This study focuses on the significant challenges China's Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) faces in global dissemination, such as limited accessibility, passive reception, and cultural barriers, by empirically investigating the efficacy of a generative AI-enhanced Virtual Reality (VR) experience titled "Yunyue Shanhai · Zhihui Dongfang" in fostering interest and understanding among foreign university students. Employing a quasi-experimental design with 50 international students from five universities, the research utilized a VR system featuring multi-modal interaction, virtual inheritor dialogues, and real-time English translation to bridge linguistic gaps, measuring outcomes through pre- and post-experience surveys on interest levels, knowledge acquisition, and cross-cultural communication willingness. The study is grounded in the concept of "embodied cognition," which posits that learning is enhanced when users physically interact with virtual environments rather than passively observe them [1]. Quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in participants' interest, with mean scores rising from a baseline of approximately 3.57 to 4.53 (p<0.05), while 64% of participants reported increase in accurately named ICH items, 78% expressed willingness to engage in offline activities, and 86% indicated they would recommend the experience; qualitative feedback further identified immersion, interactivity, and cultural adaptability as key engagement drivers. This approach aligns with the broader trend of "blending AI and tradition to bridge cultures," as identified in recent reports on cultural preservation [2]. These findings demonstrate that integrating VR technology with generative AI effectively transforms passive observation into active, embodied participation, providing robust empirical support for utilizing immersive digital technologies as vital tools for the global revitalization and transmission of intangible cultural heritage.

Aim of the study was to find out the upshot of Cloistered Pilates Exercises, Cloistered Yogic practices and coalesce of Pilates exercises and Yogic practices on Genu varum Blemish of Ambipedal Jock. For this study sixty (N=60) school level male jocks who were studying various schools in Virajpet Kodagu, Karnataka were selected as subjects. The age of the subjects was ranged between 12 to 14 years. Group-I underwent cloistered Pilates exercises (CPEG), Group-II underwent cloistered yogic practices (CYPG), Group-III underwent Coalesce of Pilates exercises and Yogic practices (CPEYPG) and Group-IV was acted as CG (CG). Genu varum Blemish was selected as dependent variable and it was assessed by Postural Grid Chart. The duration of the training period was restricted to twelve weeks and number of sessions is five days per week. The data was collected prior to and immediately after the training period of twelve weeks. The data obtained from the experimental groups before and after the experimental period were analyzed by using the statistical technique with depended ‘t’ test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever, the obtained ‘F’ ratio for the adjusted post-test was found to be significant the Scheffe's Post hoc test was used to access the paired mean differences. In all cases, 0.05 level is fixed as level of confidence to test the significance which is considered as appropriate. The results of the study observed that there is a significant difference among cloistered Pilate’s exercises group, cloistered CYPG and coalesce of Pilate’s exercises and CYPG and control group. Further the results of the study concluded that coalesce of Pilate’s exercises and CYPG is better than groups.

This study presents a one-step solvothermal approach for the preparation of Electric Arc Furnace steel slag nanocomposite (EAF-SSNC) aimed at converting CO2 into hydrogen and methanol. The EAF-SSNC was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The SEM analysis revealed a spherical and heterogeneous structure with macropores, while EDX results indicated a composition of 26.3 wt% O, 32.4 wt% Fe, 11.94 wt% Si, 0.27 wt% Ti, 3.26 wt% Al, 2.93 wt% Mg, 20.43 wt% Ca, and 2.47 wt% Mn. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of multiple crystalline phases, including Andradite, Hematite, and Calcite. The photocatalytic performance of the EAF-SSNC was evaluated under varying dosages (10-60 mg/L) at a reactor temperature of 30°C and a flow rate of 500 μl/min, with a total water volume of 60 ml. The total organic carbon (TOC) levels were quantitatively assessed using a TOC analyzer, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the liquid products, which revealed that methanol (CH3OH) was the predominant product, whereas HCHO was the minor one. The findings suggest that EAF-SSNC can serve as an effective catalyst for CO2 reduction, addressing environmental concerns associated with steel slag disposal while contributing to sustainable carbon management strategies. This research highlights the potential of utilizing industrial by-products in innovative ways to mitigate environmental impact and promote resource recovery.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, predominantly affecting the parotid gland. Despite its benign nature, surgical excision carries significant risks, notably facial nerve injury and postoperative complications such as Frey’s syndrome. This case report discusses the presentation, diagnosis, surgical management, and postoperative challenges of a long-standing parotid tumor in a male patient, emphasizing the delicate balance between complete tumor removal and preservation of facial nerve function. A 58-year-old male, Mr. Toslim Ali, presented with a ten-year history of a slowly enlarging, painless left parotid swelling extending from the preauricular region to the upper neck. Clinical and imaging findings were consistent with a parotid mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) suggested a benign lesion. A superficial parotidectomy was performed under general anesthesia. Intraoperative findings revealed a well-encapsulated mass adherent to the parotid fascia but without evidence of deep lobe invasion. Facial nerve branches were carefully dissected and preserved. Histopathology confirmed pleomorphic adenoma. Postoperatively, the patient recovered without major complications, experiencing only mild transient facial weakness that resolved within four weeks. This case underscores the clinical importance of early surgical intervention in pleomorphic adenoma, meticulous intraoperative dissection for facial nerve preservation, and the need for patient counseling regarding potential complications. The discussion integrates literature on surgical approaches, risk factors, and preventive techniques for parotidectomy-related complications such as facial nerve injury and Frey’s syndrome.

