The use of herbal medicine in Nigeria is on the increase but unknowingly to consumers, these herbal products may pose severe and devastating health hazards. This study was aimed at studying the adverse impacts posed by either the ethanolic extract ofroot back or leaf extract of Rauwofia vomitoria on cerebellar glycogen. In this study, 30 adult Wistar rats were used and were randormly divided into 6 groups (A, B, C, D and E; n =5). Identification of Glycogen was determined using Periodic Acid Schiff method (PAS). From this investigation, there was a marked increase in the staining intensities of the experimental groups. The staining intensity of PAS was higher in the groups C and D which were given 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Rauwofia vomitoria root-bark when compared to groups E and F which received 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg of ethanolic leaf extract of Rauwofia vomitoria. Findings in this study suggest a dose-dependent accumulation of glycogen in the neurons of cerebellum, especially in the Purkinje cells. This could be due to the effects of indole alkaloid constituents (reserpine) of Rauwolfia vomitoria on glycogen synthesis and utilization

According to the report of Institute of Medicine (IOM) that about 7,000 of death are occur annual because of the medication error which is going worse day by day. The effect of medication error is not good for patient health. It reduces the efficiency of health care system. It is also evident from the report of IOM that about 1.5 million of people are injured because of the medication administration error and annual expense for treating those patient take more than 3.5 billion Dollars annually which is a great expense. This all happen just because of the medication administration error. To assess the barriers to which minimize reporting medication administration error among nurses in Services hospital Lahore. This study was carried out by using a cross sectional descriptive study design in Services Hospital Lahore. Data was taken from the staff nurses and the total sample size was 222. Response from the participants was taken through simple random sampling techniques.Spss21 version used for descriptive analysis and applied chi square and one sample t-test. The results after study show 35% of the staff nurses were agree that they didn’t recognize an error occurred properly while 16% were disagree. 41% of staff nurses were agree that while reporting an medication error then the colleagues will be think that they are incompetent while 38% of the nurses were disagree to this statement. 68% of staff nurses were agree that it is very important for a Hospital to have proper medication error reporting system while 20% were disagree, 62% of staff Nurses were agree that the response of hospital administration doesn’t match with the severity of case while 24% disagree. The barriers which play a vital role in underreporting of medication error is the fear of staff nurses form the hospital management and the response of hospital administration

Kinetic properties and stability studies of pepper chitosanase immobilized on chitin by covalent bond for production of chitooligosaccharides was the main objective of this work. A comparison with the properties that shown by the free one was also carried out. Maximum enzyme activity was observed at 2.825 and 0.576 mg chitosan /reaction mixture for free chitosanase (FC) and immobilized chitosanase (IC), respectively. They followed Michaelis-Menten Kinetics. The values of the Michaelis-Menten constant indicated that IC exhibited higher affinity toward chitosan than that of the free one. Km value was 35.71 mg/reaction mixture for the IC and 17.86 mg/reaction mixture for the free one. The maximum velocities (Vmax) were 12.5 and 47.62 U/mg for IC and FC, respectively. The optimum pH of IC was slightly shifted to acidic range (pH 5.6) from 5.8, which is the optimum for free one. IC exhibited high activity at wide range of temperature from 40 to 60ºC with optimum at 55ºC, while high activity of FC was found at range from 40 to 55ºC with optimum at 45ºC. The thermal and operational stabilities of both free and immobilized chitosanase were also evaluated. Results showed that the immobilization enhanced the enzyme stability. IC showed better thermal stability than the free one. It lost 5-10 % of its original activity after heating at 50oC for 1h, while FC lost 35 % after the same treatment. IC also lost 58% of its original activity after heating at 60oC for 1h, while free one lost 80 % after the same treatment. Results showed 22% rate of hydrolysis after 1 h and reached about 24 and 30 % after 2 and 24 h of hydrolysis. The end product of chitosan hydrolysis by the IC showed N-acetyl glucosamine and mixture of DP 2-6 oligomers. This improvement of the IC properties made it a potential candidate for future use in industrial application especially in chitooligosaccharides production

The Present study was carried out to analyse the prescribing pattern of drugs and appropriateness of antimicrobials use in gastroenteritis in hospitalized children. It was a prospective, observational, single centre study undertaken in gastroenteritis inpatients of paediatric department, aged one month to seventeen years, over a period of six months. Modified Kunin's criteria along with the guidelines set by the World Gastroenterology Organization were followed for assessing the appropriateness of the antimicrobials prescribed and prescribing patterns respectively. A total of 120 patients were enrolled, of whom 61% were in the age group below 5 years. Diarrhoea with mild dehydration was diagnosed in 53% patients followed by no dehydration (28%) and severe dehydration (19%). IV fluids (90.8%) and antimicrobials (86.6%) were the commonest drugs prescribed. 89% of antimicrobials were given in parenteral dosage form. 27.9% of antimicrobials were given for 3 days duration. Among the antimicrobials, ceftriaxone was frequently prescribed. Inappropriate antimicrobial therapy was given in 9.6% of the cases. Precise use of antimicrobials was preferred in 10.5% of cases. Microbiology report was missing in 79.9% of cases. No ADRs were observed during the study. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials was seen in the study. Emphasis on proper diagnosis, treatment, education and availability of effective guidelines may help in a judicious use of drugs in children.

