical stability, and therapeutic activity of polyherbal extracts, especially in oral and transdermal routes of administration. However several limitations such as the variability of natural product composition, potential interactions between compounds, and regulatory challenges still require further attention. The development of more advanced formulation technology as well as standardized toxicological and clinical studies are urgently needed to encourage the implementation of microparticulate herbal products on an industrial scale. Conclusion: Overall, polyherbal microparticulate systems have promising prospects as a safe, effective, and competitive strategy for modernizing herbal medicines.

Selective abortion following a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome presents complex ethical and religious challenges, particularly within the context of Qatar. Advances in prenatal screening enable early detection of chromosomal conditions, prompting debates grounded in the principles of autonomy and non-maleficence. While autonomy emphasizes the pregnant individual’s right to make informed reproductive choices, it does not provide sufficient moral justification for terminating a fetus granted moral personhood. Arguments based on anticipated familial burden or altered expectations fail to demonstrate that lives affected by Down syndrome lack value. From the perspective of non-maleficence, abortion constitutes significant harm by depriving the fetus of a “future like ours,” and claims of psychological harm rely on speculative judgments shaped by societal discrimination rather than intrinsic suffering. Islamic bioethics and Qatari law further restrict abortion, permitting it only under specific conditions, such as severe fetal anomalies before ensoulment or maternal health risks. These frameworks affirm the sanctity of life and reject disability-based termination. Ultimately, ethical responses should prioritize inclusion, reduce stigma, and strengthen support systems for families, aligning medical practice with principles of justice and the equal dignity of all human lives.

Background: Albuminuria and poor glycemic control drive kidney and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin lowers glucose and reduces albuminuria through renal mechanisms. Evidence from trials is strong, yet data from routine care in Dubai are limited. Objective: To evaluate changes in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and HbA1c over 24 months after dapagliflozin initiation in Dubai primary care. Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal study using the Salama electronic record across Dubai Health Authority clinics. Adults with type 2 diabetes who started dapagliflozin contributed measurements at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome was change in UACR. Secondary outcome was change in HbA1c. Paired comparisons used baseline vs each follow-up. Longitudinal trends used repeated measures analyses. Prespecified subgroups assessed UACR by age group and HbA1c by sex, age and metformin use. Results: Two hundred adults were included. Mean age was 61 years, range 21 to 87 years. UACR fell from 123 mg/g at baseline to 52 mg/g at 24 months, a 57.7% reduction, p<0.001. The decline appeared by 3 months and progressed at each visit. The 24-month UACR was 52 mg/g with 95% CI 50 to 54. HbA1c decreased from 8.2% to 6.8% at 24 months, p<0.001, with 24-month HbA1c 95% CI 6.7 to 6.9. By age subgroup, UACR reduction at 12 months ranged from 25% in patients 40–50 years to 50% in those 70–80 years and at 24 months ranged from 35% to 70%. HbA1c improved across subgroups. Larger absolute HbA1c drops were seen in younger patients and in those treated with metformin at baseline. HbA1c patterns by sex were similar. Conclusion: In Dubai primary care, dapagliflozin was associated with large and sustained reductions in albuminuria and a meaningful fall in HbA1c over 24 months. Early change at 3 months and continued improvement through 2 years support routine monitoring at these intervals. These results suggest that expected renal and glycemic benefits can be achieved in day-to-day care across diverse patients.

Background: Nurses’ job satisfaction is a very important issue that determines the stability of the workforce, quality of treatment provided, and performance of a given organization. The level of demand in hospitals, staffing issues, and dependence on expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia, especially in the Eastern Region, are growing, which is why the level of job satisfaction is crucial to assess. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of job satisfaction among nurses at major hospitals in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia and further determine institutional, job, and family related factors that affect job satisfaction based on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was used. A total of 390 registered nurses from four large hospitals were used as the data source using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The measures were institutional characteristics, job characteristics, family support, job satisfaction, absenteeism, and intention to leave. They were done using Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were used. Results: The results showed moderate to high levels of overall job satisfaction among nurses. Job characteristics were found to be the best predictor of job satisfaction (b = 0.48, p < 0.001), followed by institutional characteristics (b = 0.34, p < 0.001) and family support (b = 0.16, p = 0.001). Major differences in job satisfaction were found in terms of age, experience, and clinical department. Conclusion: The Two-Factor Theory of Herzberg is in line with the findings that indicate that intrinsic job-related factors are the most determining factors in the job satisfaction of nurses in major hospitals in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Nurse satisfaction, retention, and quality of healthcare services can be enhanced through improvements in recognition, professional growth, and working environments.

