India is known for providing quality education to the world during the ancient times. The University of Nalanda was established in the 5th century AD by one of the Gupta emperors. The Chinese traveller Hieun Tsang had studied and wrote about the education system prevailing at that time in the university. The British Government made education a transferred subject in the constitutional Reforms in 1919. From then onwards education including university education became the responsibility of the States. Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become an important, valuable and critical resource for the university. ICT usage has become very common but its full potential is yet to be discovered. It is a helpful tool for creating good governance in the working of any organization. Recognizing the important fact that ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is a major vehicle for process change and an effective tool to transfer the entire governance, the policy makers are stressing hard for adoption of new technology. The interactive nature of ICT and its ability can help the citizen without wasting much time and money. With the introduction of Information Technology Act, 2000, transactions on the internet have got legal validity in India.

Medication therapy to Chronic Kidney Disease patients is complex because of the co morbidities and the major risk associated with these patients. A prospective, cross sectional study was conducted for a period of 6 months in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 130 patients, aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with all stages of Chronic Kidney Disease were included in the study. Patient data were collected from the patient medical records, the prescriptions were analyzed and the drug related problems were identified and classified according to Hepler and Strand. Descriptive analysis was done for age, gender, stages, drugs and Drug Related Problems. A total of 1454 drugs were prescribed for the patients with an average of 13.3±3.53 drugs per prescription. An average of 1.25±1.23 Drug Related Problems per prescription were observed among the study population. The most common Drug Related Problems identified was Adverse Drug Reactions (11.53%) and Drug combinations to use with caution and need close monitoring (11.53%), followed by over dose 9.23%. Other Drug Related Problems identified were untreated indication 7.69%, Drug without indication 3.08%, improper drug selection 1.53%, Treatment duplicity 0.76%, and potential Drug interactions 80.00%.Continual identification and resolution of Drug Related Problems in Chronic Kidney Disease could play a vital role in achieving better clinical outcomes.

Background: Amniotic fluid is a clear, slightly yellowish liquid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. It is contained in the amniotic sac. During pregnancy, it acts as a shock absorber, maintains even temperature, allows for growth and free movement of the fetus and prevents adhesion between fetal parts and amniotic sac. The aim was to study fetal and maternal out come in cases of low AFI and normal AFI. Methods: A hospital based Prospective comparative study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur from April 2017 to September 2018. Study conducted on 110 pregnant women at term (37-40 weeks) attending antenatal clinic. They were divided in to two groups. Group-A comprising 55 patients with AFI >5 cm and Group-B comprising 55 Patients with AFI less than 5 cm or equal to 5 cm. Results: In our study, Out of 55 oligohydramnios patients, 43.64%(24) were induced, 27.27% (15) were augmented & 29.09%(16) were left for spontaneous progression of labor & out of 55 normal AFI patients 58.18%(32) patients were induced, 29.09%(16) were augmented, 12.73%(7) were left for spontaneous progression of labor. Mean Apgar score at 1 & 5 minute of birth is comparatively low in oligohydramnios patient & nursery admission was more, but only short term neonatal morbidity was seen. No long term consequences were present in these babies. Conclusion: An AFI ≤5 cm detected at term that was at or after 37 completed weeks of gestation in a low risk pregnancy was an indicator of poor perinatal outcome. Oligohydramnios was being detected more frequently now-adays due to ready availability of ultrasonography these days.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of lymph node ratio in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 22 cases of total and subtotal gastrectomy received in the period of January 2015 to July 2018 in the department of pathology of a tertiary care hospital were assessed. The surgical data and the histopathological findings were assessed using definitive criteria. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and chi-square test was used to study the relation between the lymph nodes showing metastasis and the total number of lymph nodes harvested. The relation of LNR with the other clinicopathological parameters was studied. Results: A cut off value of 0.25 was taken and the cases were grouped into low grade and high grade LNR group. In this study we found that the LNR was associated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes, irrespective of the total number of lymph nodes dissected. Hence it could be used as a prognostic indicator even when less number of lymph nodes is retrieved. Conclusions: LNR could be considered as a valuable prognostic factor and could be used as an additional tool with the TNM staging system to assess prognosis in patients post-surgery. It is especially useful in cases where prescribed number of lymph nodes cannot be retrieved.

Background: Induction of labour is an intervention that artificially initiates uterine contractions leading to progressive dilatation and effacement of cervix and expulsion of fetus prior to spontaneous onset of labour. Methods: This study was carried out in Labour ward at Apollo BGS Hospitals, a tertiary health care centre in Kuvempunagar, Mysore. 50 patients with an indication for induction of labour was receive 0.5 mg intracervical dinoprostonegel and repeated for a maximum of 3 doses every 6 hours as needed. 50 patient with an indication for labour induction was receive with 20ml [20 microgm] oral misoprostol solution and repeated every 2 hourly until adequate uterine contractions occurred [3 contractions per 10 min lasting 30-40 second]. Results: The average number of cerviprime gel doses given per patient was 1.42 ± 0.6417, whereas the average number of oral misoprostol solution doses given per patient was 4.52±1.2162 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that both misoprostol and dinoprostone are useful and safe drugs for cervical ripening and labour induction when used at flexible doses and at intervals of 6 hours between doses in a low-risk population with unfavourable cervices. However, misoprostol offers the advantages of more rapid labour and less cost.

