Background & Objective: Canonical WNT/Wingless pathway regulates expression of target genes by modulating intracellular β-catenin leading to cancer growth and survival. Here, we studied inhibition of β-catenin using zerumbone (ZER) or β-catenin-siRNA in Sprague-Dawley rat cancer model. Methodology: Rat mammary gland tumor model was induced with the wild-type LA7 breast cancer cell line or β-catenin-knockdown-LA7 cells. LA7-rats were treated with ZER or β-catenin-siRNA as a positive control and the levels of β-catenin expression and its target gene were assessed using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. Results: We found good correlation between β-catenin inhibition and induction of apoptosis when using ZER or β-catenin-siRNA. In this aspect, ZER and β-catenin-siRNA inhibited cellular proliferation as reflected by reduced growth of breast cancer and apoptosis induction in rat mammary gland tumor. Further, our studies demonstrate that treatment with ZER and β-catenin-siRNA affected β-catenin-dependent gene expression. β-catenin downregulation by ZER or knockdown by β-catenin-siRNA improves the morphological and histological feature of the breast tissues as confirmed by subtle changes of the genes involved in cell-apoptotic pathways. Conclusion: This indicates that ZER targets similarly to β-catenin-siRNA and possibly be a useful anti-breast cancer by affecting expression of down-stream targets that are key components in cancer development. ZER can be a promising anticancer candidate for treatment of breast.

The impact of interdisciplinary collaboration on patient care in various fields such as pharmacy, administration, psychology, radiology, and nursing cannot be overstated. The integration of knowledge and expertise from these diverse disciplines has significantly improved the quality of care provided to patients, leading to better health outcomes and overall patient satisfaction. One of the key benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration is the ability to bring together different perspectives and approaches to problem-solving. In a healthcare setting, this can be particularly valuable as it allows for a more comprehensive understanding of a patient's needs and challenges. The value of interdisciplinary collaboration lies in its ability to leverage the unique expertise and perspectives of professionals from different fields, thereby fostering a more holistic and comprehensive approach to problem-solving. Interdisciplinary collaboration has the potential to generate fresh perspectives and comprehension across boundaries between disciplines. Multidisciplinary study that is new can cross borders of disciplines to address complex and referred to as vicious issues facing culture.

The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is a sexually dimorphic trait that has previously been reported to be associated with socio-behavioral characteristics. This study examined the relationship amongst 2D:4D ratio, sex, and socio-behavioral characteristics among undergraduate medical students at Enugu State University of Science and Technology. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted and a sample size of 120 was calculated using the Taro-Yamane formula. Convenience sampling method was utilized and the majority exhibited positive socio-behavioral characteristics such as emotional control and stress management abilities. There was a significant difference in the personality traits (conscientiousness and openness) between the male and female population at P<0.050. However, there were no significant differences between the left and right digit ratio among the male and female population as P>0.050 in each case. Also, there was no significant difference in the level of executive functions (emotional control, inhibition control, and stress intolerance) among the male and female populations as P>0.050 in each case. There was a significant negative correlation between the right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio and level of conscientiousness among the population with (r=-0.196) at P<0.050. However, no significant association was found between personality traits and executive functions. There was no significant difference between the participants’ digit ratio and gender. However, the male right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio was significantly associated with conscientiousness among the population. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between the participant’s digit ratios and their executive functions (emotional control, inhibition control, and stress tolerance).

Background: Menopause induces hormonal changes, including decreased estrogen levels, which can impact lipid metabolism and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in women. Objective: This comparative observational study aimed to assess the correlation between menopause and lipid profiles in women aged 35-65 years attending the General Health Check-up OPD at World College of Medical Sciences and Research in Jhajjar, Haryana, India, from January 2020 to December 2022. Methods: A total of 252 apparently healthy women, divided into premenopausal (n=126) and postmenopausal (n=126) groups, were included. Lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), were measured. Data were statistically analyzed using an independent t-test with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: In the study of 126 postmenopausal women, mean lipid profiles demonstrated notable values: total cholesterol (TC) at 191.59±35.78 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) at 143.44±72.39 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) at 45.01±9.99 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 116.43±31.79 mg/dl, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) at 28.69±14.48 mg/dl. Among 128 premenopausal women, mean lipid profiles were: TC 164±35.03 mg/dl, TG 125.52±65.84 mg/dl, HDL-C 41.66±7.66 mg/dl, LDL-C 96.95±31.78 mg/dl, and VLDL-C 25.10±13.17 mg/dl. Postmenopausal women exhibited significantly higher TC, TGs, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, alongside elevated cardiac risk ratios (TC/HDL and LDL/HDL), compared to premenopausal women Postmenopausal women displayed significantly higher mean levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C compared to premenopausal women. Additionally, cardiac risk ratios, TC/HDL and LDL/HDL, were elevated in the postmenopausal group. Surprisingly, HDL-C levels were also significantly higher in postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Menopause is associated with unfavorable alterations in lipid profiles, including increased TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, along with elevated cardiac risk ratios. However, HDL-C levels were unexpectedly higher in postmenopausal women. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring lipid profiles during the menopausal transition to address cardiovascular health concerns effectively.