Congenital hypothyroidism is the first endocrinopathy found in newborns. it is a pathology subject to systematic screening in most countries around the world. Pendrid syndrome is a genetic cause of HC with thyroid gland in situ. It is a genetic condition in “SLC26A4 gene” (OMIM 605646) encoding Pendrin protein, and resulting in neurosensory deafness with congenital hypothyroidism and goiter. The presence of the 2 major symptoms; deafness and CH, consolidates the diagnosis while genetic sequencing is an element of confirmation. We report the observation of an infant who is a candidate for cochlear implant surgery and who was referred to us for hypothyroidism, in whom there is a history of severe pneumonia on bronchiectasis, which is a manifestation directly related to pendrid syndrome. An adequate thyroid biological and morphological evaluation, as well as screening for other malformations that may be associated with pendrid syndrome are extremely important in a holistic management of this genetic disease. To also recall the vital role that systematic screening for HC can play in preventing neurological disability among children, a procedure that is still not systematic in our country and that we fight to implement it.

Cancer therapy continues to face major challenges due to nonspecific drug distribution, systemic toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Repurposing established drugs in combination with bioactive natural compounds and delivering them through nanocarriers represents a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. The present study focuses on the formulation, characterization, and combined efficacy evaluation of metformin hydrochloride and quinic acid–loaded niosomes for enhanced anticancer activity. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, exhibits anticancer effects through AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, and metabolic reprogramming, while quinic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic properties. Co-encapsulation of these agents in niosomal nanocarriers was undertaken to improve bioavailability, ensure synchronized delivery, and achieve synergistic therapeutic effects. The niosomes were prepared using suitable non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug content, and in-vitro drug release. Morphological analysis confirmed the formation of uniformly distributed nanosized vesicles. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that the co-loaded niosomes exhibited significantly enhanced anticancer activity compared to individual drugs and their free combination, indicating synergistic efficacy. Overall, the findings suggest that metformin and quinic acid co-loaded niosomes offer a promising, cost-effective, and multi-targeted nanotherapeutic approach for cancer management with potential for further translational development.

Auricular perichondritis is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of ear piercing, particularly when the cartilaginous part of the auricle is involved. It is most often caused by bacterial infection, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the predominant pathogen, and may lead to cartilage necrosis and permanent deformity if not promptly treated. We report the case of a patient who developed auricular perichondritis following ear piercing, presenting with painful swelling, erythema, and tenderness of the pinna while sparing the lobule. Clinical diagnosis was supported by physical examination, and management consisted of early systemic antibiotic therapy combined with local care, leading to a favorable outcome. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of auricular perichondritis, appropriate antimicrobial treatment, and awareness of piercing-related risks to prevent functional and cosmetic sequelae.

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Senegal and, despite effective treatment, it frequently leaves respiratory sequelae that cause chronic morbidity. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae. Methodology: Retrospective and descriptive study including patients with post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae followed at the Saint-Jean de-Dieu Hospital in Thiès (Senegal). Results: Over a period of 63 months, we identified 133 cases of post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae. There was a male predominance (67%) with a sex ratio of 2 and an average age of 51 years. In 83% of cases, a single episode of tuberculosis was sufficient to cause respiratory sequelae. Radiological abnormalities were mainly located in the lung parenchyma (61%) and were bilateral in 86% of cases. The main types of abnormalities were fibrous condensation blocks (15.03%), followed by emphysema (14.2%), pulmonary calcifications (13.53%) and fibrosis (9.02%). The complications found mainly included aspergillosis graft (32%) and chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPC) (32%). Conclusion: Post tuberculosis pulmonary sequelae remain common in vulnerable patients, with persistent symptoms and varied lesions. The lack of targeted functional assessment calls for more comprehensive prospective studies.