Background: Metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) is defined as the ratio of number of positive lymph nodes (LNs) or LNM to total nodes harvested (LNH). Recent studies have suggested that MLR is more accurate in predicting overall survival and recurrence‑free survival rate compared to the number of positive nodes alone. Materials and methods: Total 58 cases of primary organ malignancy were evaluated from June 2018 to June 2019 including Head and neck (HN), Breast, Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and Genitourinary tract (GUT) malignancy. Age, gender, LNH, LNM, MLR, tumor stage and tumor grade were accessed for each of the cases. Results: Out of total 58, there were 12, 33, 11 and 2 cases each of HN, Breast, GIT and GUT malignancy respectively. M:F ratio was 1:2.2. Maximum cases (39.6%) were seen in the age group of 35-45 years. 186 out of 530 LNs showed metastasis. Mean MLR for lymph node-positive cases were 0.3. Majority of HN malignancy cases (41.6%) were found in T1/T2 stage, breast malignancy cases (42.4%) in T2 stage, GIT malignancy cases (63.6%) in T3 stage, 50% of GUT malignancy cases in T3 and 50% were in T4 stage. Maximum well‑differentiated (10, 83.3%) cases belonged to HN, moderately (15, 45.4%) and poorly differentiated (18, 54.5%) to breast respectively. We found significant association of MLR with tumor stage and tumor grade. (p-value < 0.001) Conclusion: The routine inclusion of MLR in tumor reporting by pathologists may become a prognostic aid for clinicians along with TNM staging system.

Background: The aim was to compare platelet distribution width and red cell distribution width between pregnant women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and pregnant women without a history of pregnancy loss. Methods: This was a prospective study to the evaluation of 70 pregnant women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and 70 pregnant women without a history of pregnancy loss in the first trimester. Results: It was observed that the mean RDW-SD of cases is higher i.e. 48.94 + 5.78 than controls i.e. 42.87 + 4.49. The mean RDW-CV values of cases and controls. It was observed that the mean RDW-CV of cases is higher i.e. 16.90 + 1.86 than controls i.e. 14.93 + 1.02. It was observed that the mean PDW of cases is higher i.e. 16.07 + 1.45 than controls i.e. 12.89 + 1.00. Conclusions: An increased platelet distribution width and red cell distribution width with recurrent pregnancy loss.

The aim of this research paper is to know the challenges faced by formal and informal sectors in disposing e-waste in Nairobi County. It also tried to identify the e-waste management strategies applied by formal and informal sectors in the county. A total of 400 personals were selected; 250 from informal sector, 150 from formal sectors. Simple random method was used to select the participants included in the sample and stratified sampling method was used to select the sectors involved in e-waste management from which the sample was selected. Questionnaires, environmental observation checklist and Interview guide were designed to ask members of the two sectors, the management strategies they apply and the challenges they face in managing e-waste. It was found that most of the e-waste was not disposed; instead it was stored in warehouses and the percentage disposed it was mainly poorly disposed. Factors which contributed to poor disposal and accumulation of e-waste in warehouses included: Lack of procedures of disposing specific e-waste and lack of information on where to take the WEEE. Different challenges affecting e-waste management strategies were also realized and included: Financial constraints, Disease, Lack of handling procedures, limited number of official dumpsites, access and infrastructure and lack of environmental awareness.

Inclusive education is brought about by having all children of society to become students of the same schools. So, inclusive education means, “The act of ensuring that all children despite their differences, receive the opportunity of being part of the same classroom as other children of their age, and in the procedure get the opportunity of being showing to the curriculum to their optimal potential”. Every child is special for his/her parent. And, every child has a special need for love, acceptance and a feeling of belongingness. However it gives them a whole perspective with respect to dealing with diversity or challenge negative attitudes. The trends and challenges in India are elucidated in the present paper.

The study has examined the Influence of strategic planning in improving academics in public Diploma Teachers Colleges in Tanzania. The study used mixed research methods, under concurrent triangulation design. The purpose of using this design was to bring together the differing strengths and non-overlapping weaknesses of quantitative methods with those of qualitative methods. The sample sizes of 10 colleges out of 35 public teachers Colleges with 140 respondents out of the entire population were selected for the research. The study sample comprised 30 Department Leaders, 10 College Principals/Vice Principals and 100 tutors. The study used three sampling techniques which were simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and convenience sampling. Data were collected through interview guide, document analysis guide; observation and questionnaires and Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and presented using frequency, distribution tables, and percentages and inferentially using Pearson correlation. The qualitative data was summarized, coded and analyzed by the research questions. Pilot testing of the research instruments were conducted in one of the teachers' college where the targeted respondents were given a questionnaire and interview guide. The findings of the study revealed that, majority of colleges that had put a strategic plan in place and incorporate students' academic issues had made considerable value-added progress on their students' academic performance.

