In recent times, there is an explosion of cosmetic procedures in the world. Nigerians have been going out of the country for these procedures. No study has been done to find out the likelihood of Nigerians to accept these developing procedures. The study is aimed at evaluating the factors that influence the acceptance of cosmetic procedures in South-South, Nigeria. A simple random sampling of 280 undergraduate students of the University of Calabar using questionnaires to evaluate the factors that influence the acceptance of cosmetic surgery in the region. The correspondents demographic data, the socio-cultural factors, economic status, personal self- rating of physical attractiveness, self esteem, personal experience with somebody who had undergone cosmetic surgery, cost and the willingness to undergo cosmetic surgery in the future were all assessed. A descriptive statistical analysis of data was used to evaluate the study. The respondents reported greater dissatisfaction with their body image, the influence of media, socio-cultural influence on physical appearance as the leading factors that influence the non clinical client population to undergo cosmetic procedures. Women reported greater likelihood of undergoing cosmetic surgery. Cost and religion did not have significant influence. The factors that influence the acceptance of cosmetic procedures among our people are multi-factorial. However, the dissatisfaction of the body image, socio-cultural factors, media and their personal experiences with people who had undergone cosmetic surgery was the motivating factors for the acceptance of cosmetic surgeries in the sub-region .It therefore, becomes necessary for the cosmetic surgeons in Nigeria to put in place suitable institutions to perform and improve on this practice.

We present the lower eyelid reconstruction using prelaminated nasolabial skin flap in a 28- year old albino, who presented with medial third lower eyelid lesion with a histopathologically proven basosquamous carcinoma. When dealing with skin cancers of the eyelid, it could involve partial and full thickness excision. The excised tissues should be replaced. The eyelid ulcer was excised, with histogically free margin of 3mm but the medial canthus was spared. There was no injury to the nasolacrimal duct. The excised defect measured 28mm by 19mm of the medial lower eyelid. In the first stage of the reconstruction, a turn over proximally based nasolabial flap was raised and stitched to the excised margin of the lower eyelid. The flap was prelaminated with skin graft taken from the upper medial aspect of the thigh which was hairless. The graft had 100% take and after two weeks, the nasolabial flap was divided and inset. There was satisfactory graft and flap survival. About 8 weeks after the second staged surgery , the nasolabial flap was defatted and a functionally as well as aesthetically acceptable eyelid to the patient was achieved .The use of prelaminated nasolabial flap is a good option in the lower medial third eyelid reconstruction .

Costello Syndrome (CS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by a wide range of cardiac, musculoskeletal, dermatological, developmental and dental abnormalities. Intraoral, enamel defects, delayed eruption and malocclusion, are the most common findings. We report the case of a three-year-old girl who was referred to the pediatric dentistry department of hospital la Rabta (Tunisia). It exhibited many of the dental manifestations of CS as well as general abnormalities. In our early treatment approach, the anterior teeth which presented enamel defect were restored with composite resin to adjust the incisor shape and improve esthetics and chewing function.

With an objective to develop some potent, novel and less side effect having antitubercular agents here we have synthesized a series of substituted/ unsubstituted 2-phenyl tetrahydroquinoline derivatives (IIa-g). These were obtained by the reaction between substituted 2-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 4- tetrahydroquinoline and sulphur in acetonitrile. Structure of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of physico-chemical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass). All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antitubercular activity using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method. Among the synthesized compounds II b, II e and II g have shown significant antitubercular activity.

The main objective of the work was to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicities of the combinated of aqueous extracts of the bark trunk of Musanga cecropioides and the fruit of Combretum micranthum. The respective extraction yields of 12% and 3.6% were obtained for Combretum micranthum and Musanga cecropioides. Tests of alkaloids, sterols, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, reducing sugars, tannins were positive with at least one solvent while those of anthraquinones and anthocyanins were negative, with all solvents whatever the species considered. At the end of the fourteen days of study of the acute toxicity, no abnormality of the studied parameters was observed, except for the aggressiveness of the rats, during the first five days. Most parameters varied in different groups during the subacute toxicity study. The values of blood biochemical and hematological parameters of the rats fluctuated sometimes. The study pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo would allow the development of medicinal products based on these medicinal plants.

Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which acts as an analgesic and antipyretic drug. This research work was aimed at demonstrating the effects of oral administration of indomethacin on some biochemical parameters in plasma of male wistar albino rats. Each of the 15 male wistar albino rats in experimental group one was given 2mg/kg of indomethacin capsule daily for two weeks while the other 15 male wistar albino rats in the experimental group two were given 2mg/kg each of indomethacin daily for four weeks. However, the 15 male wistar albino rats in the control group were not administered with indomethacin. Five ml blood specimen was collected from each of the groups into lithium heparinized anticoagulated bottles respectively. The specimen was spun and the plasma obtained was used for the quantitative measurement of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine. The results revealed significant elevations (P<0.05) in the mean values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine in the male wistar albino rats administered orally with indomethacin for four weeks as compared to that of the control group. It was further revealed from the result that the mean values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine were not significantly elevated (P>0.05) in the rats administered with indomethacin for two weeks as compared to that of the control group. The elevated levels in the mean values of the rats orally administered with indomethacin for four weeks may suggest damage on their liver and kidney. It is therefore recommended that further histopathological examinations of these organs be carried out in order to ascertain the extent of damage.

Cefotaxime is a 3rd Generation Cephalosporin and mainly acts by binding to penicillin-binding proteins and inhibits final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis, resulting in cell-wall death; resists degradation by beta-lactamase; proper dosing and appropriate route of administration are determined by condition of patient, severity of infection, and susceptibility of microorganism. Indicated in the various conditions like Gonococcal Urethritis/Cervicitis, Gonorrhea, Rectal, Infections Caused by Susceptible Organisms, Prophylaxis of surgical infection. A child of 5 years old of male patient came to pediatrics department with chief complaints of seizures and admitted in pediatrics department-II and his treatment chart was phenytoin 100mg PO BD and valproic acid 200mg – 200 mg – 300 mg Po OD. During his second of treatment child developed fever of 1020F and to reduce the condition physician prescribed cefotaxime 500mg BD IV on 4th day of treatment child developed macular rash all over the body. Better vigilance is necessary for implementation of safe and effective treatment for each individual patient.in order to prevent serious adverse drug reactions of this drug,close monitoring drug treatment course, creating awareness, recognition of the problem and careful management of all the patients who receive medication are essential, because use of cefotaxime causes Colitis, Diarrhea, Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, Elevated hepatic transaminases, Eosinophilia, Fever, Injection site pain, Nausea, Pruritis, Rash, Thrombocytopenia, Transient neutropenia, Vomiting.

The retro-lunar carpal dislocations are often under-diagnosed in the emergency services by the lack of knowledge of the pathology. The modalities of taking care of the lunations are still discussed; if the surgical treatment is now unanimous because it alone can limit residual carpal instability, bone necrosis or osteoarthritis. Many remedial techniques have been proposed, although controversial, the authors agree that a maximalist open-minded attitude gives the best results. Our work presents the results of a retrospective series of 12 cases of retro-lunar carpal dislocations. We will discuss the epidemiology of this condition, the different types of lesions, therapeutic modalities.

The deleterious association of non-bone consolidation and septic complication is a therapeutic challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Tibial fractures are a source of high rates of nonunion and septic and cutaneous complications. Here we present the case of a 56-year-old patient with a history of vascular, cardiac and obstructive post-smoking bronchopneumopathy who presented septic pseudarthrosis of the left tibial pilon with cutaneous complications and whose treatment consisted of , initially in an induced membrane technique, associated with a cutaneous cover by a lateral fasciocutaneous flap of the thigh and an osteosynthesis by a Hexapodal external fixator type True Lock. During the second stage, the bone graft was removed by endomedullary boring of the contralateral femur using the device named Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator, and the stems of the external fixator were replaced by other rods allowing adjustment multiplicane and thus a gradual three-dimensional reduction as the consolidation progresses.