The legal and ethical aspects of software reverse engineering discussed in this paper are in the context of security research. Reverse engineering is now essential to vulnerability assessment and system interoperability, but it exists in a large gray area of the law. We have thoroughly examined the legal frameworks of various jurisdictions and discovered that more than 70 per cent of security professionals are not certain about the legal boundaries of work (Dasgupta et al., 2024). Comparative analysis shows that the EU offers clear Article 6 exception to interoperability with five conditions to the situation, whereas the DMCA Section 1201(f) in the U.S. is more restrictive in its protection, which does not include security research. We single out eight significant legal grey areas in terms of conflicts on jurisdiction, safe harbor, and disclosure. This paper will consolidate the existing law, test case law of the recent cases (2023-2025) and examine industry practice in order to record the chilling effects and the specific legal risks posed by these frameworks. As our discussion reveals, the current laws tend to be out of sync with the advancement in technology and this may make doing genuine security a hindrance. We make timely suggestions to researchers, organizations, and policymakers in order to promote a balance in protection of intellectual property and the required security research.

Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) generated in healthcare settings poses serious health and environmental risks if not managed properly. Nurses play a pivotal role in biomedical waste management; therefore, adequate knowledge among staff nurses is essential for effective implementation of biomedical waste management rules. Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding biomedical waste management among staff nurses working at Noor Hospital, Warudi, Jalna, and to determine the association between knowledge levels and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted. Thirty staff nurses were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire during January 2025. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that 90% of staff nurses had average knowledge, 6.67% had good knowledge, and 3.33% had poor knowledge regarding biomedical waste management. A statistically significant association was found between knowledge levels and years of experience as well as designation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although most staff nurses demonstrated an average level of knowledge, gaps remain in comprehensive understanding of biomedical waste management. Regular training programs, continuous monitoring, and strict adherence to guidelines are recommended to improve compliance and ensure safe waste handling practices.

Grade III furcation involvement presents a significant periodontal challenge due to complete interradicular bone loss and limited regenerative potential. This case report described the management of a Grade III furcation defect using guided bone regeneration (GBR) and evaluated over a 9-month follow-up period. Following meticulous debridement, the defect was treated with a bone graft and barrier membrane to facilitate selective cell repopulation. Progressive improvement in probing depth, clinical attachment level, and radiographic bone fill was observed. The findings suggested that GBR may offer a predictable regenerative approach for selected Grade III furcation defects when proper case selection and surgical protocols were employed.

Hair loss in women represents a complex clinical challenge with profound psychosocial implications. We present the case of a young woman from Qatar who experienced severe diffuse hair fall for three years despite consulting eight dermatologists across private and public healthcare sectors. She underwent multiple interventions including hair transplantation, topical minoxidil therapy, and experimental exosome injections without adequate diagnostic workup or blood testing. Despite these treatments, her condition showed no improvement, and she experienced significant psychosocial distress compounded by harsh communication from some physicians. Subsequently, she pursued DNA-guided intervention with nutrigenomics through a specialized trichologist, representing a paradigm shift toward precision medicine in hair loss management. This case highlights critical gaps in conventional diagnostic approaches, the importance of comprehensive metabolic and genetic assessment, and the potential of personalized genomic-guided interventions in chronic hair loss. The case underscores the necessity of patient-centered care, multidisciplinary collaboration, and compassionate communication in managing conditions with significant psychological burden.

