Diabetes during pregnancy, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-existing diabetes, presents significant challenges to maternal and fetal health. Clinical populations encompass diverse pregnant individuals, each with unique risk factors and outcomes related to diabetes in pregnancy. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize findings from eligible studies conducted between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2023, sourced from Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Database of literature Reviews, to comprehensively examine diabetes during pregnancy within clinical populations. We followed established systematic review methodologies, including study selection, data extraction, and analysis. Eligible studies underwent rigorous screening to ensure relevance and quality. Data were systematically extracted to identify trends and patterns in epidemiology, risk factors, clinical management, and outcomes. Among the 15 eligible studies, our analysis revealed variations in the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy across clinical populations, ranging from 5% to 15%. Socioeconomic factors, ethnicity, and maternal age were significant risk factors. Clinical management strategies varied, with insulin therapy predominant in pre-existing diabetes cases (68%) and dietary interventions in GDM (45%). Fetal macrosomia occurred in 18% of cases, while neonatal hypoglycemia affected 14% of infants born to mothers with diabetes. This systematic literature review highlights the multifaceted nature of diabetes during pregnancy in clinical populations. Variations in prevalence and risk factors underscore the importance of tailored healthcare interventions. Diverse management approaches necessitate individualized care plans. The prevalence of adverse outcomes necessitates vigilant monitoring and timely interventions. Our findings inform evidence-based practices research priorities, and support improved care for pregnant individuals with diabetes in clinical populations.

Background: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) has proposed as a non-invasive method for estimating the severity of fibrosis and the complications of cirrhosis. Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for assessing the presence of portal hypertension, but its invasiveness limits its clinical application. The aim of our study is to investigate if LSM could predict the size of Esophageal varices (EV) in patients with liver cirrhosis to limit upper endoscopic procedures only to those patients that really need it (patients with large EV or EV at risk for bleeding). Methods: Our retrospective study includes 46 cirrhotic patients over a period of 40 months between January 2019 and April 2022, at the Service of Digestive Functional Explorations of Hepato-gastroenterology of the University hospital Ibn-Sina of RABAT, all patients underwent a liver stiffness measurement by Transient elastography FibroScan. Results: Of the 46 cirrhotic patients included in this study, with a mean age of 58.5(21-90) years, 18 (39.1%) of patients were male and 28(60.9%) were female. the predominant etiology of cirrhosis was chronic viral hepatitis C 20 (43.5%). The area under the ROC curve of the diagnosis of large EVs (EV≥II) was 0.724 (95%CI). The optimal cut-off of elasticity was 20.5 for this purpose, with a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 94.74%. Conclusions: these results indicate that Transient elastography FibroScan is a reliable, non-invasive method to assess portal hypertension and can be used for the screening and diagnosis of clinically significant portal hypertension.

Following one of our research lines, we present here the first English translation of ‘Nietzsche, the philosopher and politician’, one of the masterpieces written by Professor Dr. Alfred Baeumler. We repeat what Baeumler said in this text: I have tried to lay bare the ground plan of a buried temple and roll some column drums on top of each other. I hope others will undertake the reconstruction of the complete building. This task continues.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of drug abuse among the Saudi population. Methods: To locate relevant material, we searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct thoroughly. The Rayyan QRCI was used during the procedure. Results: We included six studies with a total of 33222 patients, and 20,803 (62.6%) were males. Drug abuse prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 58.8%. The most common drugs used were amphetamine-cannabis benzodiazepine, Amphetamines & cannabis, Stimulants & cannabis, Heroin & alcohol, Khat chewing, and Marijuna & narcotic drugs. Patients' age, smoking habits, past medical history, and age at the beginning of drug use, male gender unmarried people, and Saudi nationals, used drugs at substantially greater rates. Interestingly, participants with higher education levels were more likely to use drugs such as amphetamines and cannabis while lower educational attainment were more likely to use Khat. Conclusion: When it came to substance misuse, the general Saudi population that visited health facilities had a pretty high rate. In light of these findings, we recommend carrying out additional research to obtain more precise and pertinent information about the incidence of substance usage in Saudi Arabia. To determine the incidence of morphine abuse across various populations, including healthcare professionals and people with chronic pain—such as sickle cell patients—we advised conducting additional research.

