Background: Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy requiring lifelong monitoring and treatment. Traditional face-to-face clinic visits can pose challenges including long waiting times, transportation difficulties, and increasing service demands. Tele-glaucoma and virtual glaucoma clinics have emerged as innovative service delivery models aimed at improving access, efficiency, and patient satisfaction. Purpose: To synthesize and critically appraise evidence on patient satisfaction and experiences with tele‑glaucoma and virtual glaucoma clinic models, and to identify factors influencing their acceptability. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted using predefined terms related to tele‑glaucoma, virtual eye care, and patient‑reported experiences in glaucoma. Reference lists of included articles were hand‑searched. Eligible studies evaluated satisfaction, perceptions, or experiences of adults with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, or glaucoma‑suspect status receiving care through tele‑glaucoma, virtual clinics, remote monitoring, shared medical appointments, or related digital interventions. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using design‑appropriate tools. Results: Of 225 records identified, seven primary studies specifically assessed tele‑glaucoma or virtual glaucoma services within a broader review of 27 studies on glaucoma care satisfaction. All were conducted in high‑income settings (United Kingdom, United States, Finland) and were mainly cross‑sectional surveys, clinical audits, or pilot projects. Interventions included full virtual clinics with technician‑led testing and asynchronous specialist review, small‑scale tele‑glaucoma pilots, shared medical appointments, educational interventions, and appointment/SMS reminder systems. Across studies, satisfaction with tele‑glaucoma and virtual models was high (typically >85%), with many patients rating care as equivalent or superior to traditional clinics and expressing willingness to reuse or recommend services. Key positive drivers were convenience, structured scheduling, confidence in trained non‑physician staff, and clear specialist oversight. Negative themes included inadequate explanation of results and prognosis, limited direct physician interaction, and communication concerns. Conclusions: Tele‑glaucoma and virtual glaucoma clinics are generally well accepted and can achieve satisfaction comparable to in‑person care when supported by robust education, clear communication pathways, and reliable technician‑led data collection with visible specialist involvement. Further research using standardized outcome measures and more diverse settings is needed to optimize patient‑centred tele‑glaucoma models.

This research work focused on the variability of global solar radiation over the area of extension site which is situated in Federal Polytechnic Oko, Orumba North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. (6°20'N. 7U00'E) which was located in South Eastern part of Nigeria for the month of December 2016. The global solar radiation was measured every thirty minutes from 6:00am to 6:00pm for the period of five days. To measure the intensity of solar radiation in a particular geographical area is one of the necessary tools used for the investigation of the intensity of solar power radiation and necessary for the implementation of photovoltaic systems in that particular geographical area. To determine the solar radiation intensity, data were collected over a given period of days using an instrument called solarimeter. Solarimeter is an instrument used to determine the intensity or thermal radiation and photovoltaic principles of the sun in a particular geographical area. The data collected were analyzed to observe the behavior or the data and what the data portrays. The data were analyzed using radial plot, line plot, scatter plot main effect, correlations and probability plots. From the analysis, it was observed that the Sun radiation is highest from around 12 noon to 2 pm of the day time and lowest around 6AM to 7AM in the morning hours and around 6 PM in the evenings of 6th to 10th February, 2017. The high intensity is as a result of high atmospheric temperature in the area. The correlations of the intensity and the temperature reveals that they are correlated to each other. The probability plots show that the exponential probability plots are more significance than normal probability plots. The result shows the intensity of the sun light is high in afternoon and lower in the early hours of mornings and late hours of evenings. The average solar intensity of extension site in Federal Polytechnic Oko, is 356,644w/m2. The result will help in positioning solar panels, in order to determine the efficiency of solar panel, being critical in the selection of solar panels that will be necessary and more effective in that particular geographical area.

Downward Longwave Radiation (DLR) plays a crucial role in sustaining the temperature of the Earth’s surface and is vital for maintaining the planet’s energy equilibrium. In this study, eight different emissivity equations were utilized to estimate DLR models and to investigate which is more suitable for evaluating DLR in Ikeja, when statistically tested using five validation indices of Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), t-statistic and Index of Agreement (IA). The impact of some meteorological parameters on DLR was investigated. The data used were obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for a period of 39 years (1984 to 2022), the meteorological parameters are monthly average temperature, relative humidity (RH), DLR and Global Solar Radiation (GSR). Findings indicated that Ikeja recorded its highest value of DLR in April with 425.6915 Wm-2, and its lowest value was in January with 406.2774 Wm-2. The Kruk et al. model was found more accurate for evaluating DLR in Ikeja, indicating that in the absence of measured DLR data, Kruk et al. model is highly recommended for estimating DLR in Ikeja. As the temperature is low during the rainy season, the DLR is high and as the temperature is high during the dry season, the DLR is low. The DLR and RH are high during the rainy season and low during the dry season. The average DLR and GSR values obtained were found to be 418.1707 Wm-2 and 195.5164 Wm-2 respectively, this indicate that the DLR values are twice as much as the GSR during the period under investigation.