Tooth brushing is the most common mechanical measure amongst the recommended contemporary oral hygiene procedures engaged in preventive dental therapy. This is to determine the prevalence of toothbrushing habits and their efficacy in the removal of tooth deposits and resultant clinical periodontal health of the participants. This study, involved 250 first-time patients the Family Medicine Department at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Ikeja, Lagos. Data collection was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to obtain the sociodemographic data and the participants' toothbrushing habits. The efficacy of toothbrushing was assessed by evaluating the Oral hygiene index (OHI) and the periodontal status of the participants. Appropriate descriptive statistics were carried out. Pearson’s chi-square analysis was done to determine the bivariate relationship of the covariates and their efficacy, while regression analysis was done to assess the multivariate relationship. Statistical significance was determined at p≤ 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 40.1 ± 18.4 years; the 20-29-year-olds had the highest percentage with good oral hygiene, 20(30.3%). Those who brush their teeth more than twice daily had the highest percentage with good oral hygiene,4(66.7%) (p=0.002) and healthy periodontium, 4(66.7%) (p=0.03). Toothbrushing duration was significantly associated with the oral hygiene status (p=0.001). Those who brush their teeth >120 seconds had the highest percentage with good oral hygiene, 44(65.7%), and healthy periodontium, 39(58.2%) (p=0.001). Toothbrushing duration was the only habit that was independently associated with the oral hygiene status (p=0.001). Toothbrushing duration, age groups and male sex were independently associated with the periodontal status (p<0.05). Oral health education and counselling have to be holistic, as many of the factors and habits operate jointly in the provision of healthy oral hygiene and periodontal health. Brushing for up to 3 minutes will be more beneficial for the overall health of individuals.

Proteobacterial Antimicrobial Compound Efflux (PACE) family proteins are one of seven types of multidrug efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria. PACE proteins can actively efflux synthetic biocides, including the antiseptic chlorhexidine, whilst their physiological substrates are polyamines. PACE proteins contain four putative transmembrane-spanning alpha-helices, and experimental evidence suggests that they mainly exist and function in a dimeric state, but the high-resolution structural organisation and molecular mechanism of PACE proteins are yet to be elucidated experimentally. As an essential first step to achieve this, we employed a strategy for gene cloning, expression screening and large-scale purification of representative PACE proteins. The genes of 24 proteins were successfully cloned into IPTG-inducible plasmid pTTQ18 directly upstream from a His6-tag coding sequence and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. Small-scale expression tests identified seven proteins amplified at a sufficient level for larger-scale cultures and purification. Based on results from 30-litre fermentor cultures and inner membrane preparations, four proteins (A1S_2063, Fbal_3166, STY_3166, Tmarg_opt) representing distinct phylogenetic groups of the PACE family, were progressed to detergent solubilisation and purification. These proteins had purities of 86, 84, 80 and 78%, and purification yields of 1.1, 1.1, 1.3 and 1.0 mg/litre cell culture, respectively. The detergent-solubilised purified proteins had far-UV circular dichroism spectra consistent with alpha-helical secondary structure, producing melting temperatures of 46.7, 34.2, 32.6 and 37.6 C, respectively. A1S_2063 was most stable and might be best for structure elucidation. Secondary structure in all purified proteins appeared reasonably stable for performing biochemical and biophysical experiments up to 25 C.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including miscarriage, preterm birth and impaired neurodevelopment. Physiological changes in gestation necessitate trimester-specific assessment, yet data from Bangladesh remain limited. Early identification through antenatal screening may reduce preventable complications. This study aimed to determine the trimester-specific distribution of thyroid disorders detected through routine antenatal screening and to assess associated demographic and obstetric factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka, from September 2014 to February 2015. Sixty-two pregnant women up to 36 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancies were enrolled using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, clinical examination and thyroid function testing. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17. Results: Nineteen of 62 participants (30.6%) had abnormal thyroid function. Thyroid dysfunction was observed across all trimesters, with a higher proportion detected in the third trimester. Significant associations were found between thyroid dysfunction and maternal age (p = 0.039), menstrual irregularity (p = 0.042), parity (p = 0.025), history of subfertility (p = 0.004) and prior abortion (p < 0.001). Socioeconomic status and gestational age were not significantly associated. Conclusion: A considerable burden of thyroid dysfunction was detected during routine antenatal care. The findings support the implementation of structured thyroid screening strategies during pregnancy to enhance maternal and fetal health outcomes.

The development of digital technology has changed the way consumers make purchasing decisions, especially on e-commerce platforms. This study aims to analyze the influence of online reviews, the use of chatbots, and social media interactions on consumer purchasing behavior in the digital realm. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach. The research respondents totaled 100 people. Data analysis was carried out using SmartPLS. The results showed that the three variables had a significant influence on purchasing decisions. Online reviews provide additional trust and become the main reference before the transaction. Chatbots make communication easier and provide quick responses that improve user experience. Meanwhile, active interaction on social media is able to build emotional closeness and increase consumer engagement with brands. These findings confirm the importance of an integrated digital strategy in shaping consumer behavior in the e-commerce era.