Hydroquinone (HQ) and clobetasol 17-propionate (17PC) are two medicinal agents commonly incorporated because of their skin bleaching properties into lightening cosmetics sold out in some sub-Saharan regions (Senegal, Togo, South Africa, Cameroon…). The aim of this study was to quantify these agents in lightening creams and body lotions marketed in Douala, the economic capital city of Cameroon. A preliminary investigation was carried out at the main cosmetics sales outlets (pharmacies, perfumeries and supermarkets) of the city, in order to come out the overall proportion of lightening cosmetics and to inventory the mainly bleaching agents listed as ingredients in these products. About forty lightening creams and body lotions were purchased and then analyzed in other to come out their respective hydroquinone and 17PC concentrations. The results have revealed a compliance rate of 79%, with 47.5% of the samples containing hydroquinone at a higher concentration than the one allowed in cosmetics (≤ 2%). Clobetasol 17-propionate, forbidden in cosmetics, has been identified in all the samples with 77.5% having a dosage above the 0.05% accepted medicinal creams, what may lead to systemic repercussions when used chronically.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is an uncommon skeletal disorder in which normal bone is replaced by abnormal fibro osseous tissue. Mainly, Fibrous Dysplasia is found in children, and by adulthood it usually becomes quiescent. Our case showed Fibrous dysplasia of 9-year-old female child with port wine stain on the right side of mid face since birth. Our evaluation was that growth in childhood had achieved the progressive stage. We presented all radiographic and clinical images of this case that emphasized the diagnosis of the disease.

Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of increased morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular accidents, and peripheral vascular diseases. Dyslipidemia is one of the important causes that result in atherosclerosis. The incidence of atherosclerosis has been on the rising recently. Therefore prevention of dyslipidemia can decrease the development of atherosclerosis. Aims: The study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of atorvastatin alone and its combination with omega-3 fatty acids in the management of hyperlipidemia in patients attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and General Medicine, Kakatiya Medical College and Hospital, Warangal. The patients were selected from those visiting General Medicine OPD and diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. Sixty patients in the age group of 20 – 70 yrs, were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. The Group I included the patients receiving Tab. Atorvastatin 10mg/day and Group II Atorvastatin 10mg/day plus Cap Omega-3 fatty acids 600mg/day for the duration of six months and follow up were done every month. Efficacy of treatment was assessed by the changes in laboratory parameters of Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C. Results: The efficacy of combination therapy i.e., Atorvastatin plus Omega-3 fatty acids showed a statistically significant rise in HDL cholesterol with the mean percentage difference of 4.24% when compared to monotherapy with Atorvastatin. The efficacy of other parameters like total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG'S) levels with the low dose of omega-3 fatty acids in combination therapy was not statistically significant and produced nearly identical alterations in serum lipoprotein levels when compared to monotherapy. Conclusion: Although statins are being used as first-line therapy for hyperlipidemia and in patients with elevated triglycerides. For patients with elevated LDL-C and low HDL-C combination therapy appears to be a better option. Thus omega-3 fatty acids may be a potential supplement for combination therapy apart from niacin and fibrates.

