Iron deficiency anemia is widely prevalent nutritional disorder worldwide, resulting in oxidative stress which in turn leads to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus and ageing. Oxidative stress and iron levels were studied in 84 subjects, 36 of whom were anemic (Hb <11 gm/dl) and 48 healthy subjects who were taken as controls. In these subjects serum iron, Total Antioxidant Capacity, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels were estimated. In the present study it was found that anemic subjects had higher oxidative stress as compared to controls and female anemia subjects were more affected than males. Preventive action may help in reducing the morbidities caused by the oxidative stress

Napier grass is a popular tropical grass, employed by farmers in livestock nutrition. In this work, the matrices of matured shoots of P. purpureum (schumach) commonly called Napier grass, were subjected to proximate analysis, mineral content determination and phytochemical screening. The proximate profile includes moisture (91.00%), total ash (22.20% DW), crude protein (20.11% DW), crude fat (14.00% DW), total carbohydrate (27.24% DW) and the total metabolizable energy value (315.40 kcal/100g DW) was obtained. The mineral content determination revealed the presence of Calcium (1.479 mg/100g), Cadmium (0.001 mg/100g), Copper (0.017 mg/100g), Iron (0.200 mg/100g), Manganese (0.043 mg/100g), Potassium (10.715 mg/100g), Sodium (0.495 mg/100g), and Zinc (0.045 mg/100g). The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, oils, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and absence of acidic compounds and resins were determined from the phytochemical screening carried out. This result suggests that Napier grass possesses several bioactivities of which antimicrobial activity is likely the significant activity. Also, the proximate composition and mineral content underlines its importance as a health food suitable for weight loss management of obese individuals, due to the high fibre content and low calorie value

The main aim and objective of the present research work was the preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of in vivo anti tumour activity of mthanolic and ethyl acetoacetate extracts of fruit of Punica granatum (ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG). Acute oral toxicity of ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG were performed according to the OECD guideline 423 method. The experimental results of acute oral toxicity studies revealed that all the extracts proved to be non toxic at tested dose levels and well tolerated by the experimental animals as there LD50 cut of values > 2000 mg/kg b. w. The in vivo antitumor activity of ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG was carried out against human colon cancer cell line HT 29. The present in vivo experimental data displayed that both ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG significantly increased the PILS. While 5-FU increased the life span of 85%, ME-FPG increased it by 75% and 67.5% by EAAE-FPG respectively ME-FPG. So ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG at dose 300 mg/kg significantly improved the overall survival of treated animals in comparison to tumour control group and 5-FU was not significantly differed from each other in improving the overall survival of animals. Histopathological study displayed a greater degree of tumour apoptosis and necrosis in the ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG treated group than in the control group. In addition, PCNA showed that administration of ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG decreased the proliferation of tumour tissues. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication

The present study aimed at the In Vitro Evaluation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Apium graveolens dulce and Bryophyllum pinnatum kurz. The activity was performed usingethanolic extract of leaves and stalk of Apium graveolens dulce and fresh juice of leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum kurz at various concentrations (100µg, 200µg, 300µg, 400µg, 500µg, 600µg, 700 µg, 800µg). In this study Allopurinol was used as a standard drug. The results were noted in terms of highest percentage inhibition of Xanthine oxidase. The combination of ethanolic extract of leaves and stalk of Apium graveolens dulce and fresh juiceof leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum kurz shows significant effect at highest concentration such as 800µg in combination group

Pancytopenia is the simultaneous presence of anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. The etiology ranging from non-neoplastic, neoplastic to fatal leukemias. The management and prognosis depends both on the severity of pancytopenia and on the nature of underlying etiology. Thus identification of cause is the key to appropriate management. To study the clinical presentations, diagnosis and evaluation of various causes of pancytopenia by hematological parameters including bone marrow aspiration. It was prospective study. One hundred and fifty cases of Pancytopenia evaluated clinically with hematological parameters and bone marrow aspiration in a Yashoda hospital, Malakpet, Hyderabad, during period of January 2014 to February 2017. Out of 150 cases, age of patients ranged from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 43 years. There was male preponderance. Fever and generalized weakness was common clinical presentation. The commonest physical finding was pallor and splenomegaly on systemic examination. The commonest peripheral smear was dimorphic picture & commonest bone marrow finding was hypercellular marrow with megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia. The commonest cause for pancytopenia was Megaloblastic anemia (34%) followed by Hematolymphoid malignancy (26.6%). This study showed that clinical history, detail primary hematological investigations along with bone marrow aspiration, biopsy imprint in cytopenia patients are helpful to diagnose and to rule out the causes of pancytopenia. Megaloblastic anemia is commonest cause of pancytopenia in most indian and continent studies. Present study also shows increase in incidance of HLH (Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis) and MDS are among emerging causes of pancytopenia and nutritional diet rich in vit B12 and folic acid prevents majority cause of pancytopenia in india.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro developmental disorder in children. Most common comorbidity is Disruptive behaviour disorder. Family and social environmental factors are not considered as having etiological role but may exacerbate pre-existing symptoms and genetic or neurological vulnerability. These children are particularly challenging and require intensive intervention to prevent greater morbidity and impairment. This study aims to see whether family adversity is related to ADHD with Conduct disorder. This case –control, cross sectional study was done in a child Guidance clinic of Psychiatry department of R.G Kar Medical College, Kolkata. Children diagnosed as ADHD with co morbid DBD fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as cases (N=32). Control population was collected from schools of both rural and urban areas who did not have any psychiatric disorder (N =62). The consenting parents of the cases and control were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire named Family Environmental scale (F.E.S). Significant differences were found in all variables. The control group family has shown more cohesion, more acceptance and caring, more expressiveness, more independence, more family organisation and control, enjoyed more active recreational orientation but less family conflict. The cases, ADHD with co morbid ODD or CD have shown high family conflict.