Advancement in science and technology is what can bring about rapid transformation of any country. Mathematics is a veritable tool in the understanding of science and technology. Despite the importance, the trend of secondary school students’ performance in Mathematics in external examinations is worrisome. Perhaps, non-availability of standardized achievement test for formative assessment or for promoting the students to the certificate class could be the cause. The purpose of this study was to develop and standardize Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) for unified senior secondary school class 2 promotion examination in Ondo State. Seventy five SSS2 students randomly selected from Akoko metropolis of the state constituted the sample. MAT for SSS2 was the instrument for this study. The instrument was developed and standardized following various stages of test development and standardization processes. Out of the initial 75 items drafted, 50 items formed the final MAT. The final MAT was valid and reliable. The reliability coefficients were (0.97 and 0.89) using test retest and Kuder-Richardson-20 methods of reliability respectively. From the results obtained, the following conclusions were drawn: The MAT was developed by the researcher, the validated test items were in line with the mathematics curriculum for senior secondary school class 2 students in Ondo State, the developed and validated MAT exhibited good measure of difficulty and discrimination indices. Based on the findings and the conclusion of this study, it was recommended among others that the developed MAT should be used by mathematics teachers teaching senior secondary school class two students in Ondo State and the examination unit of the Ondo State Ministry of Education should make use of this MAT to improve on the quality of their examinations.

Hospital is an establishment where patients that are diseased, infected, ill or injured receive medical care. A medical staff and equipment are required for the task of medical care delivery. The equipment that are employed in hospital could be classified as critical, semi-critical and non-critical depending on their design and tasks. A total of Eighty-five (85) samples of hospital equipment swab were obtained from Olabisi Onabanjo Teaching Hospital of which 40 samples of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. The isolates were Gram stained followed by conventional biochemical test for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiogram of the isolates was determined. The isolates exhibited resistance to ampiclox (87.5%), zinnacef (92.5%), amoxicillin (92.5%), rocephin (80%), and septrin (55%), while susceptible to pefloxacin (77.5%), gentamicin (80%), streptomycin (72.5%), and ciprofloxacin (52.5%). Some of the resistant isolates were exposed to plasmid DNA analysis and were found to be plasmid borne of varied molecular weight, which could be responsible for resistance to the antibiotics observed. There is therefore a need for regular disinfection, properly sterilization and preservation of medical equipment before and after use, which could curtailed or reduce the spread of equipment borne nosocomial infection.

This article mainly discusses a new type of unmanned aerial vehicle target tracking technology, comprising a drone using a built-in GPS module and a device with a built-in GPS module worn by a human body. When the human body is in motion, the device worn by the human body and the drone generate pseudocodes; Perform pseudorange measurement at a certain moment in GPS time; Obtain a nonlinear equation system related to pseudorange, repeat iterative calculations to obtain accurate coordinates, use Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path in a weighted directed graph, and the drone flies according to the shortest movement trajectory from the starting point to the human target point; The drone and device of the present invention perform pseudorange measurement at a certain moment in GPS time, and repeat iterative calculations to reduce errors, which is conducive to obtaining accurate coordinates of the device and drone; Based on weighted graph search, the coordinates of the drone and the human body are treated as two endpoints, representing the starting and ending points. The algorithm calculates the shortest trajectory in the graph.

