DSM V has removed OCD from Anxiety disorder group and classified the disorders with similar clinical picture together under obsessive compulsive and related disorders (OCRD). The following disorders fall under this group. Obsessive compulsive disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder, Hoarding disorder, Trichotillomania, excoriation disorder, substance/ medication induced obsessive compulsive and related disorders. This study aims to assess sociodemographic factors, sex-specific occurrence of OCRD and psychiatric and neurodevelopmental comorbidities of OCRD in children attending a child guidance clinic of R.G Kar Medical college, Kolkata. The study has been done based on the register used to record the patient related data in the child guidance clinic. All cases aged up to 12 years of age, of both sexes, registered with any diagnosis under obsessive compulsive and related disorders from July, 2009 to June 2015 (6 years) were included in the study. Results and statistical analysis were done using SPSS 23. Total 684 cases attended the clinic. Of them number of children diagnosed with obsessive compulsive and related disorders was 48 (7.02%). Most patients were in the age group 8 – 12 years. In all age groups males were more in number than females. Among males most common disorder among Obsessive compulsive and related disorder was Tic Disorder (TD) and among female most common disorder was OCD (44.4%) and next was OCD with Tic disorder (33.3%). Most common comorbidity was Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Basidiomata of a Craterellus sp. were collected from Oaks forest, Swat, Pakistan. Based on morphology and molecular phylogeny, the specimens were identified as Craterellus cinereus. This is first record of occurrence of this genus from Pakistan.

Excess free-radical formation has been hypothesized to contribute to cancer, atherosclerosis, aging, and exercise-associated muscle damage. Antioxidant supplements such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene have been touted as beneficial for enhancing exercise performance and for preventing certain diseases. Before physicians routinely recommend supplements to prevent exercise-associated damage, more study will be required. Recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer are more complex. Because study results have been contradictory, individual supplement recommendations must be offered with caution. Physicians must be cognizant of which supplements patients are taking and be prepared to discuss risks and benefits. The most beneficial prescription is probably a daily diet containing five to seven servings of fruits and vegetables..Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed

Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium that affects humans and causes several syndromes and infections with fast evolution which can endanger the patient's life. Investigate the incidence of nasal carriers of S. aureus among graduation nursing students who attends to the hospital for at least one year. 122 samples from the nasal cavities were analyzed. The identification of the bacteria was performed by conventional bacteriological methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the BioMerieux Vitek system in the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Brazilian Army Biology Institute - IBEx. Of the 122 examined students, 51 were carriers of S. aureus, corresponding to a prevalence of 41.8%. The results demonstrated that nursing students who attend the hospital environment are more susceptible to carry S. aureus antibiotic-resistant strains. We suggest periodic medical exams to these students for appropriated antibiotic therapy and adopt precautionary measures in order to avoid the interpersonal transmission of the bacteria in the relationship with health professionals and patients at the hospital environment

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly referred to as a “sugar” and it is the most common endocrine disorder and usually occurs when there is deficiency or absence of insulin or rarely, impairment of insulin activity (insulin resistance). The powdered leaves phoenix dactylifera was extracted with 400ml of 70 % v/v of ethanol and water for 5 hour in soxhelet. Alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg/kg injected intraperitonally for induction of diabetes mellitus. The extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves was subjected to anti-diabetic activity in rats. Group-IV & Group-V received the ethanolic & aqueous extract of phoenix dactylifera leaves(500mg/kg) shown a marked reduction in blood glucose level on day 4th i.e. in ethanolic extract it was 284.76±mg/dl while in aqueous extract it was 264.76±6.65. On 10th day of study the glucose level falls up to 264.40±7.72 in ethanolic extract rat & 254.05±9.18 in aqueous extract. The results of the present study indicate that Phoenix dactylifera leaf extract was found to reduce the glucose level in animals made diabetic with alloxan. In the present investigation ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaf showed significant anti-diabetic activity

