This research paper explores the role of local institutional strengthening in promoting peace building within Kenyan educational institutions, with a focus on Amani Clubs. These clubs serve as a microcosm of local peace building efforts, providing valuable insights into the challenges and successes of grassroots initiatives in conflict-ridden regions. Through a comprehensive desktop research approach, this paper analyzes the evolution, implementation, and impact of Amani Clubs, shedding light on their effectiveness as a model for promoting peace and social cohesion in Kenyan institutions.

Assessment of therapeutic outcomes in hospitalized patients is important for ensuring effective treatment and supporting clinical decision-making. Main objective of the study was to evaluate therapeutic outcomes in hospitalized patients using laboratory and vital parameters, assess drug effectiveness, and identify factors influencing clinical improvement in a tertiary care teaching hospital. A prospective observational study was conducted over six months in the General Medicine department, including 100 patients. Case files data on demographics, diagnosis, prescribed medications, vital signs, and laboratory parameters were collected using a structured form and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Among the patients, 54% were female and 46% were male, with a mean age of 44.3 ± 13.21 years. The most common conditions were renal disorders (17%), acute febrile illness (10%), and diabetes mellitus (9%). Most patients had a hospital stay of 4 days (37%). A total of 452 drugs were prescribed, with antibiotics (17.52%) and proton pump inhibitors (16.5%) being the most frequently used. Laboratory findings showed improvement in haemoglobin, sodium, and potassium levels, while reductions were observed in WBC count and random blood sugar. Vital parameters improved notably in blood pressure and body temperature. The observed improvements in laboratory and vital parameters indicate effective therapeutic management and highlight the importance of continuous monitoring in hospitalized patients. Pharmacist-led monitoring plays a significant role in optimizing therapy, promoting rational drug use, and enhancing patient safety, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes in hospital settings.

As a type of linguistic variation, phonetic variation manifests universal characteristics in human linguistic communication, carries complex sociocultural connotations, and demonstrates significant academic research value. This phenomenon has long served as an important entry point for sociolinguistic research. This paper systematically reviews existing research findings, focusing on the motivational mechanisms and sociocultural background that may give rise to phonetic variation.

In order to address the challenge brought by artificial intelligence in traditional English teaching, we analyze the major challenges and problems faced by English teaching in the artificial intelligence environment. Based on practical teaching conditions, we put forward coping strategies from the perspectives of teachers, students, classroom teaching, categorized training, curriculum culture and usage specifications. By adopting these strategies in English teaching, the data reveal that the integration of AI has exerted positive impacts on teacher development, student growth, teaching modes, teaching resources and teaching effectiveness. The study shows that AI instructional design developed based on practical conditions and the integration of AI technologies and tools into teaching activities can exert positive effects.

This study investigates the relationship between strategic leadership, employee performance, and the mediating role of employee engagement at Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) in Enugu State, Nigeria. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through surveys and interviews with 200 employees across various departments. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between strategic leadership and employee performance, mediated by high levels of employee engagement. The findings revealed that engaged employees demonstrate a 30% increase in performance metrics compared to their disengaged counterparts. Furthermore, strategic leadership practices, such as clear communication and supportive management, were found to enhance engagement levels among employees. The study underscores the importance of strategic leadership in fostering an environment conducive to employee engagement, ultimately leading to improved organizational performance.

Tooth shade selected by the instrument method needs visual validation (hybrid method). Many studies have compared tooth shades selected by different instruments with the visual method, but no information exists on the agreement between shades selected by the Tooth Colour Comparator (Model YS-TCC-A) and the visual method. This study aimed to determine whether the shade selected by TCC substantially agrees with the visual method. This cross-sectional study included 150 indigenous people from the Ogoni ethnic group in Rivers State, Nigeria. We screened out individuals with poor oral hygiene or any anomaly that could affect tooth shade selection, and we used TCC to determine each participant's tooth shade on the mid-labial surface of the upper right central incisor. The tooth shade assessors were three experienced dentists with a satisfactory record of providing aesthetic dental services and were purposively selected. At least two of the assessors must agree on the shade selected, and it should be satisfactory to the participant. The Vita 3D-Master shade guide was used for both digital and visual methods, following standard protocol. Cohen’s Kappa statistic was used to analyse the data. The kappa value was 0.23, suggesting fair agreement (0.21-0.40), and the p-value was statistically significant, indicating the estimated kappa was not due to chance. This study found fair, not substantial, agreement in selected shades between TCC and the visual method.

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