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) states that armed separatists are parties to the conflict. Hence, IHL applies to both armed separatists and government forces with equal force. Ambiguity comes in at the level of Cameroonian law, where armed separatists have been arrested and charged with the offences of terrorism and secession without consideration that there are parties to the conflict. The aim of this paper is to determine the status of armed separatist in NW and SW regions of Cameroon for the proper applicability of the law. This paper shall also examine whether the right to self -determination nullifies the offences of secession and terrorism within the context of the conflict in Cameroon. In order to attain the above objectives, doctrinal and analytical methodology has been adopted. The paper concludes that terrorism and secession are distinct offences under Cameroonian Law and the right to self-determination appears to be too abstract to shield these offences. To this end, it is recommended that they should be a clear line between secession, terrorism and self-determination. Equally, the law should clearly define the procedure for self-determination.

This case report describes the non-surgical root canal treatment (RCT) of two cases with a periapical lesion associated with maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of male patients who complained of swelling associated with pus drainage and pain. The obturation of both maxillary and mandibular central incisors was done by using lateral condensation and epoxy resin-based sealer, followed by composite resin filling as a permanent restoration. Clinical and radiographic re-evaluations at 4 months and 7 months for maxillary and mandibular teeth respectively revealed progressing bone healing, particularly in a maxillary region. This case report shows that an appropriate diagnosis in combination with RCT as a conservative non-surgical approach can lead to the complete healing of a large lesion without invasive treatments.

Background: Dentures are removably inserted dental prosthetics that fill up tooth gaps. There are many types of dentures, including complete, partial and implant-supported dentures. As long-term supports for tooth replacements, dental implants have significantly changed the treatment philosophies of conventional prosthodontics. However, the success and durability of these prosthetic devices may be impacted if a person seeking denture implants has diabetes. Diabetes affects the body in many ways, including the mouth's oral health. Immediate dentures have many benefits, including better oral functions, preservation of lower facial height, preservation of tooth sockets, improvement of aesthetics, and replication of natural teeth's shape, form, and location by artificial teeth. Diabetes mellitus has been reported to be associated strongly with the oral health. The higher glucose microenvironment prolongs healing of tooth extraction sockets. Thus, encouraging the healing of tooth extraction sockets is crucial from a therapeutic perspective for people with diabetes mellitus. Methods: An electronic search of English peer-reviewed dental literature on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar was conducted to identify all publications reporting on how diabetes affect dentures until August 2023. Overall, 977 publications were found through an electronic and manual search, out of which 130 articles were selected after screening based on title and abstract. A total of 52 publications passed the second review phase after assessment for eligibility, from which 24 studies were excluded after full-text screening. Finally, a total of 28 studies were selected. A total of 10 articles were found to match our eligibility criteria to the full and were included in the final systematic review. Conclusion: Diabetes negatively impacts implanted dentures' success and longevity, leading to complications like Candida infection, poor bone integration, peri-implantitis, and compromised healing. Larger clinical trials are needed to understand diabetes's impact on implant therapy outcomes. Clinicians should assess patients' overall health, monitor glycemic control, maintain oral hygiene, and perform regular maintenance for optimal outcomes.

