The burden of infectious diseases by bacteria and fungi had constituted a great concern to the entire human population. Calliandra portoricensis (Fabaceae) had been widely used over the years in ethnomedicine for the; treatment of various ailments such as swollen gum, tooth and throat inflammation often associated with microbial infections. At present, no active antimicrobial compound has been reported from this specie. The aim of this research was to identify, isolate and characterize the antimicrobial compounds from the root of C. portoricensis. The pulverized root sample (0.8 Kg) was extracted by successive cold maceration respectively for 72 hr.. The most bioactive ethyl acetate extract (4.61 gm) was subjected to chromatographic column fractionation (Silica Gel G, 200-400 mesh-stationary phase). Gradient mixtures of n-hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol (4:0:0; 3:1:0; 2:2:0; 1:3:0; 0:1:0; 0:3:1; 0:2:2; 0:1:3; 0:0:4; – v/v/v) were used for elution. Agar well diffusion method was adopted for the bioassays susceptibility tests and MIC determinations. Clinically viable human pathogens for the tests were; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococus fecalis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Two major fractions (FA and FB) active against the test organisms were pooled The more active fraction FB on further purification by preparative TLC (Silica Gel G, 0.5 mm thickness), yielded bioactive pure commands C1 (9 mg) and C2 (8 mg). Both compounds exhibited MIC values of 125.00±0.70 µg per ml against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger These activities were found to be quite significant with respect to the reference controls (Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole) at P < 0.05. Characterization of C1 and C2 by spectroscopic analysis (UV, MS, FT – IR and NMR), identified two novel compounds as Cassane - type tricyclic diterpenoids. C1 (Molecular Mass: 324, C20 H36 O3) is (5,10- 8,9- 12,13)-seco- 4,4,10 – trimethyl, 14 – hydroxymethyl, 16 – keto, 13(15) – ene – cassane furanoditerpene and compound C2 (Molecular Mass: 418, C24 H34 O6) is (12,13) – seco - 12, 14 – epoxy, 12(16) -Oxo –,13(15), 16(17) – diene, 4, 10, 17 – trimethyl, 4, 7 – di – aceto cassanoate. Similar Cassane - type diterpenoids have been reported for promising antimicrobial properties.

The new bidentate Schiff base ligand (E)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-(1-(2-isonicotinoylhydrazono)ethyl)phenyl)acetamide (LH) and its Cu(II), Co(II), Th(IV) and Zr(IV) complexes have been synthesized by the conventional method. Compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, FAB-Mass, molar conductivities, magnetic measurements, electronic spectra, ESR and thermal analysis. Analytical data suggested 1:2 (metal: ligand) mole ratio for all the complexes. The low molar conductance values of the metal complexes in DMSO reveal their non-electrolytic nature. From the observed data of magnetic moment and electronic spectra, the six coordinated structures for all the complexes, have been proposed. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the complexes lose hydrated and/or coordinated water molecules in the first step; followed by decomposition of ligand moiety in the further steps leading to formation of stable oxide. The antibacterial screening results also indicate that the metal complexes are good antibacterial agents as compared to the Schiff base.

Background: Metabolic syndrome describes the co-occurrence of central adiposity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, lipid abnormalities and other metabolic changes that increase risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, renal diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a substantial increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is partly related to low HDL-C level. This multi-system condition has adverse effects on many organs, the liver being one of them. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease appears to be the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the burden of chronic liver disease world-wide. Objective: To find out the Association of Low HDL of NAFLD Patients With or Without Metabolic Syndrome. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study which was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. 250 patients age above 20 years nonalcoholic both male and female were included for the study. All patients were interviewed by structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0 for windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: Among 250 respondents a total of 67(26.8%) cases were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome and out of the 67 metabolic syndrome patients 23(34.33%) were male and 44(65.67%) were female. Out of the 23 male metabolic syndrome patients 9(39.13%) were diagnosed as NAFLD and out of the 44 female metabolic syndrome patients 16(36.36%) were diagnosed as NAFLD. Out of the 53 NAFLD patient’s 25 patients were presented with metabolic syndrome and 28 patients were without metabolic syndrome. Patients of NAFLD with metabolic syndrome presented with low HDL in 16(64%) cases. The difference was significant for high-density lipoprotein and waist circumference (p<0.05) between metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome patients. Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that the proportion of NAFLD significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients compare to non-metabolic syndrome patients and metabolic syndrome is higher in female compare to male. The results of this study indicate that central obesity and dyslipidemia, with low HDL cholesterol, are important associates of NAFLD in patients.

Introduction: Incidence of dengue infection has increased around the world in recent decades and has become a major international public health concern. Early diagnosis is essential and clinical suspicion is based on the frequency of symptoms in the population. The exact clinical profile is important for management and prognosis. Objective: This study is an attempt to describe the Clinical Characteristics & Observation of Hospitalized Cases of Dengue Fever: A Study in Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was undertaken in the Paediatrics Dept. in Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh (July -October 2018). NS1 antigen and IgM dengue antibody-positive cases were included. These patients were admitted with fever, myalgia, headache, vomiting, abdominal pain or bleeding manifestations. NS1 antigen and IgM dengue antibody was estimated using capture ELISA. The diagnosis of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome was based on the WHO (World Health Organization) criteria. Results: The study enrolled 101 patients of suspected dengue fever of whom 51 (50.49%) were serologically confirmed to have dengue infection. 28 (55.0%) patients were males and 23 (45.0%) were females. 38 (37.62%) patients had classic dengue fever while 12 (11.88%) fulfilled the criteria of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Of those patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever, 6 patients had developed dengue shock syndrome. Conclusion: Dengue presents as a highly unspecific illness and is hardly recognized as a clinical entity by primary health care physicians. Dengue infection can have potentially fatal consequences, and to date, vector control methods to prevent the spread of the virus have been unsuccessful. Although there are promising vaccine candidates in development, further studies are required for a greater understanding of the humoral immune responses to Dengue infection and observation disease pathogenesis.

