The shift from secondary level to tertiary level marks an important phase in a student’s academic and personal life. This study investigates the various challenges faced by first-year university students, commonly known as freshers. This study utilized both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, encompassing questionnaires, interviews, and observations, to identify the primary challenges encountered by students in their initial university experience. The study's findings indicate that freshmen face various social, emotional, academic, and financial difficulties, including homesickness, language barriers, adjustment to new learning styles, and financial stress. A lot of students also felt mental anxiety, feelings of inferiority, and trouble with time management and communication. This study underscores the necessity for supportive measures from university administrations, encompassing counseling services, pedagogical approaches, and equitable treatment for all students. If these issues are properly addressed, universities can ensure a more welcoming environment for freshers; additionally, it will create a smoother shift to higher education and promote their academic and personal development.

Nanoparticles and metals increasingly intersect with biological systems, demanding biomarkers that are mechanistically informative, field-deployable, and interpretable across species. Framed within a One-Health perspective, this literature review synthesizes evidence on the nano–bio interface from molecular to ecosystem scales. We first situate exposure pathways, environmental fate, and bioavailability highlighting agglomeration, protein corona dynamics, dissolution/redox cycling, and uptake routes that condition internal doses. We then map mechanistic cascades (oxidative stress, immune modulation, genotoxic/epigenetic regulation, tissue injury/repair) onto Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to clarify where biomarker families read out along the continuum from initiating events to organismal and population effects. Assay domains are examined comparatively: enzymatic/biochemical markers (e.g., CAT, SOD, GPx, LPO), miRNA and broader omics (transcriptomic/proteomic/metabolomic pathways), histopathology and digital pathology, behavioral/physiological endpoints, and environmental DNA (eDNA) biosurveillance. Cross-taxa synthesis spans aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates, amphibians/reptiles, and birds/mammals, distilling concordance/discordance patterns among endpoints and contexts. For multimodal inference, we review Weight-of-Evidence, multivariate panel construction (PCA/PLS/clustering), and probabilistic/Bayesian fusion with attention to calibration and uncertainty. Quality and standards are emphasized (controls, effect sizes, MIQE/FAIR/GLP elements) alongside nano/metal-specific interferences and key confounders (life stage, genotype, co-stressors, matrix effects, particle traits/metal speciation). Applications span aquaculture health, wildlife conservation, environmental compliance, and translational/clinical monitoring. We identify critical gaps—chronic low-dose and mixture exposures, under-studied taxa/ecosystems, longitudinal field realism—and propose minimal core panels for lab screening and field deployment, plus a staged roadmap for method harmonization, reference materials, and open data resources. Collectively, the review outlines a path to robust, cross-taxa biomarker architectures that strengthen nanotoxicology inference and One-Health decision-making.

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This study investigates the linguistic practices of the queer community in Delta State, Nigeria, focusing on the morph-semantic features of its language. Using qualitative methods including interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions, and WhatsApp chat analysis the research identifies lexical items peculiar to the LGBT community and examines the processes of word formation and semantic variation. Drawing on Laurie Bauer’s morphological productivity theory, the study uncovers innovative morphological structures and semantic shifts reflecting identity, secrecy, and solidarity. Findings reveal that queer language in Delta State exhibits high morphological productivity, incorporating affixation, clipping, compounding, and borrowing. Many lexical items have no direct equivalents in Standard English and exhibit meanings accessible only to insiders. The research underscores the intersection of language, identity, and marginalization in sociolinguistic discourse and contributes to the documentation of underexplored Nigerian linguistic varieties.

This paper explores the perceptions of undergraduate English literature students in Northern Bangladesh concerning the improvement of their soft skills through academic experiences. The paper mainly focuses on five core fields: presentation skills, technological skills, leadership skills, job searching skills, and CV writing skills. A mixed-method research approached is used to conduct the research. The quantitative data is collected through a structured survey among 300 participants and the qualitative data is collected through open-ended interviews with 50 participants. All the respondents are from 3 private universities, 2 public universities and 2 colleges under national university in northern Bangladesh. The results reveal that though students of the private university get moderate help from the university on the development of their soft skills, public university and especially national university students do not get much assistance on their soft skills development.