Despite the punishment meted on rape offenders and the creation of sexual offenders’ register in some states of the federation in Nigeria, most accused persons damn the consequences of their actions by continuously committing the offence with impunity without considering the deleterious effect of their sinister action on their victims, and the society at large. Rape is the most serious sexual offence that is characterised with unpleasant experiences such as stigmatisation, anxiety, unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted disease, trauma, depression and even death. This study examined the concept of rape, factors responsible for the offence of rape in Nigeria, legal framework on rape in Nigeria and alternatives punishment for rape offenders. This study found that castration is the most appropriate punishment that deters the offender and the public from engaging in the heinous crime called rape. The study adopted doctrinal research methodology, it was descriptive and analytical in nature. It relied on primary sources of data such as statutes, case law, conventions and secondary sources of data such as textbooks, articles in journals, periodicals, online materials among others. The study concluded that rape has done no good to the victims and society and there is a need to frantically tackle same in Nigeria by finding effective solution that would serve as effective deterrence to future offenders. The study recommended castration as alternative punishment to life imprisonment for rape offenders in Nigeria.

Kebbi state is a region in Northern Nigeria blessed with reasonable resources potentials of both solar and wind energy, but faced with lot of crises of energy supply and distributions due to improper distribution network as results of systems collapse and inadequate utilization of the renewable energy resources such as wind and Solar. This study assesses wind and solar resources in three selected locations of Kebbi state (Argungu, Jega, and Yauri) from the three different senatorial districts across the state using NASA POWER data from 2000 to 2022 and the HOMER optimisation tool, a hybrid renewable system was created for a rural community. The goal was to keep the Net Present Cost (NPC) and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) as low as possible while keeping the capacity deficit below 1%. The solar resource assessment shows a lot of promise. The average global horizontal irradiance ranges from 4.80 to 5.68 kWh/m²/day in Yauri and from 5.30 to 5.88 kWh/m2/day in Argungu and Jega 5.30 to 5.88 kWh/m²/day in Argungu and Jega. The wind resources are not too good, average speeds at 50 m height are between 2.83 and 3.17 m/s for all the selected locations. The results of the optimisation show that a PV-battery-converter hybrid system being the best option for all the selected locations. Wind turbines aren’t the best because they don’t work well in low wind speeds. The study revealed that solar PV-battery systems are a technically feasible and cost-effective way to deploy electricity to rural areas in Kebbi State. This gives policymakers and investors a data-driven way to use decentralized renewable energy as compliment to the national grid.

The formulation of advanced metalworking fluids (MWFs) relies heavily on the precise selection and integration of organic friction modifiers to optimize the tribological performance of machining operations. This paper investigates the complex structure-property relationships governing organic friction modifiers, focusing on their chemical architecture and subsequent boundary film formation across diverse metallurgical substrates. By synthesizing insights from experimental tribology and advanced data-driven modeling techniques, this study proposes a comprehensive, hypothetical framework designed to evaluate and predict the frictional behavior of various fluid formulations on distinct metal surfaces. The structural components of the modifiers, notably their polar anchoring groups and non-polar aliphatic chains, are analyzed in the context of their competitive adsorption and reaction dynamics. Ultimately, this research bridges the gap between empirical friction studies and autonomous, machine-learning-driven materials discovery, offering a predictive methodology to tailor MWFs for specific ferrous and non-ferrous applications while mitigating traditional trial-and-error bottlenecks.

Man has always sought to understand his own place with the scheme of creation and purpose of life itself. Al- Quran the main source of guidance and faith is a book for all mankind. It is a book with complete code of life and instruction for all mankind and is last and final revelation of God. To attribute the presence of scientific facts in the Quran is to coincidence would be again common sense and a true scientific approach. The scientific origin of Quran clearly proves its Divine origin. It is fact that no human being could have produced a book fourteen hundred years ago, that would contain scientific facts to be discovered and observed by mankind centuries later.