We report a case of evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma complicated by the occurrence of an epidural hematoma; we discuss the mechanisms that lead to such complication. Eighty-year-old patient admitted in emergency that underwent surgery to evacuate a chronic subdural hematoma. After the evacuation, an epidural hematoma complication was noticed. Several mechanisms have been described by many authors to explain the occurrence of epidural hematomas. The rapid evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma may be the cause or burr hole that is not performed in the parietal bone can it is mandatory to follow some measures to minimize the risk of developing an epidural hematoma that results in the evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma.

In the developing countries, diabetes has become one of the most indicating public health challenges. It imposes a big economic impact on the society. The Bangladeshi people hardly understand the risk factors that causes diabetes. This study mainly aims to explore the potential risk factors behind this disease through some popular statistical analysis approaches. In this regard, a field survey was conducted on the diabetes patients in Dhaka city. The analysis involves binary logistic regression, negative binomial regression, and multinomial logistic regression model according to the nature of the data. The variables family history, height, weight, gender, age, food with high cholesterol, no exercise, taking alcohol/cigarettes, hypertension, and eye problem are found significant in this study. In addition, the count data related to the number of time(s) a patient checks blood glucose level is also analyzed and interpreted. From the overall findings, the study suggests to become extra careful of the disease who have already diabetes patient(s) in the family. Increased height and losing weight have good advantages to reduce the risk of diabetes. Avoiding high cholesterol food and cigarettes/alcohol is a wise decision in this regard. The lower risk of diabetes depends on regular exercising and controlling hypertension. The adults and the obese people are more serious of checking their blood glucose level. Educated persons are also careful of this matter. Since most of the risk factors for diabetes are preventable, efforts should be taken by the Government to better understand of these factors to the public.

Catharanthus roseus is an important evergreen medicinal herb of Apocynacea family used mainly for treatment of cancer and diabetics. The plant was 1 m in height and commercially grown widely in India, Australia, Africa and Southern Europe. Alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine, flavonoids and phenolic are the main components of plant. The plant exhibits various biological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic and wound healing. In the present study we have tried to collect traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of plant. This study should be used to understand the health promoting properties of this multipurpose plant and it may also provide clues for discovery of new lead compound of pharmaceutical importance.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the kidney, and accurate preoperative diagnosis is critical for treatment planning. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is frequently used for RCC diagnosis, but its correlation with histopathological findings is not fully explored, especially in Bangladeshi patients. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between CT scan findings and histopathological diagnosis in RCC. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka, from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. A total of 150 patients diagnosed with RCC based on CT scans and confirmed by nephrectomy and histopathological analysis were included. CT scans were assessed for tumor size, morphology, necrosis, calcifications, and lymph node involvement. Histopathological diagnoses were compared with preoperative CT findings to evaluate diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and concordance. Results: Among the 150 patients, 68.7% had clear cell RCC, and 59.3% of tumors showed solid masses with necrosis on CT. The concordance rate between CT scans and histopathology was 92%, with false positive and false negative rates of 4% and 2.7%, respectively. Tumor size greater than 4 cm was observed in 78.7% of cases, and 28% of patients had lymph node involvement. Conclusion: CT scans demonstrated a high correlation with histopathological findings in RCC diagnosis. This supports the use of CT scan as an accurate tool for preoperative assessment, aiding in treatment decisions.

Background: Anxiety and delayed recovery are common challenges after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Preoperative counseling may improve perioperative outcomes by reducing psychological distress and promoting recovery. This study evaluated the role of preoperative counseling in reducing anxiety, alleviating postoperative pain, stabilizing hemodynamic parameters, and shortening hospital stay in CABG patients. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from January 2015 to June 2015. Fifty patients scheduled for elective CABG were enrolled, with 25 assigned to the counseling group and 25 to the control group (routine care). Anxiety was assessed using the State Anxiety Questionnaire, pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), hemodynamics were monitored perioperatively, and hospital stay was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS-19. Results: Baseline demographics were comparable between groups. Postoperative anxiety scores were significantly lower in the counseling group (41.44 ± 4.73) compared with controls (56.20 ± 3.30, p<0.001). VAS pain scores were consistently lower in the counseling group across postoperative days 0–4, with the greatest difference on POD 2 (2.92 vs. 3.96). Counseling also contributed to a more stable heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the counseling group (10.56 ± 0.50 vs. 12.68 ± 0.74 days, p<0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative counseling reduces postoperative anxiety and pain, enhances hemodynamic stability, and shortens recovery after CABG. Incorporating counseling into routine care may improve surgical outcomes.