Traditional plant treatment for diabetes has produced a rising interest now a day. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the hypoglycemic effect and hypolipidemic properties of the methanolic extract of Hoya parasitica Variegata (Apocynaceae) and ethanolic extract of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Fabaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. In this study diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg of alloxan. Animals were only treated for one week with both the plant extracts at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg. Metformin (100 mg/kg) was used as standard for comparison. The antidiabetic effect was examined by measuring blood glucose (BG) level at 0, 3, 5 and 7 days after alloxan treatment. Blood samples were collected after 8 days treatment and analyzed for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at sacrifice. Both the plants H. parasitica and C. pallida at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg showed significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect compared to control and untreated diabetic control rats. Alloxan induced diabetic rats showed moderate to significant increases in the levels of BG, TG, TC, LDL-C while body weight, HDL-C and relative weights of liver and pancreas were decreased to controls (non diabetic rats). Administration of both the plant extracts to alloxan induced diabetic rats resulted in significant decrease in BG, TG, TC and LDL-C and the dose 600 mg/kg of both plant extracts were the most effective. HDL-C levels for both plants were markedly increased after treatment compare to untreated diabetic rats. Results of the treatment study showed that both H. parasitica and C. pallida extracts causes antidiabetogenic properties and beneficial effects on diabetic hyperlipidemia.

Plants have been one of the important source of medicine since the beginning of human civilization and it still continues as one of the major sources of drugs in modern as well as traditional medicine throughout the world. Medicinal plants are the local heritage with global importance. S. ciliatus of Acanthaceae family is commonly known as “Sahachara” and is used widely in ingenious Indian system of medicine as it is known to possess a range of folk and proven biologic activity such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-microbial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective. The present study deals with the microscopic and macroscopic evaluation of the stem and leaf and also establishment of its quality parameters including the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical investigation which were conducted. Considering the medicinal importance of S. ciliatus a complete study on macroscopic and microscopic characters are carried out. Histological studies were conducted by paraffin infiltration method. Anatomical features of the stem and leaves were studied in detail. Powder characters were also analysed. Physicochemical parameters like ash value and extractive value were done. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloid, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, sterols, carbohydrate, tannins and terpenoids. The values from physicochemical parameters will serve as an identification tool for preventing adulteration of the plant. Findings from the study will be useful for compiling the monograph of S. ciliatus for its identification and quality control

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam. During this month, adult Muslims are obligated to refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to dusk. Some of our CKF patients fast the whole month against medical advice, for many raisons (religious or social customs). The aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of fasting on the renal function in this population. We conducted retrospective study of 47 patients (16 females, mean age 61.9 years; 15-85 years) with a eGFR less than 90 ml/min/1.73m2, most had a eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2. For patients with chronic kidney disease, the existing data in the literature are scarce and give inconclusive results. Patients should be monitored closely by their physicians while fasting. If a sign or symptom of acute tubular necrosis occurred, the fasting should be discontinued

Patients with multiple myeloma may present a variety of renal manifestations as a result of damage from circulating light chain immunoglobulin components. The renal alterations can interest any of the renal compartments, and in certain cases more than one compartment can be affected. The resulting high serum concentrations of these proteins often lead to tubular interstitial injuries as endocytic receptors in the proximal tubules are overwhelmed. A 46-year-old white man with a history of left hip pain was diagnosed as multiple myeloma. Imaging including MRI and PET scan showed a left pelvic heterogenous mass causing bone destruction and compressing the adjacent organs. He was referred to the nephrology department due to the onset of acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis. A kidney biopsy was performed and showed patterns of acute interstitial nephritis and focal linear staining for kappa light chains along tubular basement membranes on immunofluorescence. After glucocorticoids for acute interstitial nephritis and chemotherapy (Bortezomib -Cyclophosphamide - Dexamethasone) directed against the clone, the renal function partially improved and the patient got off hemodialysis support. Conclusion: Acute kidney injury may be the first clinical presentation in patients with multiple myeloma. Could interstitial nephritis be the only manifestation of MM without myeloma cast nephropathy and whether it was glucocorticoid or chemotherapy directed against the clone that has resulted in a significant improvement in renal function.