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in the structures of work, education, and everyday life, questions of ethics and digital wellbeing have grown urgent. Algorithmic bias, surveillance practices, and digital addiction pose profound risks to equity, autonomy, and human flourishing in the AI age. While technical and regulatory frameworks have attempted to mitigate these challenges, they often overlook the embodied, affective, and participatory dimensions of public engagement with AI ethics. This paper proposes participatory theatre as a powerful methodological and pedagogical tool for critically interrogating and reimagining human–AI relations. Drawing on traditions of applied theatre and Theatre for Development, the study demonstrates how performance-based interventions can democratise dialogue, foreground marginalised voices, and cultivate ethical reflexivity among diverse stakeholders. By staging scenarios of algorithmic discrimination, surveillance in learning and workplace contexts, and compulsive digital behaviours, participatory theatre creates a safe yet critical space for collective inquiry and ethical imagination. The paper argues that integrating such performative practices into discussions of AI governance and digital wellbeing not only enhances public literacy but also strengthens inclusive policymaking and educational strategies. Ultimately, this approach situates participatory theatre as both an artistic practice and a socio-ethical instrument for shaping the future of work, education, and wellbeing in an AI-mediated world.

The target of this investigation is focused on entrepreneurship teaching as a tool for dropping joblessness and promoting sustainable development in Nigeria. It is specifically to examine the extent entrepreneurship education programs are being integrated into the curricula, ascertain if entrepreneurship significantly serves as tool through which joblessness can drop in Nigeria, investigate how entrepreneurship education enhances employability of graduates, explore factors that affects implementation and outcomes of entrepreneurship education programs, and identify best practices and strategies for enhancing entrepreneurship education in Nigeria. Human Capital Entrepreneurship Theory by Becker (1975) was used for the study. Survey descriptive design was adopted, with Taro Yamane sampling method; we got four-hundred (400) participants. Self-structured questionnaire was issued to the respondent of which same four-hundred (400) responses were retrieved and validated for the study. The study made use of descriptive analysis and inferential statistics where data from field survey was analyzed using simple percentage, mean and standard deviation presented in frequencies and tables. Findings of the study concluded that entrepreneurship education is a powerful tool for addressing the persistent challenge of unemployment in Nigeria. This investigation reveals the crucial function of entrepreneurship education in equipping individuals, particularly the youth, with the important skills, knowledge, and mindset to become self-reliant and create job opportunities, rather than relying on the limited employment options available in the formal sector. The findings reveal that a well-structured entrepreneurship curriculum can foster creativity, innovation, and problem-solving abilities, all of which are essential for thriving in today's competitive economic environment. Therefore, the study recommends that Nigerian tertiary institutions should incorporate more practical entrepreneurship courses in their curricula. These courses should focus on hands-on experience in business creation, management, and innovation to equip students with the skills necessary to start and sustain successful businesses after graduation. Thus, the Nigerian government should provide increased financial support for entrepreneurship education initiatives. This includes offering grants, scholarships, and funding to institutions that implement entrepreneurship programs, as well as setting up incubation centres where students can receive mentorship and resources to turn their ideas into businesses.

The overdependence on chemical fertilizers in conventional agriculture has led to severe ecological degradation, soil fertility loss and health concerns, prompting the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. This study investigates the biofertilizer potential of two aquatic macrophytes Azolla microphylla Kaulf. and Lemna minor L. on the growth, physiology and yield of Solanum lycopersicum L., under field conditions using Randomized Block Design (RBD). For these six treatments were tested such as control, Azolla, Lemna, combination of Azolla & Lemna, cow dung and NPK fertilizer, with three replications each. The growth parameters like plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area index and reproductive parameters like flowers and fruit count along with physiological parameters, chlorophyll (a, b, total) and carotenoid content were systematically recorded. The combined application of Azolla and Lemna significantly enhanced all measured parameters compared to both the control and NPK treated plots except for carotenoid content which show high value in Lemna only treatment than control and NPK plots. Notably 120.61% increase in plant height, 6463.63% increase in flower production and over 11-fold increase in fruit yield compared to control. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed the statistical relevance (p < 0.001) of these effects. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids also showed significant enhancement. This study is novel in demonstrating the synergistic effect of Azolla and Lemna as biofertilizers, surpassing individual and chemical treatments. The dual application offers a low-cost, eco-friendly alternative that enhances crop yield, supports soil health, and promotes sustainable agriculture.

