This study presents a one-step solvothermal approach for the preparation of Electric Arc Furnace steel slag nanocomposite (EAF-SSNC) aimed at converting CO2 into hydrogen and methanol. The EAF-SSNC was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The SEM analysis revealed a spherical and heterogeneous structure with macropores, while EDX results indicated a composition of 26.3 wt% O, 32.4 wt% Fe, 11.94 wt% Si, 0.27 wt% Ti, 3.26 wt% Al, 2.93 wt% Mg, 20.43 wt% Ca, and 2.47 wt% Mn. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of multiple crystalline phases, including Andradite, Hematite, and Calcite. The photocatalytic performance of the EAF-SSNC was evaluated under varying dosages (10-60 mg/L) at a reactor temperature of 30°C and a flow rate of 500 μl/min, with a total water volume of 60 ml. The total organic carbon (TOC) levels were quantitatively assessed using a TOC analyzer, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the liquid products, which revealed that methanol (CH3OH) was the predominant product, whereas HCHO was the minor one. The findings suggest that EAF-SSNC can serve as an effective catalyst for CO2 reduction, addressing environmental concerns associated with steel slag disposal while contributing to sustainable carbon management strategies. This research highlights the potential of utilizing industrial by-products in innovative ways to mitigate environmental impact and promote resource recovery.

Aim of the study was to find out the upshot of Cloistered Pilates Exercises, Cloistered Yogic practices and coalesce of Pilates exercises and Yogic practices on Genu varum Blemish of Ambipedal Jock. For this study sixty (N=60) school level male jocks who were studying various schools in Virajpet Kodagu, Karnataka were selected as subjects. The age of the subjects was ranged between 12 to 14 years. Group-I underwent cloistered Pilates exercises (CPEG), Group-II underwent cloistered yogic practices (CYPG), Group-III underwent Coalesce of Pilates exercises and Yogic practices (CPEYPG) and Group-IV was acted as CG (CG). Genu varum Blemish was selected as dependent variable and it was assessed by Postural Grid Chart. The duration of the training period was restricted to twelve weeks and number of sessions is five days per week. The data was collected prior to and immediately after the training period of twelve weeks. The data obtained from the experimental groups before and after the experimental period were analyzed by using the statistical technique with depended ‘t’ test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever, the obtained ‘F’ ratio for the adjusted post-test was found to be significant the Scheffe's Post hoc test was used to access the paired mean differences. In all cases, 0.05 level is fixed as level of confidence to test the significance which is considered as appropriate. The results of the study observed that there is a significant difference among cloistered Pilate’s exercises group, cloistered CYPG and coalesce of Pilate’s exercises and CYPG and control group. Further the results of the study concluded that coalesce of Pilate’s exercises and CYPG is better than groups.

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumor, predominantly affecting the parotid gland. Despite its benign nature, surgical excision carries significant risks, notably facial nerve injury and postoperative complications such as Frey’s syndrome. This case report discusses the presentation, diagnosis, surgical management, and postoperative challenges of a long-standing parotid tumor in a male patient, emphasizing the delicate balance between complete tumor removal and preservation of facial nerve function. A 58-year-old male, Mr. Toslim Ali, presented with a ten-year history of a slowly enlarging, painless left parotid swelling extending from the preauricular region to the upper neck. Clinical and imaging findings were consistent with a parotid mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) suggested a benign lesion. A superficial parotidectomy was performed under general anesthesia. Intraoperative findings revealed a well-encapsulated mass adherent to the parotid fascia but without evidence of deep lobe invasion. Facial nerve branches were carefully dissected and preserved. Histopathology confirmed pleomorphic adenoma. Postoperatively, the patient recovered without major complications, experiencing only mild transient facial weakness that resolved within four weeks. This case underscores the clinical importance of early surgical intervention in pleomorphic adenoma, meticulous intraoperative dissection for facial nerve preservation, and the need for patient counseling regarding potential complications. The discussion integrates literature on surgical approaches, risk factors, and preventive techniques for parotidectomy-related complications such as facial nerve injury and Frey’s syndrome.

The legal and ethical aspects of software reverse engineering discussed in this paper are in the context of security research. Reverse engineering is now essential to vulnerability assessment and system interoperability, but it exists in a large gray area of the law. We have thoroughly examined the legal frameworks of various jurisdictions and discovered that more than 70 per cent of security professionals are not certain about the legal boundaries of work (Dasgupta et al., 2024). Comparative analysis shows that the EU offers clear Article 6 exception to interoperability with five conditions to the situation, whereas the DMCA Section 1201(f) in the U.S. is more restrictive in its protection, which does not include security research. We single out eight significant legal grey areas in terms of conflicts on jurisdiction, safe harbor, and disclosure. This paper will consolidate the existing law, test case law of the recent cases (2023-2025) and examine industry practice in order to record the chilling effects and the specific legal risks posed by these frameworks. As our discussion reveals, the current laws tend to be out of sync with the advancement in technology and this may make doing genuine security a hindrance. We make timely suggestions to researchers, organizations, and policymakers in order to promote a balance in protection of intellectual property and the required security research.

Background: Biomedical waste (BMW) generated in healthcare settings poses serious health and environmental risks if not managed properly. Nurses play a pivotal role in biomedical waste management; therefore, adequate knowledge among staff nurses is essential for effective implementation of biomedical waste management rules. Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding biomedical waste management among staff nurses working at Noor Hospital, Warudi, Jalna, and to determine the association between knowledge levels and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted. Thirty staff nurses were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire during January 2025. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that 90% of staff nurses had average knowledge, 6.67% had good knowledge, and 3.33% had poor knowledge regarding biomedical waste management. A statistically significant association was found between knowledge levels and years of experience as well as designation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although most staff nurses demonstrated an average level of knowledge, gaps remain in comprehensive understanding of biomedical waste management. Regular training programs, continuous monitoring, and strict adherence to guidelines are recommended to improve compliance and ensure safe waste handling practices.

Grade III furcation involvement presents a significant periodontal challenge due to complete interradicular bone loss and limited regenerative potential. This case report described the management of a Grade III furcation defect using guided bone regeneration (GBR) and evaluated over a 9-month follow-up period. Following meticulous debridement, the defect was treated with a bone graft and barrier membrane to facilitate selective cell repopulation. Progressive improvement in probing depth, clinical attachment level, and radiographic bone fill was observed. The findings suggested that GBR may offer a predictable regenerative approach for selected Grade III furcation defects when proper case selection and surgical protocols were employed.

Hair loss in women represents a complex clinical challenge with profound psychosocial implications. We present the case of a young woman from Qatar who experienced severe diffuse hair fall for three years despite consulting eight dermatologists across private and public healthcare sectors. She underwent multiple interventions including hair transplantation, topical minoxidil therapy, and experimental exosome injections without adequate diagnostic workup or blood testing. Despite these treatments, her condition showed no improvement, and she experienced significant psychosocial distress compounded by harsh communication from some physicians. Subsequently, she pursued DNA-guided intervention with nutrigenomics through a specialized trichologist, representing a paradigm shift toward precision medicine in hair loss management. This case highlights critical gaps in conventional diagnostic approaches, the importance of comprehensive metabolic and genetic assessment, and the potential of personalized genomic-guided interventions in chronic hair loss. The case underscores the necessity of patient-centered care, multidisciplinary collaboration, and compassionate communication in managing conditions with significant psychological burden.