The rapid expansion of global patent filings has increased the complexity of prior art searches and intensified pressure on patent offices to maintain examination quality. Within the Organisation African Intellectual Property Organisation known by its French acronym (OAPI), the 2015 revision of Annex I to the Bangui Agreement strengthened substantive examination procedures, including prior art search obligations. However, structural and technological constraints may limit the effective implementation of these reforms. This article examines the opportunities and challenges of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into prior art search within the OAPI system. Using a doctrinal analysis of Annex I, combined with a comparative examination of the use of AI in major patent offices, it argues that AI can enhance semantic search capabilities, improve efficiency, and strengthen patent quality across OAPI Member States. Yet uncritical adoption risks technological dependency, algorithmic opacity, and weakened institutional autonomy. The article proposes a calibrated integration model grounded in phased adoption, human oversight, capacity-building, and transparency safeguards to ensure modernization without compromising legal legitimacy.

Studies have shown that ear shape and size differ significantly among populations, making it a valuable trait for anthropological and forensic. Was a descriptive and cross-sectional study where 400 participants (219 males and181 females) aged 16-45 were used. Camera was used to take photographs with a 2cm graph sheet placed behind the ear horizontally and vertically to take reading from the photograph using a computer. The length of the right and left concha was 2.56 ± 0.31 cm and 1.8 ± 0.28 cm, respectively. The breadth of the right and left concha was 1.63 ± 0.32 cm and 2.45 ± 0.24 cm, respectively. The length of the right concha of males and females was 2.43 ± 0.22 cm and 2.6 ± 0.3 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference (p=0.045) in the length of the right concha between males and females. The length of the left concha of males and females was 2.48 ± 0.2 cm and 2.45 ± 0.2 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference (p=0.039) in the length of the left concha between males and females. The breadth of the right concha of males and females was 2.38 ± 0.4 cm and 2.24 ± 0.32 cm, respectively, there was no significant difference in the breadth of the right concha between males and females. The breadth of the left concha of males and females was 1.75 ± 0.31 cm and 1.53 ± 0.3 cm, respectively, there was no significant difference (p=0.102) in the breadth of the left concha between males and females. The length of the right concha of subjects within the ages of 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 was 2.55 ± 0.34 cm, 2.63 ± 0.3 cm, and 2.84 ± 0.53 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference (p=0.03) in the length of the right concha among the age groups. The length of the left concha of subjects within the ages of 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 was 2.52 ± 0.31 cm, 2.62 ± 0.32 cm, and 2.46 ± 0.25 cm, respectively. There was a significant difference (p=0.04) in the length of the left concha among the age groups. The breadth of the right concha of subjects within the ages of 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 was 2.18 ± 0.47 cm, 2.25 ± 0.52 cm, and 1.94 ± 0.48 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference (p=0.263) in the breadth of the right concha among the age groups. The breadth of the left concha of subjects within the ages of 16–25, 26–35, and 36–45 was 1.64 ± 0.32 cm, 1.65 ± 0.32 cm, and 1.57 ± 0.31 cm, respectively. There was no significant difference (p=0.832) in the breadth of the left concha among the age groups. Morphology of the helix on the studied population showed that 103 (25.8%) of the subjects had a concave marginal helix, 83 (20.8%) had a round helix, and 97 (24.1%) had a flat helix. The study provides a comprehensive morphometric and morphology profile of the concha and helix within this population. These findings could be useful in fields such as anthropology, forensics, and plastic surgery.

Since ancient times Odisha or Kalinga as known in that era, the state in eastern part of the nation is a rice eating state. Rice is the staple food as it is cultivated as the main cereal. Further, the healthy technique of boiling the rice partially is also age old. In common parlance, it is called as the brown rice as it looks brown in color. The brown color is because of the coating of the rice bran that comes out from the paddy when it is boiled. The process involves boiling the rice twice. First the paddy is boiled and dried in the sun after spreading out in the open. After drying once, the paddy is boiled again and dried again. Thereafter, the twice boiled & dried paddy is de-husked & the final product is obtained in the form of brown rice or par boiled rice. The article focuses on celebration of this rice in the state of Odisha of India. The literature review cites studies related to the Fermented Rice Water (FRW) that links its benefits to gut health & its related issues. The study emphasizes on fermenting in earthen pots overnight for optimal benefits. The article links the gut bacteria related to the article to the Bowel Nosodes of Homoeopathy that are a group of medicines prepared from the gut bacteria. There after it further links ‘Butyrate’ a product of soaking the Fermented Rice Water to Homoeopathy. In the last section, it reinforces the integration of homoeopathy on a large scale to deal with gut related issues that affect both mental and physical levels.