This paper critically examines differences in nomenclature within Theatre for Development (TfD), arguing that naming functions not merely as description but as praxis. Drawing on liberation pedagogy, applied theatre theory, and critical development discourse, the study analyzes how TfD terminologies emerge from specific historical, ideological, and institutional contexts. The findings demonstrate that early labels such as Popular Theatre and People’s Theatre reflect anti-colonial struggle and collective resistance, while later terms such as Theatre for Development and Applied Theatre align with processes of institutionalization and professional accountability. The analysis further reveals that nomenclature structures ideological orientation, participatory methodology, ethical responsibility, and epistemic authority. The paper contends that terminological multiplicity should not be viewed as a conceptual deficiency; instead, it posits that productive tension is essential to the vitality of TfD, contingent upon reflexive engagement. By reframing nomenclature as praxis, the study advances theoretical coherence in TfD scholarship and points out the moral value of naming in participatory performance practice.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a progressive disorder that causes mucosal stiffness, pain, burning sensation, and restricted mouth opening. Intralesional corticosteroids are commonly used, while platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a regenerative treatment. Aim: To compare intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and PRP in improving mouth opening and relieving symptoms in patients with OSMF. Materials and Methods: This prospective comparative study included 20 patients with Grade II or III OSMF. Patients were equally allocated to receive weekly intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide or autologous PRP for two months. Mouth opening, pain, and burning sensation were assessed at baseline, one week, three weeks, and two months. Data were analysed using the independent-samples t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: Both treatments significantly improved mouth opening, pain, and burning sensation over time (p < 0.001). At two months, mouth opening was greater in the triamcinolone group than in the PRP group (29.50 ± 1.08 versus 27.50 ± 1.08 mm; p = 0.001). PRP produced greater reductions in pain (1.20 ± 0.42 versus 4.20 ± 0.63) and burning sensation (1.50 ± 0.53 versus 4.30 ± 0.48) at two months (both p < 0.001). Conclusion: Triamcinolone was more effective in improving mouth opening, whereas PRP provided greater relief from pain and burning sensation.

This article examines Leila Aboulela's The Translator through the analytical lens of Serge Moscovici's Social Representation Theory, exploring how the novel portrays the experiences of a Sudanese Muslim woman negotiating the hostland politics of contemporary Scotland. Drawing on close textual analysis, the article argues that racial discrimination, Islamophobia, identity crisis, destitution, frustration, and social alienation experienced by the protagonist, Sammar, are not merely individual psychological conditions but manifestations of hegemonic social representations through which the Scottish host society denies the African Muslim migrant full humanity, dignity, and equal rights. The study further demonstrates how Sammar develops emancipated and polemical counter-representations of herself through her Islamic faith, spiritual self-realisation, and a gradual re-evaluation of homeland, thereby affirming her inherent human dignity in the face of dehumanising social constructions. By relating the novel's literary representations to the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the article argues that The Translator functions as a sustained literary critique of the hegemonic representations underpinning contemporary Western host societies while asserting the humanity, agency, and rights of the African Muslim migrant.

The convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has strengthened smart greenhouse management by enabling continuous environmental monitoring, automated control, and more informed use of agricultural resources. This review examines and synthesises research on IoT- and WSN-enabled greenhouse systems published between 2015 and 2026. Peer-reviewed studies retrieved mainly from IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar were analysed across sensing technologies, system architecture, communication methods, network topology, control approaches, cloud–edge computing, energy management, and performance assessment. The reviewed studies show that achieving strong performance in one area often requires compromises elsewhere, particularly among communication range, energy demand, reliability, scalability, latency, computational capacity, and cost. ZigBee is particularly suitable for low-power, short-range mesh networks, whereas LoRa better supports wider-area deployments. Clustered and hybrid network structures offer favourable scalability and reliability, while cloud–edge architectures combine scalable analytics with rapid local processing. Intelligent control improves prediction, adaptability, and resource use, whereas renewable energy and intelligent energy management can reduce reliance on conventional power sources. Practical deployment, however, remains constrained by sensor reliability, energy limitations, communication instability, interoperability, cybersecurity risks, and limited long-term validation. Future studies should place greater emphasis on energy-autonomous systems, edge intelligence, secure and interoperable architectures, digital twins, adaptive autonomous control, and realistic evaluation of emerging communication technologies for greenhouse applications. Overall, future smart greenhouses are likely to depend increasingly on integrated architectures that combine energy efficiency, adaptive control, reliable connectivity, and security to support sustainable operation.