Phytomedicines are becoming more popular in the world for their ability to cure diseases with less toxicity and better therapeutic efficacy. Herbal medicines may also have disadvantages of poor bioavailability, toxicity, stability issues and patient compliance. In order to minimize these problems various drug delivery systems such as liposomes, phytosomes, niosomes, ethosomes and trasferosomes etc are being developed for phytomedicines. Novel drug delivery systems can improve bioavailability of drug that refers to the existence of drugs in the body part where they are actually needed. Ethosomes are noninvasive flexible vesicular carriers that enable the drugs to permeate through the deeper layers of skin and systemic circulation. They are mainly composed of phospholipids, high concentration of ethanol and water. As ethanol is known for its disturbance of skin lipid bilayer arrangement; therefore, inclusion of ethanol into a vesicular membrane provides the ability of vesicle to permeate through the stratum corneum. The high flexibility of ethosomal carrier from the added ethanol allows the elastic carrier to squeeze through the skin pores. Herbal ethosomal formulation has been effectively used to enhance bioavailability of many herbs including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Sophora alopercuroides, Cannabis sativa, Sesbania grandiflora and Podophyllum hexandrum

Medication carrier systems are delineated as definitions intended to exchange a medication to the desirable territory of activity inside the body. Principle part of medication carrier is a proper bearer which shields the medication from fast degradation or clearance and along these lines improves concentration of drugs in the targeted tissues. In light of their biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic properties, niosomes are promising nanoscale carriers that are formed by self-aggregation of non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol in a watery stage. As of late, various researches have been accounted for the capability of niosomes to fill in as a bearer for the conveyance of various kinds of medications. Niosomes make better substance and strength conditions other than lipid vesicles. Niosomes have been generally assessed for controlled discharge and focused on conveyance for the treatment of malignancy, viral contaminations and other microbial sicknesses. In this sense, the present work means to audit the principle niosomal approaches utilized for relationship of various medications and the fundamental accomplishments from utilizing this innovation

The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of aqueous extract of Mentha spicata (MSE) leaf on dichlorvos (DDVP) induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Male rats were divided into 4 groups, the first group served as control (C). Group (E1) received 5.33mg/Kg BW of DDVP and group (E2) received 5.33mg/Kg BW of DDVP with MSE (100.0 mg/kg) and the group (E3) received MSE (100.0 mg/kg). Rats under all the groups were treated with their respective constituents for 30 days. The results suggested that rats under E1 suffered from significant (p<0.01) decline in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase with a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde of their brain. Histological changes were also found to be prominent in the brain of E1 group as compared to others. Rats under E2 showed recuperation tendencies which were evidenced by partial restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity and the lesser degree of damage in histological aspect as compared to E1. No significant changes were observed in either biochemical constituents or histological aspects of rats under E3. The current study suggests that DDVP can cause oxidative damage and brain injury in male rats and co-administration of MSE with the selected dose partially attenuates the toxic effect caused by DDVP

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence profile of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) on in patients at Tongji hospital. A retrospective study was carried out on in-patients at Tongji medical college, Huazhong university of Science and Technology from May 1985 to April 2012. Out of 110553 in-patients 777 cases were diagnosed as CADRs. The most common type of CADRs was maculopapular eruption followed by Erythema multiforme, Fixed drug eruption and urticaria. The most common drugs causing CADRs was antibiotics followed by antiepileptic drugs, antipyretics and analgesics. The most common type of CADRs was maculopapular eruptions followed by erythema multiforme, fixed drug eruption and urticaria. The main offending drug was antibiotics followed by antiepileptic drugs, antipyretics and analgesics

The rupture of the calcaneal tendon is a frequent lesion requiring surgical management. For chronic disruption in particular, restorative surgery is desirable and several methods have been described. We report a retrospective study of eight cases of chronic rupture of the calcaneal tendon treated surgically by myotendinousplasty in V-Y according to Abraham, collected in the Traumatology and Orthopedics II department of the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital in Rabat Morocco between 2010 and 2015. The majority of patients were male. The cause of chronic rupture of the calcaneal tendon was a diagnostic error in 25% of the cases, a lack of knowledge of the pathology in 62.5% of the cases and negligence in 12.5% of the cases. The results were evaluated according to the Kitaoka score after an average follow-up of three years. They were very satisfied with a score of 89%. The aim of this study is to highlight the difficulty of making the diagnosis in certain circumstances, which is the cause of chronic rupture and to underline the interest of the surgical treatment, by the myotendinousplasty "V-Y" in this case

This is a retrospective study over a period of 5 years, from January 2011 to December 2015, which concerns 21 cases of laryngeal cancers that have undergone total laryngectomy. The average age of our patients was 60 years old, chronic smoking is incriminated in 71% of cases with an average consumption of 40 packs / year. Ethylism was found in 23% of cases. The time between onset of clinical signs and first consultation was on average 10 months. Dysphonia was the revealing sign in 76% of patients, most often associated with dyspnea. Panendoscopy with biopsy was systematically done to all of our patients, confirming the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (100%), also paraclinical imaging revealed the extension of the tumor. Stage 3 TNM were most often found at the time of the diagnosis. In our studies, all of our 21 patients underwent total laryngectomy supplemented with radiotherapy for the sterilization of the tumor bed and ganglionic areas, except one patient who presented a permeation nodule. Postoperative course was grossly simple. No recurrences were noted. The deaths of two patients were deplored