Healthy food production is the main priority of food technology and dairy products which plays an important role in the household food basket. Traditional dairy products take a large part in the market and sometimes are causing transmission of various diseases to humans, particularly in the cheese market. Siahmazgi cheese is a type of traditional cheese, produced from raw milk in the north of Iran, and is getting increasingly popular. In this research, physicochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics of five samples of bought traditional cheese and five samples of manufactured pasteurized cheese are studied on days 0, 30, and 60. The result of the physicochemical survey shows the solids content, pH, and fat contents of traditional and pasteurized cheese samples decreased over 60 days, but the difference was not always statistically significant. On the other hand, the protein and salt content of traditional and pasteurized cheeses significantly increased over 60 days (p<0.05). The protein and salt content were higher in traditional samples. The results also revealed that pasteurization eliminates pathogens from cheese whereas most of the traditional Siahmazgi cheeses were infected by Coliform, Escherichia coli, yeast-mold, and staphylococcus. There was not observed salmonella infection in any samples of traditional Siahmazgi cheeses. Sensory evaluation between pasteurized and traditional Siahmazgi cheese shows that only texture has significantly changed over 60 days and the other sensory features were the same.

Delegated legislation is one of the most debated practice in the domain of legal field. As it has various implications, experts all around the country have taken different stands on the issue. Even though it has gained the acceptability in our system, there have been contrary views about delegated legislation. For instance, one of the settled maxims in Constitutional law and Administrative law is “DELEGATA POTESTAS NON POTEST DELEGARE” which means one to whom power is delegated cannot himself further delegate that power. Where the sovereign power of the State has been vested to an authority, it must remain in the vested authority; and by it alone the laws should be made .The power to whose judgment, wisdom, and patriotism this high prerogative has been entrusted cannot relieve itself by dodging away with the responsibility of performing its functions and by choosing other agencies upon which the power could be devolved. The reason is found in the very existence of its own powers. This high prerogative has been entrusted to its own wisdom, judgment, and patriotism, and not to those of other persons, and it will act ultra vires if it undertakes to delegate the trust, instead of executing it. While such scenarios do raise the questions about the legality of delegating the power by higher legislative bodies to the lower ones, the fact remains that this has been an accepted norm and a general practice followed in all modern democratic countries. Hence it is imperative to make a critical analysis of the same so as to understand the associated norms and intricacies of Delegated Legislation.

General: Asteraceae are a plant family widely used in traditional medicine. Acanthospermum hispidum highlighted in this work is very rich in therapeutic molecules. Objective: This study consisted in highlighting the wealth of molecules of interest of Acanthospermum hispidum. Methodology: Phytochemical screening carried out through characterization tests to concern certain secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids. Chromatographic studies were used for the analysis of the various extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum. Results: The characterization tests showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenes, while the saponosides were found in the methanolic and aqueous fraction of the ethaolic extract of Acanthospermum hispidum. Chromatographic tests were found in the various extracts of the metabolites of interest such as flavonoids and terpene compounds. Conclusion: These results are probably a scientific source for the use of Acanthospermum hispidum as a medicinal plant. The high use of this plant could be explained for its wealth of secondary metabolites.

In this study corporate identity, communication and feedback were put into focus as corporate image indicators. The main research objective was to ascertain whether there is relationship between the above indicators and corporate image designing. Two service organizations based in Port Harcourt were purposively selected to form the study area. 40 employees were chosen from each of the two organizations using the systematic random sampling technique, giving a total sample size of 80. 3-point Likert-type scale was used in constructing the measuring instrument. The research questions were addressed using data collected from respondents. Data was presented using frequency distribution table and histogram. Qualitative statistical analysis was employed by means of simple percentages. Result shows that significant relationship exists between the three measured dimensions and corporate image designing. The implication is that corporate identity, corporate communication and feedback are veritable instruments for corporate image configuration. This means that gaps strongly linked to identity, communication and feedback have a significant effect on the image of organizations. It is recommended that managers should create and communicate positive image of their organization to their publics. They should all the same; discern feedback responses from their publics as reinforcement. This way, organizations at all times, will provide unique value proposition, earn the trust, and support of their publics.

This study proposes an Integrative Approach to the teaching of creative writing in tertiary institutions across the world. Exploring theoretical perspectives in the literature as they apply to writing in general and literary genres in particular, this study presents tips for better teaching – and invariably, learning of creative writing. In different parts of the world, the Curriculum of Creative Writing in tertiary institutions focuses on literary genres. The French word “genre” denotes “kind” and it is related to “gender” and “genus”. As far back as the early nineteenth century the word has been used in English to mean “a kind of literature”. The classification of literature into the three basic genres: drama, prose and poetry – is based on whether or not a literary work is dialogue, narrative or verse. This study concludes that creative writing presupposes the use of writing conventions as well as individualistic creative prowess, to make the teaching of discrete skills of creative writing effective and fascinating.