Every minute of every day, a baby is born. Most babies are easily seen to be a girl or a boy. Imagine how confusing it must be when we don’t know the sex of a newborn? This is rare and it can be very upsetting for parents. During the present study, a total of 47 individuals with unassigned sex were enrolled for chromosome study. These 47 individuals in different age group were categorized into three groups namely ambiguous genitalia, Intersex and Hypospadias. In Ambiguous genitalia group, a total of seventeen individuals were enrolled for chromosome study. Of these, thirteen individuals reared as males were found to have 46, XY karyotype. In the remaining four cases reared as female sex, three were found to have 46, XX karyotype and one which was phenotypically a female was found to have 46, XY karyotype. In Intersex group, a total of fourteen individuals were enrolled for chromosome study. Of these fourteen cases of Intersex reared as male sex by their parents, thirteen were found to possess 46, XY karyotype where as one cases was found possessing 46, XX. In Hypospadias group, a total of sixteen individuals were enrolled for chromosome study and were found to have 46, XY karyotype. The purpose of the present study was to find out the chromosomal sex in these individuals. The study is first of its kind from Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Background: Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) impose significant challenges not only on individuals grappling with addiction but also on the caregivers who provide support and care. The caregiving role is associated with multifaceted burdens that require understanding and targeted interventions. Recognizing the diverse dimensions of caregiver burden is crucial for offering effective support. Objective: The study aimed to find out the caregiver burden in substance use disorder patients, examining severity and socio-demographic correlations, contributing insights into effective support strategies. Methodology: The cross-sectional observational study took place at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College's Psychiatry Department and a private psychiatric and drug rehabilitation center in Sylhet from September 1, 2018, to August 31, 2020. The research focused on substance use disorder patients and their caregivers, involving 50 eligible patients selected through inclusion and exclusions criteria. Diagnoses followed DSM IV criteria. Socio-demographics were gathered via semi-structured questionnaires. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Bengali Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale through approximately hour-long interviews, with 1-2 daily. Ethical procedures encompassed informed consent and confidentiality assurance. Result: The study included 50 male participants. Patients mean age was 31.92 (±8.21) and caregivers mean age was 41.68 (±12.89). Mainly, caregivers were mothers (40%) and wives (34%). Caregivers experiencing moderate to severe burden were 58%, mild to moderate burden were 26%, and severe burden were 16%. Mean ZBI score was 48.22±13.55. Higher burden correlated with illiteracy, low family income, excessive drug spending, prolonged substance use, and multiple drug usage. Alcohol users faced more burden than other substance users. Female caregivers, younger age, and housewives experienced heightened burden. No burden links were found with marital status, habitat, religion, family type, or drug administration method. Conclusion: This study concluded that Substance use heightens caregiver burden, notably among female, young, and housewife caregivers. Addressing these trends is vital for effective care of substance use disorder patients.

Background: Zerumbone is a sesquiterpene which was found to delay progression of breast cancer through apoptosis induction via up-regulating Bax protein and down-regulating Bcl2 protein. Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate Zerumbone, a natural compound of medicinal herbal plant isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, for anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell line. Methods: Human cancer cell lines of breast MCF-7 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). ON target plus smart pool siRNA, the most efficient method is used for preparation of β-catenin siRNA. Cyclophilin B siRNA is considered as positive control. Zrumbone is an ethanol-soluble compound isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, extracted by the hydro-distillation (steam distillation) method. Purification of ZER was examined using HPLC. The MCF-7 cells transfected with 100 µM human β-catenin (CTNNB1) siRNA or cyclophilin B siRNA positive control. After transfection, the cells were harvested at 48hrs for mRNA analysis or 48 – 72 hrs for protein analysis. IC50 for ZER was determined using MTT assay. MCF-7 transfected with β-catenin siRNA were then treated with ZER IC50. The mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time to ensure the knock down of β-catenin. TUNNEL assay was used to confirm apoptosis and flow cytometry was applied for quantification of apoptotic cells. Western blot analysis was done to evaluate the effect of ZER and β-catenin (CTNNB1) siRNA on the expression of β-catenin and its functional impact on the proliferation and survival of MCF-7 cells. Results: ZER decreased β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer cell lines. ZER downregulated β-catenin mRNA level in breast cancer cell lines. Depletion of β-catenin by β-catenin siRNA and ZER induce cell apoptosis. Apoptosis caused by ZER was confirmed/examined using by annexin V (annexin V was used as a marker for drug action). Conclusion: Zerumbone possesses anti-breast cancer activity, which could be attributed to the reduction of β-catenin protein expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, downregulation of β-catenin mRNA level in breast cancer cell lines and through annexin V.

OJK's authority is to deal with companies that make illegal investments by taking action to prevent losses for the sake of legal protection for consumers and legal defense. The Twin Peak Concept and Financial Customer Care programs are useful in providing information and education to the public on the characteristics, products and services in the financial services sector. The purpose of writing is to reconstruct the authority of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in supervision to improve banking policies. The approach method in this study uses the constructivism paradigm, namely the paradigm with the ontology of relativism, the sociological juridical approach method. The results of this study, the researchers provide conclusions and suggestions that in fact the mandate of Article 4 of the Financial Services Authority Law on Consumer Protection assigns OJK to guarantee consumer protection in the financial services sector for all people, it turns out that justice has not been realized. While the suggestions are changing the rule breaking of OJK supervisory regulations, OJK supervision regulations are carried out by banking and non-banking financial services, as well as revising the customer protection law so that its effectiveness in protecting customers is more guaranteed.