The Niger Delta region faces a complex security crisis rooted in decades of environmental degradation and the resultant resource-driven violence. Traditional state-centric approaches to peacebuilding have largely failed to address the core problem of ecological marginalization, which pushes large segments of the marginalized youth population into militancy and illicit economies as a response to profound grievance and environmental scarcity. This paper examines a critical, though underexplored, solution: the emergence and efficacy of youth-led eco-innovation and environmental entrepreneurship as proactive mechanisms for conflict de-escalation and peace advocacy. This study argues that youth-led initiatives, such as sustainable aquaculture, waste-to-wealth enterprises and bioremediation start-ups, disrupt the conflict cycle by achieving two strategic outcomes. First, they directly counteract the environmental scarcity stress multiplier by providing legitimate, high-value livelihoods, successfully neutralizing the economic desperation that fuels participation in oil bunkering and pipeline sabotage. Second, by creating tangible economic assets and demonstrating local capacity for ecological stewardship, these ventures transform young people from mere victims or perpetrators into legitimate stakeholders. This elevation provides a constructive platform for peace advocacy and formalized dialogue with international oil companies (IOCs) and environmental protection agencies (EPAs), strengthening non-violent conflict resolution pathways and rebuilding a critical measure of institutional trust. The paper concludes that sustained peace in the Niger Delta requires a fundamental shift in green security governance frameworks. Governments and development partners must transition from reactive amnesty programmes to proactive, large-scale investment in and integration of youth eco-innovation. Government can effectively address the root causes of grievance and establish a foundation for long-term human and environmental security when priority is given to ecological livelihoods.

Traditional Institutions (TIs) represent tribal societies, where council decisions were made based on consensus through custom. Some tribal societies have formal political institutions called Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) (PRIs were created by the 73rd Constitution Amendment Act (CAA) of 1992). PRIs are a typical form of decentralised local government in India, based on the democratic decentralisation process, whereas TIs are historically based on trial and custom, while the PRIs are responsible for the governance of social development (such as the provision of basic necessities) and the governance of administrative functions (e.g. maintaining the rule of law) in tribal societies and are governed by TIs and PRIs because the two systems reflect legal pluralism (i.e. the recognition of more than one legal framework) and institutional hybridity (i.e. combination of different governing institutions). In conclusion, good governance in terms of both fulfilment of citizens' basic needs and expansion of economic opportunities at the grassroots level in Arunachal Pradesh requires integration of both systems and cooperation between the plans and the processes used to establish governance and ensure both accountability to democracy and cultural identity and the establishment of indigenous practices.

Introduction: Clear aligners are an aesthetic alternative to fixed appliances, yet their predictability in arch expansion is still debated. This systematic review evaluates the efficiency of aligners in achieving planned expansion and identifies factors influencing outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect using a PICOS-based strategy. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using standardized tools (AMSTAR 2, NHLBI/NIH). Results: Nine studies were included in the final analysis, consisting of two systematic reviews and seven cohort studies. The review found that arch expansion predictability is highest in the premolar region (reaching up to 93.53%) but decreases progressively toward the posterior segments, with the lowest accuracy observed at the first molar level (approximately 55-68%). Expansion is primarily achieved through coronal tipping rather than true bodily translation. Conclusion: Aligners effectively manage mild crowding but often result in uncontrolled tipping. To improve predictability, clinicians should utilize overcorrection strategies and pre-program negative torque. Higher-quality randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized protocols.

Digital health portals increasingly depend on highly “popular” physicians to anchor user traffic and drive revenue. Existing work, however, (i) conflates popularity with a single behavioural cue (consultation count) and (ii) relies on linear or shallow machine-learning models. We introduce PopNet, a hybrid TabTransformer + GRU that fuses demographic, behavioural, visual-cue and temporal-momentum signals to predict a composite Popularity Index (PopIdx) built from four pillars: demand, monetary appreciation, social proof and visibility. Across a five-fold group-wise cross-validation on 19 200 physician-quarter snapshots, PopNet attains MAE ≈ 0.091, beating ElasticNet by >40 %. Nevertheless, modern tree ensembles still edge it out (LightGBM MAE ≈ 0.046). Integrated-Gradient explanations and a feature-family ablation reveal platform visibility (inv_rank) as the single most important driver of popularity, followed by raw patient demand and monetary gifts. Fairness audits show a modest 0.006 PopIdx MAE gap between genders; a simple inverse-propensity re-weighting halves this gap with <0.002 performance loss. The study provides actionable levers for platform managers and a reusable, bias-audited modelling pipeline for future research.