Etherification of jute fibre with butyl chloride was carried out at a temperature of 300C for a period of 2 hours in different solvents. Sodium hydroxide was selected as swelling agent for cheap and availability. Petroleum ether was used as a solvent in this research. The degree of substitution, the percent elongation, and bundle strength and moisture regain of the butyl substituted jute fibre was studied. It is observed that the bundle strength of the butyl substituted jute fibre decreases and percentage of moisture regain of the butyl substituted jute fibre decreases with the increases of substitution. The extensibility of the butyl substituted jute fibre increases up to about 10 times of its original value of 1% extension at break with the increase of substitution.

World is constructing at a quicker pace in all dimension of innovation. The parameters, which decide the improvement has changed lots in the ongoing, past and will continue changing in future as well. Which is required adequate planning and it comes from the all intersection. However due to quick scaling work environment, organizations generally prefer to do the task in ever quicker and less expensive correspondence that disintegrates physical and group boundaries both inside nations and universally owing to short cuts in planning, more noteworthy accessibility and simpler access to statistics, and the further opening up of worldwide markets are the arrangement of reactant supremacies that is quickening the speed of social change all through the world. Activity postponements are typical an issue in the construction trade and can expand task calendars and their expenses. Ongoing examinations endeavors have concentrated on the quantitative assessment of defer impacts. Writing proposes that the development business needs extra research to deliberately relate the reasons for postponements to their effects. A customary development technique has demonstrated to be insufficient in accomplishing this objective. Mechanization and parallel working has been key mantras of heedless way development. Neglectful way the exercises without early arranging will bring about real slips by and re-working in a large portion of the cases. Innovation, association, data, instruction and beneficial abilities will, along these lines, assume a basically unequivocal job in overseeing the future course of advancement. This paper manages 360 Degree development studies, which is the need of great importance in development. Development/construction as one of the top most businesses experiences trademark changes in conveying the range as quick as conceivable which would bring about better returns. 3600 Planning is the vital key of the development business. This thought won't just affect amount anyway it additionally sway on quality parameters. Human instinct likes to concentrate on one arrangement. An alternate course of action probably won't get the consideration it needs since individuals are exclusively put resources into the grounds activity. Barely work with “Plan A" to be a fruitful and feel investing an excess of energy in a "Plan B" could conceivably undermine that achievement (Myth). As a matter of fact planning isn’t a word per se although it’s a farrago mechanism, which demands time, keenness and endorsement and interchange of dialogue so on and so forth.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced gastrointestinal endoscopy practice worldwide. We aimed to evaluate its impact on the ERCP practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze all ERCPs performed during 2020 in our unit by comparing the first trimester of the year or the pre-pandemic period with the rest of the year or the pandemic period. Results: We performed 149 ERCPs with 65 ERCPs (43.6%) during the pre-pandemic period and 84 ERCPs (56.4%) during the pandemic period. ERCPs volumes decreased by 57% during the pandemic period in comparison with the pre-pandemic period. The most ERCP indications were common bile duct stones and malignant biliary strictures with an increase in numbers of acute cholangitis during the pandemic period (p=0.035). There was no difference regarding cannulation methods and technical success between the two periods. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected the ERCP practice in our unit with a significant decrease in the ERCP volumes with an increase in the urgent ERCP indications.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Nigerian men and worldwide. Some comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases, have been investigated as potential risks for developing PCa. Hypertension and Type2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are common in the middle-aged and elderly and could be a problem during treatment. Aims and Objectives: This study highlights prostate cancer-associated comorbidities and describes the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and hypertension with prostate cancer among southern Nigerian men. Materials and Methods: This was a 10-year retrospective study on all patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer at the University of Port Harcourt and two private Urology Hospitals. The case records of the patients were retrieved, and their age, prostate-specific antigen levels, Gleason grade, comorbidities, and treatment received were analyzed. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from the study. The data were collated using Microsoft excel 2020 and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: There were a hundred and fifty-two patients with histologically confirmed PCa. Sixty-four were reported with Gleason scores. Fifty-four (35.5%) of the patients had no associated comorbidity. Hypertension was the commonest associated comorbidity observed in sixty-one (40.1%) patients, followed by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in nineteen (12.5%). The poorly differentiated cancers were commonest among the patients with hypertension, Type 2 DM, and patients with both DM and hypertension. There was no association between Type 2 DM, hypertension, and Gleason’s score. Conclusion: Diabetes and hypertension are the most frequent comorbidities associated with Prostate cancer in our patients. There was no statistically significant association between Type 2 DM and hypertension with prostate cancer and Gleason’s score.