Normal-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method was developed for determination of Rapamycin, Temsirolimus Regio isomer (monoester) and Temsirolimus diester in Temsirolimus drug and pharmaceutical formulations. The separation was accomplished on YMC Pack SIL (250 x 4.6 mm, particle size 5μm) column under isocratic mode. The column oven temperature was set at 35° C and Auto sampler temperature used at 5°C. The mobile phase is a mixer of n-hexane, ethanol and trifluoroacetic acid in the ratio of 90:10:0.01 and PDA detector set at 280 nm used for detection. The retention times of Rapamycin, Temsirolimus peak, Temsirolimus monoester and Temsirolimus diester peaks are 12.29, 21.24, 33.11 and 51.91 min. respectively. The method has been fully validated and is linear. Results of analysis are validated statistically and by recovery studies. During the process development of Temsirolimus, three process impurities (Rapamycin. Temsirolimus monoester and Temsirolimus diester) are detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method offers advantages over using photodiode-array UV detection (LC-PDA) for the determination of peak purity, namely components with similar UV spectra can be distinguished, the molecular mass of the impurity can be determined, and structural data can be obtained by using LC-MS. The result of studies shows that the proposed normal phase-HPLC method is found to be precise, linear, accurate, rugged, selective, specific, and robust. Hence this method may be used for the routine analysis in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A simple, precise, and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the determination of fluoxetine level in human plasma using clomipramine as an internal standard (IS) was developed and validated. Plasma samples containing fluoxetine were spiked with the IS and extracted with hexane and iso-amyl alcohol (98:2,v:v) under alkaline condition. Extracted samples were kept at –80ºC for 10 minute then organic layers were transferred to clean tubes and dried under gentle steam of nitrogen at 40 °C. Residues were reconstituted in 200 µl of 0.05% phosphoric acid and 10 µl were injected in to the UPLC system. The compounds of interest were efficiently separated on 2.1 x 100 mm, Acuity UPLC, C18, steel column (at 30°C) and detected with a photodiode array detector set at 230 nm. The mobile phase consisted of water (pH= 2.4, adjusted with phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (68:32, v:v) and was delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/minute. No interference in blank plasma or by norfluoxetine or commonly used drugs was observed, and the detection limit of fluoxetine was 0.005 µg/ml. The relationship between fluoxetine concentration in plasma and peak height ratio of fluoxetine /IS was linear (R2 ≥ 0.985) in the range of 0.01 –1 µg/ml. Inter-day coefficient of variation and bias ≤ 13.0%, and < 9.4, respectively. Extraction recovery of fluoxetine and IS from plasma samples was ≥ 87%. Using the method, fluoxetine was found to be ≥ 85% and ≥ 89% stable in processed (24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at -20 °C) and unprocessed (24 hours at room temperature or 23 weeks at -20 °C) samples, respectively.

The volatile compound composition of food provides an indication of the benefits that this food can provide to the consumer. Thus the present study aimed at identifying the bioactive compounds present in formulated fermented diet made from 20% red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 60% mung bean (Vigna radiate), 10% irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), and 10% ripe fresh papaya (Carica papaya) fruits inoculated with different concentrations of Lactococcus lactis sp. (Lc. lactis sp.) strain using the Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The formulated diet consisted the control diet containing no lactic bacteria, diet 1 (1 × 106 CFU/ml), and diet 2 (2 × 106 CFU/ml). The results of the GC-MS revealed the presence of twenty volatile compounds in each diet. Five compounds namely Benzyl Alcohol; 2-propyl-1-pentanol; 1,3-diethyl benzene; 1-Tridecyn-4-ol; Phthalic acid, and cyclobutyl isobutyl ester were identified in all diets. Three volatile compounds namely Benzyl alcohol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, and 1,3-diethyl benzene were identified as the dominant compounds in control; whereas two (Phthalic acid, cyclobutyl isobutyl ester, (E)-9-Dodecenoic acid, methyl ester) and three more (9.12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) -, methyl ester, and Tetradecanoic acid, 10,13-dimethyl-, methyl ester) bioactive compounds were detected in diet 1 and diet 2 respectively. Benzyl alcohol was the principal dominant bioactive compound in all the diets. The present study indicates that inoculation and increasing in the concentration of lactic bacteria in diet led to the identification of 2 and 3 other major volatile compounds with biology activities which could be highly important in pharmacology and nutraceuticals.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the ethmoid sinus is very rare entity. The presenting symptoms are usually similar to those of benign inflammatory diseases. We report a case of a 50-year-old male patient who presented with acute onset progressive proptosis right periorbital swelling, redness and treated initially as periorbital cellulitis secondary to right maxillary and ethmoidal fungal sinusitis, but proven to have be a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the ethmoid sinus. HIV serology was negative. The patient was referred to the department of oncology where chemotherapeutic treatment for the lymphoma. We emphasize the importance of considering primary lymphoma of the ethmoid sinus in the differential diagnosis of periorbital cellulitis and refractory rhinosinusitis, to help in early diagnosis, which can improve prognosis.