This retrospective study, conducted at the Ultrasound Department of Al-Auda Medical Center in Hafr Al-Batin, KSA, evaluated the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of the Gynecologic Imaging-Reporting and Data System (GI-RADS) for the risk stratification of adnexal masses. Over a three-year period (December 2022 to December 2025), 300 patients presenting with suspected adnexal masses underwent standardized transabdominal and transvaginal sonography using high-resolution systems. The results indicate that the majority of adnexal masses were low-risk, with 51.7% categorized as GI-RADS 3 (Probably Benign) and 36.3% as GI-RADS 2 (Benign). Findings suspicious for malignancy were rare, with 8.0% classified as GI-RADS 4 and 2.0% as GI-RADS 5. Statistical analysis revealed highly significant associations ($p=0.000$) between GI-RADS stratification and parameters such as cystic content, internal vascularity, and the presence of ascites, with vascularity demonstrating the strongest correlation (Cramer’s V=0.458). Conversely, septal and wall thickness were not statistically significant discriminators in this cohort (p=0.088). In conclusion, the GI-RADS framework proved to be a reliable, standardized tool for characterizing adnexal lesions at our institution. The system effectively reduced diagnostic ambiguity, facilitating consistent clinical triage and communication between sonographers and clinicians. These findings support the widespread adoption of GI-RADS as a mandatory reporting standard to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce unnecessary interventions for benign lesions, and prioritize urgent management for high-risk patients. This audit provides essential evidence-based justification for maintaining GI-RADS as the primary reporting protocol at Al-Auda Medical Center.

Yoga is one of the oldest and most comprehensive systems of health promotion and self-development originating from Indian civilization. Rooted in ancient philosophical traditions, Yoga aims to establish harmony among the body, mind, and spirit through the integrated practice of asanas (postures), pranayama (breathing techniques), meditation, and ethical disciplines. The present review examines the historical development, philosophical foundations, classifications, health benefits, and therapeutic applications of Yoga in contemporary society. The review traces the origins of Yoga from the Indus Valley Civilization and ancient Indian scriptures to its systematic formulation by Maharishi Patanjali through the Yoga Sutra and its subsequent global dissemination by eminent Yoga masters such as Swami Vivekananda. Various classifications of Yoga, including Raja Yoga, Hatha Yoga, Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Kriya Yoga, are discussed with reference to their distinct objectives and practices. The review further highlights the role of regular Yoga practice in enhancing physical fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, immune function, cardiovascular efficiency, respiratory health, digestive function, cognitive performance, and psychological well-being. Special emphasis is placed on the contribution of Yoga to the prevention and management of lifestyle-related disorders and selected health conditions, including constipation, acidity, asthma, diabetes mellitus, insomnia, menstrual disorders, and haemorrhoids. Evidence suggests that Yoga serves as an effective complementary approach for improving physiological functioning, reducing stress, promoting emotional stability, and enhancing overall quality of life. Although Yoga should not replace conventional medical treatment, its integration into healthcare, education, sports training, and community wellness programs offers significant potential for promoting holistic health. The review concludes that Yoga remains a scientifically relevant and universally applicable practice capable of contributing substantially to preventive healthcare, disease management, and comprehensive human development in modern society.

Students are the future pillars of society and play a crucial role in the development and progress of a nation. The quality of a nation's human resources largely depends on the education and guidance provided to its younger generation. In this context, teachers serve as key agents in shaping students' intellectual, emotional, social, and moral development. Among the various characteristics of effective teaching, a positive attitude and constructive mindset of teachers are particularly important in fostering student growth and success. A positive teacher not only imparts knowledge but also inspires, motivates, and guides students toward achieving their full potential. Positive teachers create supportive, inclusive, and engaging learning environments where students feel valued, respected, and encouraged to participate actively in the learning process. Through empathy, patience, and effective communication, they help learners overcome academic and personal challenges while developing confidence and self-esteem. Such teachers promote curiosity, creativity, critical thinking, and a lifelong love for learning. Their encouragement and recognition of students’ achievements, regardless of their size, contribute significantly to enhancing motivation and academic performance. Furthermore, positive teaching practices play an essential role in the holistic development of students. Modern education extends beyond the acquisition of academic knowledge and aims to nurture individuals who are innovative, responsible, ethical, and socially conscious. Positive teachers foster these qualities by serving as role models and by cultivating values such as cooperation, respect, discipline, and accountability within the classroom. Their influence contributes to the development of productive citizens who are capable of making meaningful contributions to society and national advancement. In an era characterized by rapid social, technological, and educational changes, the role of positive teachers has become increasingly significant. Their ability to establish healthy teacher-student relationships and create motivating learning experiences directly influences student engagement, well-being, and overall development. Therefore, positive teachers are indispensable in transforming students into competent human capital and in supporting the broader goals of educational excellence, social progress, and sustainable national development.