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect influence of the principal 's instructional leadership, the development of learning media and teacher performance on student achievement in SMPthe State of Alalak Barito Kuala District. This research is quantitative by using inferential research method. The research population was 119 teachers from 5 schools and 92 respondents were taken as research samples with Proportional Random Sampling. Collecting data using a questionnaire instrument and data analysis using descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant direct effect of instructional leadership, development of learning media and teacher performance on teacher discipline. There is an indirect influence on instructional leadership and the development of learning media through teacher performance on student achievement at SMPN Alalak District. Suggestions for future researchers can analyze research on student achievement in more depth by using more variables.

The impact of advertisement on financial performance of a company is manifold and it plays as a leverage to increase net sales which have created positive effect on profit. The present study tries to examine how advertisement expenditure affects the variables like net sales of the product, retained earnings, earnings per share and profit after tax by a representative study on Maruti Suzuki India Limited from 2009-10 to 2019-20. It is seen that all the variables have a positive correlation with advertisement which implies that cost of advertisement have a causal relationship with the variables. It is found that advertisement expenses of the company have motivated the target customers’ buying behavior and is reflected through the increase in net sales and profits of the product over a period of time.

Sciatica is a painful ailment caused by the pathology of the sciatic nerve or the sciatic nerve root. Pain and paresthesia in the sciatic nerve distribution or a lumbosacral nerve root are common in patients with this condition. A herniated disc with nerve root compression is the most common cause of sciatica; however lumbar stenoses and (less frequently) tumors are also probable causes. In general, 5 to 10 percent of people with low back pain have sciatica, but the lifetime prevalence of low back pain is reported to range from 49% to 70%. Gridhrasi having the same symptomatology as sciatica described in ayurvedic classics under vata vyadhi, is a condition in which pain, stiffness, gripping, and pulsations begin in the buttocks [gluteal region] and progress to the posterior aspect of the Kati (pelvis and lumbosacral regions), Uru (thigh), Jaanu (behind the knee), Jangha (leg), and Pada (foot). Among different modalities of treatment described in Ayurveda, Kati Basti is the most popular and commonly practiced one. In the present study an effort has been made to treat 30 patients of Gridhrasi with Kati Basti with Prasarini Taila and Tila taila separately in two groups. The treatment was given 48 minute long daily for seven days. The assessment was done by analyzing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms before and after treatment. The majority of patients (93.33 percent) improved after treatment. In this study, kati basti with prasarini taila outperformed moorchita tila taila in terms of reducing Gridhrasi or sciatica signs and symptoms. The snehana property of oil and medications in Prasarini taila was helpful in the relief of gridhrasi, as well as the swedana impact of Kati Basti.

Pakistan’s strategic significance in the maritime sphere has been at the center of debate. Particularly with the on- going development “Port of Gwadar” and how it may crop a new profitable armature in the region and encyclopedically. Still, the broader significance lies in the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) action by China that includes Port of Gwadar under China Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC), aiming to strengthen indigenous connectivity. In turn this study shows logical and descriptive approach for assessing theoretical substantiation to measure challenges to maritime security and how it may be affected by current challenges in the swell. Further, fabrics under transnational relations; regionalism, constructivism and critical security studies approach support the core argument “Challenges to maritime security of Pakistan”. The major finding of this study is apparent through collaborative security and how effective it has been in eradicating crimes in the swell. The major recrimination of this paper is to view challenges to maritime security as a coherent approach towards security and cooperation.

Investing in human capital is the priority to make the most of the evolving economic opportunity. The world is dynamic and must be followed for the fulfillment and meeting up with technology and trend of time. It is of great importance to work with trend by incorporating a knowledge driven development. Human capital is gaining importance, the workers are becoming increasingly responsible for every aspect of their work and professional life. Successes in knowledge economy require commitment of both workers and firms, to continually learn and increase their skills and expertise which foster innovation. Adult learning and education is available for continuous change, making knowledge available for initials and continuing workforce. Adult learning and education equips people with the necessary knowledge, capabilities, skills competences and values to exercise and advance their rights and take control of their destinies.