Thermal regeneration of spent commercial granular activated carbon was done sequentially after batch adsorption studies to check the adsorptive capacities of the carbon after four (4) circles of regeneration. Characterization of the adsorbents was carried out instrumentally using FTIR, SEM, and PXRD. Characterization parameters such as burn off 25.06% (CGAC) and 6.498% for (RGAC), bulk density 0.58 g/cm3 for (CGAC) and 0.68 g/cm3 for (RGAC), Moisture contents 0.074 and pH 7.0. Attrition 36.24% (CGAC) and 88.92 % (RGAC), Conductivity 1422 µs/cm (CGAC) and 13.85 µs/cm (RGAC). Stock solution of 1000 ppm was prepared; the experimental solution was prepared by using dilution formula to calculate the exact amount of the stock needed to dilute with distilled water to obtain 10,20,30,40, and 50 ppm working standards. 20cm3 of each working standards of Congo red solution were interacted with 1.0 g of the commercial granular activated carbon in a separate glass flask capped with foil. The maximum adsorption capacity after four circles of thermal regeneration, is approximately 81% overall. Batch adsorption study was carried out to study the effect of experimental variables. (pH, Initial concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature). The equilibrium study for the sorption of Congo red was investigated using Langmuir, Freundlich, DubininRadushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. The linearity of the Langmuir isotherm models (R2 value of 0.9909 for CGAC, 0.9869 for RGAC), Freundlich isotherm model R2 was CGAC (0.9295), RGAC (0.8794), Temkin isotherm model (R2 CGAC (0.7837), RGAC (0.8076), and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model RGAC (0.7829), CGAC (0.7322) were obtained from their various plots. Langmuir seems to have the best fit having its R2 values very close to 1 follow by Freundlich isotherm model. The efficiency in removal of Congo red using the regenerated adsorbent and commercial activated carbon at 95% confidence interval shows that there is no statistically significant difference. This implied that regeneration of adsorbents after use is of economic advantage to curb cost in solving the problem of textile effluents decolorization.

This study tiled “Fostering a Culture of Well-being and Civility: Pathways to Enhance Staff Retention and Improved Patient Outcomes in Nursing” aimed to explore how well-being and civility initiatives influence nurse engagement, retention, and patient outcomes within the Executive Nursing Affairs of Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC)-Ministry of Defense (MSD). Using a mixed methods descriptive correlational design, the study employed the Nursing Retention & Recognition Committee (NRCC) bilingual (Englisg-Arabic) questionaire as the main research intrument to measure nurses’ perceptions of workplace well-being, civility, engagement, and retention. Institutional data from the Nursing Retention & Recognition Committee (NRCC) covering 2022 to 2025 were also analyzed to validat the results and strengthen the interpretation. The findings revealed that PSMMC demosntates a strong commitment to fostering well-being and civility through effective recognition programs, empowerment opportunities, and initiatives promotion mutual respect. The extent of implementation of these initiatives was rated high (Mean=4.05), reflecting strong organizational support and leadership engagement. Nurse engagement and satisfaction were also moderately high (Mean=3.95), largely influenced by teamwork, morale, and professional fulfillment. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship (r = 0.74, p  0.05) between well-being and civility initiatives and staff retention. Regression analysis futher inidcated that improved well-being and civility significantly enhance patience outcomes (=0.62, p 0.05), particularly in quality of care and satisfaction. The results affirm PSMMC’s leadership excellence in nurturing a professional, respectful, and supportive nursing environment. Continuous evaluation, mentorship for newly hired nurses, and sustained recognition initiatives are recommended to strenghthen engagement and retention. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that cultivating a culture of well-being and civility is vital for promoting workforce stability and achieving excellence in patient care.