The present invention relates to an alarm method for recognizing gestures based on a camera, comprising: setting a gesture data set; establishing a frame by the camera to recognize the trend of human activities; recognizing human gestures by using a convolutional neural network; comparing a captured binary gesture image with a security gesture, and setting a counter parameter with a value of 1; if the gesture image is successfully compared with the security gesture, setting the value of the parameter to plus 1; if comparison between the gesture image and the security gesture fails, setting the value of the parameter to 0; and when the value of the parameter is greater than three, establishing a signal for the camera and the receiving device. The camera of the present invention uses the convolutional neural network to recognize human gesture, processes the human gesture and compares a gesture image with a security gesture. After the conditions are met, the position is sent to a receiving device of the police officer on duty to call the police in time, thereby reducing the frequency of crime. In the whole process, the camera is used for the capturing, and a person injured can effectively prevent more serious persecution without shouting.

Maxillary lateral incisors have a single root, according to many studies on internal anatomy. The primary objective of this article is to describe the two-rooted permanent maxillary lateral incisor and also a conduct a review on all reported cases of maxillary lateral incisors with two roots emphasizing on its etiology and prevalence among racial population.

Introduction: The management of Postoperative Pain represents a public health problem. Throughout the world, this subject is the subject of numerous studies which emphasize the need to treat pain and evaluate practices. However, despite the progress made in the understanding of pain mechanisms, analgesic techniques, and the multiple recommendations made by learned societies in many countries, Post-Operative Pain is insufficiently addressed. The objective of our work was to evaluate the practices of anesthesiologists in the field of postoperative pain management in two health institutions in the city province of Kinshasa which are the Saint Joseph Hospital of Limeté and the Ngaliema Clinic. Method: The population of our study consisted of 23 anesthesiologists, 14 of whom were the subject of our occasional sample. To collect the data, we used the survey method supported by the techniques of direct observation, interviews and documentary analysis. At the end of our survey, the data was processed using descriptive analysis by calculating percentages and the average. Results: Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the majority of subjects surveyed were male at level A1 (graduate, equivalent of bacc+3) and with professional experience of 10 years or more. Concerning the management of Post-Operative Pain, 48.5% provided the actual management of Post-Operative Pain; 17.1% provided pre-anesthetic information. Overall, the management of postoperative pain was achieved at 32.8%. Conclusion: Referring to our acceptability threshold set at 80%, we can affirm that the management of Postoperative Pain is not provided satisfactorily by the anesthesiologists of the two hospital institutions selected for the study.

Background and Objective: Adolescence is a period of transition, physical maturation, identity formation and the acquisition of social roles. During this period, sexuality is perceived with a great deal of ambiguity in most parts of the world. While it is accepted that adolescents can have a sexual life, it is often considered problematic because of the risks involved: sexually transmitted infections (STIS), unwanted pregnancies and the social prohibitions imposed on adults. Method: For this, we opted for the phenomenological survey method, followed by the semi-structured interview technique using in-depth face-to-face interviews and rounded off by a data collection instrument consisting essentially of an interview guide with a Smartphone recorder. Results: After analysis and discussion, the following emerges: the adolescents interviewed represent sexually transmitted infections in several ways, as being a disease transmitted by sexual intercourse or an incident of sexual intercourse. They felt that certain practices such as fidelity, abstinence, screening and the use of condoms could help prevent STIS. However, they said that certain factors can hinder the use of these preventive measures, including lack of awareness, shame about buying condoms and lack of financial resources. Conclusion: Considering the quintessence of this scourge of STIS that plagues teenagers, the conclusion of this study proposes solutions linked to the use of condoms and also fidelity and/or abstinence.

The global transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) represents a profound evolution in consumer behavior, driven by a growing awareness of environmental sustainability and the imperative to reduce carbon emissions. The lifespan of EV batteries is central to the success and widespread adoption of EVs. This critical factor influences not only EVs' operational efficiency and reliability but also the automotive industry's overall sustainability. This research paper delves deeply into the intricate web of factors that impact EV battery lifespan, ranging from the fundamental principles of battery chemistry to the practical considerations of user behavior and maintenance practices. By dissecting these complexities, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying battery degradation and longevity. Moreover, we explore manufacturers' innovative strategies and technological advancements to optimize battery performance, enhance lifespan, and mitigate environmental impact. Through this exploration, we seek to offer valuable insights and practical recommendations for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and consumers to accelerate the transition toward a more sustainable transportation ecosystem. By empowering stakeholders with knowledge and tools to maximize the potential of EVs, we can pave the way for a future characterized by cleaner air, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and greater energy independence.