Calcitonin is a sensitive tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer and is useful in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative surveillance for recurrent disease. Rare cases of medullary carcinomas with a normal or undetectable calcitonin levels have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with a metastatic thyroid carcinoma non-secreting calcitonin

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are at the rapidly developed field of nanotechnology with a few potential applications in drug delivery, clinical medication and research, and additionally in other distorted sciences. Because of their small size-subordinate properties, lipid nanoparticles offer the likelihood to grow new therapeutics. The capacity to loaded drugs into nanocarriers offers another model in drug delivery that could be utilized for optional and tertiary levels of drug targeting on. Consequently, SLNs hold extraordinary advantage for achieving the objective of controlled and site specific drug delivery and henceforth have pulled in wide consideration of analysts. The current review describes the role of solid lipid nanoparticles on the pharmacokinetics of poorly soluble antihypertensive drugs. In the event that suitably examined, solid lipid nanoparticles may open new areas in treatment of hypertension with improved oral delivery

India is a tropical country where skin diseases like fungal infections, pyoderma, acne, scabies etc. are very common. A large number of dermatological preparations are available in Indian market but studies on the price variation between commonly used topical brands are lacking. Hence the present study was carried out to obtain information on the price variation among different brands of anti-infective, anti-acne & analgesic topical preparations present in India. Information about dosage forms and prices of different brands of commonly used topical preparations was obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties & Drug Update. Number of brands, percentage price variation, cost ratio etc for various drugs and combinations were calculated. There were total 206 brands manufactured by 52 different pharmaceutical companies of 35 drugs, out of which 24 showed more than 50% cost variation. Largest price variations were seen with mupirocin 2% cream (408.33 %), tazarotene 0.05% gel (183.8%) and diclofenac diethylammonium 1% gel (650 %) in single drug categories & gentamicin 0.1% + clobetasol 0.05% cream (308.82 %) among all fixed dose combinations. Least variation was observed for salicylic acid 2% foam (4.76 %) and terbinafine 1% + ofloxacin 0.75% + ornidazole 2% + clobetasol 0.05% cream (5.69 %). Cost of drugs play a crucial role in treatment outcome by directly influencing the patient compliance. Hence, it is essential to train physicians about cost variations among different brands available in the market so that they can reduce financial burden of patients without compromising the effectiveness of therapy.

Ocular diseases have been documented as the most common health problems universally. Most of the chemicals and synthetic drugs currently in use have marked side effects. Hence, there has been an ideal shift from the use of modern drugs to the age old herbs. Randia dumetorum Lamk is one such important plant with various established medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preliminary antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Randia dumetorum Lamk. (Xeromphis spinosa Thumb) Against common ocular pathogens such as Serratia marcescens, S. agalactiae, Corynebacterium macbinleys and Propionibacterium acnes. Methanolic extract of the dried fruits of the plant was prepared. Different concentrations of the dried fruit extracts (R. dumetorum) were transferred to the nutrient agar plates, which had been previously inoculated with the test microorganisms. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h in an incubator and the zones of inhibition were measured using well diffusion method. The extract showed potential antibacterial properties comparable with that of the standard streptomycin against the organisms tested. The methanol extract of R. dumetorum displayed a concentration related antibacterial activity. The results showed that the inhibition of the bacterial growth was more pronounced on Corynebacterium macbinleys as compared to the other tested organisms

Ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism. Their localization at the level of the hip stresses severely the functional prognosis. We report a retrospective series of 40 total hip prostheses performed in 32 patients with inflammatory coxitis, collected in the Traumatology and Orthopedics Department at the Mohammed V Military Hospital in Rabat between 2008 and 2016. The average age at the time of the intervention was 42 years with a clear male predominance. All patients were followed in consultation with a clinical and paraclinical examination. Coxitis following ankylosing spondylitis is the most frequently encountered in our series (65.6%). The rating of Postel Merle d'Aubigné was used to assess the functional status of the hip before and after surgery. The total hip prosthesis was cementless in 37 cases and cemented in 03 cases. The clinical results for the 32 patients after a mean follow-up of 04 years were very satisfactory in (88%) of the cases. The objective of this study is to evaluate our functional results and to show the interest of total hip arthroplasty in this type of pathology, in order to improve the quality of life of these often young patients