Buildings account for a substantial share of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, creating an urgent need for design strategies that simultaneously address operational performance, occupant comfort, and life-cycle environmental impacts. While simulation-based optimization has become increasingly common in building performance research, relatively few studies evaluate energy use, thermal comfort, and embodied carbon within a unified tri-objective framework. This study presents a simulation-based tri-objective Pareto optimization of residential buildings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Dubai, United Arab Emirates, using DesignBuilder, EnergyPlus, and the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). A standardized four-story residential apartment prototype comprising 16 thermal zones and 2239.82 m² of conditioned floor area was developed and simulated under identical geometric, operational, and HVAC assumptions. Window-to-wall ratio, glazing type, external shading depth, and cooling setpoint temperature were optimized to minimize annual site energy consumption, ASHRAE 55 thermal discomfort hours, and embodied carbon emissions. Baseline simulations revealed substantially higher operational demand in Dubai, with annual energy consumption reaching 272,077 kWh compared with 196,478 kWh in Riyadh, while discomfort hours increased from 2,530 h/year to 3,262 h/year. Optimization reduced annual energy demand by 72.9% in Riyadh and 74.5% in Dubai, while thermal discomfort was reduced to 776 h/year in the best-performing comfort solution. Pareto-optimal solutions consistently favored low window-to-wall ratios (10–16%), high-performance glazing, and external overhangs between 1.5 and 2.0 m. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of tri-objective optimization for balancing operational efficiency, occupant comfort, and embodied carbon while providing climate-responsive façade design guidance for residential buildings in hot-arid Gulf environments.

Background: Yoga has gained considerable importance in sports training due to its positive effects on physical fitness, postural control, and mental concentration. Balance and coordination are essential motor abilities for athletic performance, yet limited studies have examined the specific impact of yoga practices on these abilities among competitive athletes. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of yoga practices on the balance and coordination of athletes in the Bankura district. Methods: For this purpose of the present study total forty (n=40) male athletes were selected from various clubs in Bankura District who had participated at least at the state or inter-collegiate level tournaments. The participants were selected through purposive random sampling. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 25 years. All participants were free from injuries during the data collection period and did not consume any ergogenic aids or nutritional supplements. An eight-week yoga training programme was implemented, consisting of three sessions per week, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The programme included 10 minutes of pranayama emphasizing breathing exercises, 35 minutes of asanas emphasizing flexibility, followed by 15 minutes of cool-down, mindfulness, and relaxation practices. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted before and after the intervention programme. Balance was assessed using the stork balance stand test, while coordination was measured through the alternate hand wall toss test. The collected data were analysed using the descriptive and analytical statistics viz. mean, standard deviation, and paired ‘t’ test. Results: The findings revealed a significant improvement in balance performance, as the calculated ‘t’ value (6.098) exceeded the tabulated value (2.022). However, coordination did not show a statistically significant improvement, with the calculated ‘t’ value (1.703) was lower than the tabulated value (2.022). Discussion: The study found that yoga practices are effective in enhancing balance among athletes by improving postural stability, muscular control, and proprioceptive awareness. However, the intervention was not sufficient to produce significant improvement in coordination, possibly due to the limited duration of training and the sport-specific nature of coordination abilities. Conclusion: Yoga may be considered an effective supplementary training method for improving balance in athletes.

Women’s mental health is significantly impacted by psychological stressors such as stress, anxiety, depression, anger, self-silencing behaviour and fear of sexual assault. These negative emotions not only cause discomfort in life but also limit the freedom of expression and interaction. Self-defence is now considered a means of enhancing one’s mental capability and empowerment. The current study focuses on the effects of self-defence training in lowering negative psychological states related to women’s overall well-being. Seven quantitative studies meeting the inclusion criteria were systematically analysed to assess the effects of self-defence training on women. These studies were sourced from electronic databases, including ResearchGate, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, using keywords such as “self-defence training,” “mental health,” “women,” “psychological states,” “empowerment,” etc. The main psychological factors considered during this study include fear, stress, anxiety, depression, anger, and self-silencing behaviour. Findings indicate that self-defence training is effective in reducing fear, stress, anxiety, depression, anger, and self-silencing behaviour. Moreover, self-defence training also increases a person’s feeling of control and safety. Therefore, this review highlights the benefits of self-defence training in reducing negative psychological states, emphasising its value as a holistic approach to mental health and women’s empowerment in the 21st century. Further research may focus on the long-term impact of martial arts on mental health and improve techniques to ensure maximum psychological benefits.

We investigate the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional (1D) Fermi-Hubbard model subjected to abrupt, global interaction quenches. Specifically, we benchmark the convergence properties, structural accuracy, and algorithmic breakdown of the Magnus expansion against numerically exact results obtained via full Exact Diagonalization (ED) on small, periodic lattice clusters. By tracking the real-time evolution of local observables, double occupancy (doublon density), and many-body state fidelity metrics, we map out the validity bounds of the low-order Magnus series across weak, moderate, and strong interaction regimes. Our findings demonstrate that while the Magnus expansion provides an exceptionally accurate description of short-time coherent dynamics, rapid phase matching, and initial prethermalization tendencies, its convergence is fundamentally bottlenecked at longer timescales. This breakdown is driven by the rapid growth of multi-particle entanglement, non-local operator spreading via nested commutators, and the emergence of severe state-space fragmentation inherent to dense, strongly interacting many-body spectra.