Power systems deliver energy to loads that perform a function in such a way that no barrier of electrical conductivity occurs. The energy productions through nanotechnology based systems are much efficient. They are manufactured through laser ablation and vapor deposition methods. The use of graphene is effective for lading the energy systems as it posses the physical characteristics such as electron mobility, high conductivity. Solar cells that transform the energy coming from the sun into the electrical form as photovoltaic influence greatly infused to this process. Capacitor with combinations of nanotubes also designed that increase the electrode surface area and thus the amount of energy. Nanotechnology technique can be used to produce cheap and high efficient solar cells. Nanocapacitors also working on the basis of the physiochemical properties of both the electrode and the electrolyte materials. Nanotechnology can be utilized in the productions of various electrical and commercial appliances.

Activated carbons were prepared from jute stick by chemical activation using ZnCl2, H3PO4, and H2SO4. The influence of activating agents and carbonization temperatures ranging from 300oC ~ 350oC were studied. The properties of the carbons were characterized by iodine adsorption and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) method. The results of iodine tests showed resemblance close to the values found in literature 500~1200 (mg/g). FTIR results revealed the existence of O-H, C=O, C=C, C-O and C-H bonds.

Open spina bifida (myelomeningocele) is a specific kind of neural tube defect (NTD) resulting from a trouble of closure of the caudal region of the neural tube early in embryogenesis. The diagnosis and management of open spina bifida has changed significantly over the past century. Significant advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of open spina bifida have been made over the last years. The most significant strategy for the prevention of open spina bifida has been with folic acid supplementation. Although progress in the field of myelomeningocele diagnosis and treatment has revolutionised the medical treatment of open spina bifida, the postnatal treatment of myelomeningocele evolved significantly and is now complicated by issues surrounding prenatal diagnosis, including availability, economic feasibility, and selection for invasive fetal surgery and management of pregnancy.

This research was conducted to gain confidence in a number of factors such as convenience, trust and security that affect people's interest in transacting using internet banking amid the increasing threat of cybercrime attacks on the theft of account owner assets. The data collection method used a questionnaire with research samples taken from government and private banks using convenience sampling technique and the results obtained were 120 respondents. The results of the study concluded that the convenience and security factors had a positive and significant effect on asking people to use internet banking, while trust had no significant effect.

The Niger Delta in the Southern part of Nigeria had been captioned ‘a region of environmental degradation’ including carbon monoxide (CO) pollution in the World Bank study of the region in 1995 and in the UNEP Environmental assessment of Ogoniland in 2011. The objective of the study was to ascertain the sources of CO production in the Niger Delta, the availability of Nigerian national guidelines on CO pollution, Nigerian national and regional register of CO poisoning and air quality check for CO in the region. A mixed method study (observational-descriptive and systemic review was carried out. Sources of CO production were visited, guidelines on environmental protection, CO and its register and data on daily air monitoring were looked for in Rivers State and the Nigerian Federal Ministries of Environment, Health and Justice. The result showed that there were no guidelines on environmental protection against CO pollution, no register of its poisoning and no monitoring of its ambient and indoor air concentrations in the Niger Delta. Sources of its pollution were tobacco fumes, generator, firewood, kerosene, bush and refuse burning, fire out-brake, barbecues, burning of fossil fuels in old vehicles, crude oil and gas industry (three refineries, oil wells, flow stations and gas flaring, crude oil and condensate spills, vapours from crude and refined oil storage, processing and transportation facilities, petrochemical plants and gas liquefaction plants). In conclusion the Niger Delta was plagued with numerous sources of CO emission and ineffective environmental protection laws. There was therefore urgent need for revival of regional and national environmental laws, maintenance of registers for CO poisoning and conduct of daily air quality check for CO and other gases in the Niger Delta and in Nigeria at large.

Within the changing environment local community tried their best to reduce climate extremes vulnerability by implementing different adaptive practices. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability namely, flood and drought in South Ari district. To gather reliable data, five kebeles were selected from the district using simple random sampling technique. 363 household heads were selected using a systematic sampling method from the five selected kebeles. Besides, primary data was collected from focused group discussions, key informants, and field observations. The linear trend analysis showed an increasing trend of rainfall and temperature in the study site. Integrated vulnerability analysis approach result showed that the three Weyina dega sub-agro ecology zones of the district are vulnerable to climate variability in different ways. Farmland enclosure with trees and growing two different crops on the same plot of farmland at the same season are the new adaptive practices implemented by the local community to reduce soil erosion. The chi-square test result shows that age, level of education, income diversity, number of contacts with developmental agents and access to climate information have a significant relation with the adaptation practices implementation in the study site.