This complete enumeration, cross-sectional comparative record-based study was conducted at a municipal medical college in Maharashtra state, India. First-year MBBS students undergo formative assessment (one terminal examination and one preliminary examination) before they appear for First MBBS University examinations (summative assessment). Marks scored by the First-year MBBS students in terminal and preliminary practical examinations during the seven year period (2011-2017) were statistically analysed. In the terminal practical examination, the gender difference in the average marks scored in terminal practical examinations was statistically significant (Z=2.226; p=0.026) only for Batch 2013, while in the preliminary practical examination the gender difference was statistically significant for Batch 2011 (Z=2.094; p=0.036) and Batch 2017 (Z=2.139; p=0.032). The marks obtained in preliminary practical examination exhibited less variability as compared to that in the terminal practical examination. This study may serve as a springboard towards further research on student assessment in the subject of Physiology

In present study an attempt has been made to prepare new polymers depending on Cellulose viscous pulps to study the adsorption activity for removal of heavy metal ions from single aqueous solution. Barley and Corn Straw have been used for the extraction of crude pulps. Grafted viscous pulp has been prepared by using acrylamide as a monomer and benzoyl peroxide as an initiator in different ratios at different conditions of temperature and time. Epichlorohydrin was used as cross linking agent under the optimum conditions of grafting for the preparation of Grafted cross linked viscous pulps. The grafting percentage, grafting efficiency percentage and swelling behavior of new polymers were also studied. The structures of these compounds were established by using FTIR and elemental analysis. For the removal of chromium and nickel ions from an aqueous single metal solution the graft pulp copolymer and grafted crosslink viscous pulps were used as adsorbents. The results of the present study revealed that the ratio of pulp to monomer 1:4g/g, ratio of cellulose to initiator 1: 0.3g/g, grafting time 3 hours and grafting temperature 70 ◦C showed the optimum conditions of grafting. All the polymers synthesized in the present study showed the activity to remove heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution and the maximum activity have been shown when the cross linking agent was used in the synthesis

A combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone is used as an oral contraceptive and also for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorders, acne and hirsutism. In this study, a derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol. First order derivative spectrum was used for the determination of ethinylestradiol at 211 nm and drospirenone at 298 and 302 nm. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 0.25-2.5 μg/mL and 20-200 μg/mL for ethinylestradiol and drospirenone, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for both compounds (CV<2.5% and error<2.4%). The proposed method was used for simultaneous determination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone without any separation before analysis

Photoxidation of palm oil, like other forms of oils/lipids oxidation has adverse effects on the physicochemical qualities of the oil including depletion of essential antioxidants and formation of free radicals which could be injurious to tissues. Unfortunately, this widely consumed edible vegetable oil is usually stored or displayed for sale in plastic containers under direct sun light and unknowingly subjecting the oil to photoxidation. This work therefore sought to evaluate the possible effect of long term consumption of palm oil exposed to light on some reproductive parameters in male wistar rats. Male wistar rats weighing 85g to 120g and aged 19 to 23 weeks were randomly divided into a control and photoxidised palm oil (PPO)-fed groups of five rats each. The control group was fed on normal rat chow while the PPO diet group was fed on photoxidized palm oil diet. The duration of feeding was 13 weeks after which the rats were euthanized, blood samples collected while testes were harvested from them for determination of relevant parameters. The result showed a significantly reduced seminal pH in the PPO-fed group compared with control (P<0.01). Sperm motility (%) and viability (%) were significantly decreased (P<0.01 and P<0.01 respectively) in the PPO-fed group compared with control. The PPO-fed group had significantly decreased (P<0.001) sperm count and a significantly increased percentage of morphologically defective sperm cells (p<0.05) compared to the control. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively) in the PPO-fed rats compared with control. In conclusion, long term consumption of PPO diet impairs reproductive function in male wistar rats