This research describes the management of school partnerships with the Banjarmasin City Elementary School community which is located in a wetland environment to improve student achievement, in line with the ULM Vision, namely the realization of a leading and competitive university in the wetland environment, especially in the field of education, with the dissemination of higher education science and technology. This research method is qualitative by exploring school and community partnership management data, including: (1) implementation of school and community partnership management, (2) the concept of the school partnership program, (3) obstacles to implementing the partnership program. The research setting was taken from two elementary schools in the wetland environment of North Banjarmasin, namely SDN Antasan Kecil Timur 1 and SDN Sungai Andai 4 Banjarmasin. These two schools have a number of advantages in the school partnership program. The research data source is the operationalization of management functions. The research results show that the implementation of school and community partnership management at SDN Banjarmasin Utara has been implemented by the principal together with the school community and has succeeded in overcoming obstacles that arise such as school funding, parent participation and the principal's managerial weaknesses. These obstacles are transformed into a superior school product, so that ultimately the quality of education can be improved by producing graduates who are superior and competitive. Principals of North Banjarmasin District Elementary Schools are expected to optimize the implementation of partnership management so that school goals can be achieved effectively and efficiently. Teachers can carry out tasks in line with the school's goals, making the school's vision, mission, goals and strategies the basis for action. It is hoped that future researchers will be able to research in more depth regarding partnership management in school institutions, so that schools gradually implement partnership management effectively and efficiently.

Transformational leadership invites teachers to do the right thing, and motivates them to achieve common goals. So far, teacher discipline has not been optimal, this can be seen from the time discipline, there are still teachers who leave school during working hours for reasons that cannot be accounted for, teachers who arrive late or leave early before time for no apparent reason. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the transformational leadership of school principals on work commitment, motivation, and work discipline of high school teachers in Banjarmasin City. This research is a correlational descriptive. The population referred to in this study were all 135 high school teachers in the city of Banjarmasin from 13 schools. Data collection techniques through questionnaires and documentation, while the data analysis was done descriptively. The results of the frequency description show that 153 respondents or 78.43% of respondents stated that the transformational leadership of the principal of SMAN Banjarmasin City was in the good category, 3 respondents (1.96%) said it was very good and 30 respondents or 19.61% said it was quite good. there is no assessment of the school principal's transformational leadership in the unfavorable, no and not good categories. The majority of principals' transformational leadership at SMAN Kota Banjarmasin is in the high category, while teacher work commitment is in the medium category, teacher work motivation is in the medium category and teacher discipline is included in the high category. 43% of respondents stated that the transformational leadership of the principal of SMAN Kota Banjarmasin was in the good category, 3 respondents (1.96%) said it was very good and 30 respondents or 19.61% said it was quite good. there is no assessment of the school principal's transformational leadership in the unfavorable, no and not good categories. The majority of principals' transformational leadership at SMAN Kota Banjarmasin is in the high category, while teacher work commitment is in the medium category, teacher work motivation is in the medium category and teacher discipline is included in the high category. 43% of respondents stated that the transformational leadership of the principal of SMAN Kota Banjarmasin was in the good category, 3 respondents (1.96%) said it was very good and 30 respondents or 19.61% said it was quite good.

Adapting to the requirements of the new curriculum reform of secondary school geography, the experiential learning mode can change the traditional secondary school geography learning mode of the students, so that the students really become the main body of the classroom and take the initiative to learn, so that they can get intuitive and real feelings in learning and develop their geography core literacy in this way, this paper tries to understand the actual situation of the application of experiential learning concepts in secondary schools by the field survey and on this basis, we carry out a corresponding Discussion Interviews with five geography teachers and questionnaires from 206 students in two secondary schools in Hunan A and B show that: most students have a good relationship with their geography teachers; most students like the subject of geography; more than half of the students think that the difficulty of geography is average, but 35.3% of the students think that it is challenging to learn geography; the students' ability to learn independently is weak, and only 17.4% of the students often do pre-study before class; and the students' ability to learn by themselves is weak, and only 17.4% of the students often do pre-study before class. Students are less capable of independent learning, with only 17.4% of them regularly doing pre-study before class; the majority of teachers still adopt the traditional teaching mode, which is mainly based on lecturing; nearly half of the students think that the best way to learn is to acquire knowledge through practical activities, and very few students have participated in classroom inquiry activities. Therefore, setting clear goals for teaching activities is an essential guarantee that experiential learning will not become a mere formality; in experiential activities, guiding students in a timely and effective manner will significantly improve the efficiency of experiential learning activities, and avoiding a single evaluation of the feedback of teaching activities. Diversified evaluations can only highlight the effect of experiential learning.

This research aims to determine the influence of career development on motivation, the influence of compensation on motivation, the influence of career development on performance, the influence of compensation on performance, the influence of motivation on performance. This research used a sample of 109 which was distributed to midwives and nurses at each community health center in Buaran and Kedungwuni sub district. Analysis of this research data uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this research state that career development has a positive and significant effect on motivation, compensation has a positive and significant effect on motivation, career development has a positive and significant effect on performance, compensation has a positive and significant effect on performance, motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance. This research provides Suggestions to leaders at each Community Health Center so that the career development process and compensation are maintained and improved.