Service quality has become an essential aspect for customer satisfaction and loyalty in the hospitality and tourism sector. This study primarily aimed to evaluate the service quality and level of satisfaction of Bryztoff Camp Resort in Dulag, Leyte. The study was carried out using the SERVQUAL framework to determine the profile of the respondents, measure the guests’ perception of service quality provided by the resort, and assess the relationship between the aspect of service quality and customer satisfaction. The researchers utilized a descriptive-correlational research design involving 80 randomly selected guests of the resort. Data were gathered using a SERVQUAL instrument and analyzed using descriptive and correlation analysis. The study revealed that customers who availed services at Bryztoff Camp Resort were generally satisfied with the services provided by the establishment (3.94). Results of the descriptive analysis indicate that guests gave the highest mean score on tangibility (4.00) and the lowest score on reliability (3.15). Findings further show that among the five dimensions of service quality, responsiveness was significantly related to customer satisfaction (r = 0.2721, p = 0.0146). Overall, the study suggests that the resort should prioritize improving guest satisfaction with its responsiveness to guests’ needs and requests. In doing so, the resort could provide superior service quality, satisfy customers, promote positive word of mouth, and gain competitive advantage over other resorts.

The objective of present study was study of preliminary pharmacological screening of Citrullus colocynthis fruits extracts for ulcerative colitis using Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in experimental animal. Different extracts i.e. petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Citrullus colocynthis Linn. fruits were screened for protective effect in Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis through assessment of disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and antioxidants assay in colonic tissues. Results of study were showed that Citrullus colocynthis Linn. give positive test of steroids in petroleum ether and alkaloids in chloroform extract. The ethyl acetate and ethanol extract contains flavonoids, tannins, glycosides and amino acids. Aqueous extract was found presence of carbohydrates, saponins and amino acids. The disease activity index and colon weight were observed significantly decreased after treatment with ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis (EECC). Other extracts of Citrullus colocynthis fruits e.g. CECC, EACC and AECC at the dose of 200 mg/kg were does not showed significant Disease activity Index as well as % protection. Treatment with EECC significantly reduced MPO to 12.54 ± 0.12 and MDA to 44.20 ± 1.64 (P<0.05), bringing the values close to normal and comparable to sulfasalazine (MPO: 15.34 ± 0.54; MDA: 45.02 ± 1.73). EECC produced significant improvement in all measured parameters, demonstrating strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities comparable to the standard drug sulfasalazine. This pharmacological screening of different extracts of Citrullus colocynthis fruits suggests that ethanol extract mitigates colonic damage through antioxidant replenishment, reduction of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and mitigating oxidative stress. Among the tested doses, 200 mg/kg of different extracts, the ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis Linn. fruits produced the most pronounced effects and demonstrated efficacy comparable to the standard drug sulfasalazine.

Istradefylline, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist used as an add-on therapy to levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease, requires reliable impurity profiling to ensure pharmaceutical quality and safety. In this study, a novel, stability-indicating, Quality by Design (QbD)-based and eco-friendly RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Istradefylline and its related impurities in tablet dosage forms. Method robustness was systematically evaluated using a three-level, two-factor factorial design. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an XBridge C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using 0.01M ammonium formate buffer (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.8mL min⁻¹, with detection at 280 and 360nm. The method demonstrated excellent specificity, effectively separating Istradefylline from its impurities (IST-4, IST-5, IST-CIS, IST-10, and IST-40) without interference from excipients and degradation products. Linearity was established over the concentration range of 0.200–4.000µgmL⁻¹ (R² > 0.999), while accuracy, precision, and sensitivity met ICH acceptance criteria. Forced degradation studies confirmed the stability-indicating capability of the method. The method also complies with Green Analytical Chemistry principles through reduced solvent consumption and efficient chromatographic performance. Validation results demonstrated that the method is robust, reliable, and suitable for routine quality control, impurity profiling, and stability assessment of Istradefylline tablet formulations.