Understanding the current status of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) applications in the real world would be beneficial for sports medicine research and rehabilitation studies. It would further promote the development of the athlete ecosystem. This paper examines the applications and research progress of the FHIR framework in the field of sports medicine applications at home and abroad in recent years, compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between CardinalKit FHIR and different frameworks, discusses the opportunities and challenges faced by FHIR currently, and constructs interoperable sports medicine applications using FHIR and CardinalKit FHIR. CardinalKit FHIR is a helpful framework for any developer wishing to build innovative medical solutions using FHIR. Developers can break down data silos, improve athlete injury care, enhance performance monitoring, simplify management tasks, and pave the way for the future of Internet medicine.

The management of State Property originating from State-Confiscated Goods and Gratification Goods normally differentiates the position and criteria of Execution Confiscated Goods originating from State-Confiscated Goods from Execution Confiscated Goods which are assets or belongings of the convict or the convict's family, assets related to the convict, including related corporations convicts, which are confiscated by the Executing Attorney or Asset Recovery Attorney to be sold or auctioned in order to implement the fine decision. This becomes a problem for the executing prosecutor in implementing the Judge's Decision which has permanent legal force to carry out the execution of the Additional Replacement Money Crime in article 18 paragraph 2 of the Non-Corruption Crime Law. This research focuses on the problems of implementing and reformulating Article 18 paragraph 2 of Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning Corruption Crimes in an effort to recover state losses. The normative juridical research method in this research is carried out by analyzing theories, concepts, legislation and court decisions which have a correlation with asset execution problems. Methodologically, the constructivism paradigm applies the hermeneutic method in the process of reaching the truth. The results of this research are: The principle of asset execution as a criminal implementation of additional compensation money in settling state losses is the confiscation of assets resulting from crime which is actually rooted in a very fundamental principle of justice, where a crime should not provide benefits for the perpetrator (crime should not pay). This means that a person must not profit from the illegal activities he carries out. In rem confiscation is an action by the state to take over assets through a court decision in a civil case based on stronger evidence that the assets are suspected to have originated from a criminal act or were used for a criminal act. Confiscation of assets in personam, which is an action directed at an individual person, therefore requires proof of the defendant's guilt first before seizing assets from the defendant. Assets confiscated from court executions under Article 18 paragraph (2) of the Corruption Crime Law cannot yet be made into state property, because it is not concretely stated that the confiscated goods are state confiscated goods.

This research focuses on the impact that technology is currently having and will have on the development of people's work activities worldwide, as well as the analysis of the skills necessary for optimal performance expected of workers in their respective organizations, according to estimates from Higher Education Institutions in Chihuahua, Mexico. The main objective is to understand the expectations that companies and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico, have regarding the skills needed for the future of work and to compare them with the results presented in the World Economic Forum (WEF) Future of Jobs Report 2023. Based on the hypothesis that the degree of correlation between global expectations for future skills and those of Chihuahua would be low, a survey was conducted with 10 educational institutions on the topic. Among the main results, it was found that there is a 60% match in the top 10 skill groups sought both globally and in Chihuahua. Skills such as "Technology Design and Programming," "Emotional Intelligence," "Reasoning, Problem Solving, and Ideation," and "Systems Analysis and Evaluation" were identified as crucial for companies worldwide but not as important locally. Finally, the results presented will enable companies, the government, educational institutions, and the workforce in Chihuahua to understand the coordination needs to achieve the necessary training for developing future work skills that are important globally.