L-ornithine (L-Orn), is an intermediate metabolite in the urea cycle that plays an important role in the human beings and is used for the treatment of the liver diseases etc. Based on these versatile advantages, L-Orn is widely applied in the health care and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, l-arginase from Idiomarina sediminium was immobilized onto chitosan-hydroxyapatite. Effects of immobilization parameters including medium temperature and pH, enzyme concentration and coupling time was evaluated to obtain the best reaction conditions. The optimal immobilization pH was determined as pH 7.5 with the highest enzyme activity of 101.24 U chitosan-HAP beads and highest immobilization efficiency of 81.4%. Furthermore, the immobilized protein amount showed an increase with increasing enzyme concentration as expected. Characterization of immobilized enzyme was evaluated using l-arginine as a substrate. Immobilized enzyme exhibited better thermostability and higher stability at lower and higher pH values. Immobilization also resulted in a shift of 0.5 units in pH optimum for maximum enzyme activity. In contrast to optimum pH value, after immobilization no shift occurred in optimum temperature. Furthermore enzyme retained 81.8% of its initial activity during consecutive eight cycles. The results suggests that chitosan-HAP immobilized l-arginase can be employed on the large scale for industrial production of l-ornithine

Tuberculosis (TB) is commonly associated with poverty and under-nutrition in both developed and developing countries. Being underweight has been associated with a higher risk of tuberculosis in several studies. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted to analyze TB surveillance data from the chest clinic teaching hospital Batticaloa, in SriLanka. Finally, 103 TB patient’s records were analyzed and available data were extracted. The prevalence of underweight among TB patients is 39(37.9%). Obesity and overweight were associated with a significantly lower risk of both clinically active and culture-confirmed tuberculosis

The objective is to explore the effects of law and code-oriented and caring-oriented organizational ethical climates on physician–patient trust and interactions. A questionnaire survey was adopted and physicians of a case hospital were selected as the survey participants. A total of 116 valid questionnaires were collected, which were then analyzed through multiple regression analysis. The law and code-oriented organizational ethical climate had a significant and positive effect on physician–patient trust and interactions. In an increasingly complex medical environment, physicians must be aware of their hospitals’ organizational ethical climate and understand their roles and tasks pursuant to the hospitals’ missions, visions, and values. Such awareness and understanding will strengthen physician–patient relationships and enhance medical service quality

Nurses are facing practice problems that causes disturbing and stressful situation. The most common and prevalent issue is moral distress. Moral distress is affecting performance of professional nurses at health care setting. Cross-sectional study design was used. Questionnaire consisted on 5 point Likert scale adopted was used to know the impact of moral distress on nurse’s performance with sample size 187 Nurses from Public Hospital Lahore. Finding of the study shows that there is a significant negative (reciprocal) impact of moral distress on performance of nurses The current study concludes that moral distress decrease the job performance of the nurser’s at hospital settng. This study revealed the negative relationship between moral distress and nurses’ performance. The study findings will enable the health care organizations to enhance the performance of staff nurses by minimizing the factors that are causing moral distress among nurses. Hospital can arrange workshops and education sessions to give awareness to deal moral distress situations

This study aimed to study the effects of age and body mass index on infertility, preovulatory endometrial thickness, and pregnancy outcome after ovulation induction/intrauterine insemination. Twenty unexplained infertility women and thirty polycystic ovary syndrome women subjected to ovulation induction/intrauterine insemination were enrolled in this study. Only two polycystic ovarian syndrome women (4%) became pregnant. There was significant effect of age on endometrial thickness for unexplained infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome women (P=0.02, P=0.05, respectively). Body mass index and endometrial thickness were independent factors for unexplained infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome women (P=0.26, P=0.4, respectively). Age adversely affected endometrial thickness while body mass index was not correlated with endometrial thickness

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a very heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies, Characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal myeloid precursors and altered normal hematopoiesis. The world Health organization (WHO) classification retains the diagnostic threshold the infiltration of the bone marrow by more than 20% of non-lymphoid blasts. AML 2 represents 30% to 40% of AML, the translocation (8; 21) is identified in 5% to 10% of all AML cases and 10% to 22% of AML2 cases. We report a case of AML 2 discovered in a 56-year-old woman, during a paraclinical assessment of acute pancreatitis. The hemogram showed a pancytopenia. The blood smear revealed the presence of circulating blasts estimated at 36%. The medullogram revealed a medullary invasion by undifferentiated blast cells estimated at 59%, Myeloperoxidase staining was positive. The patient was given antibiotic therapy and rehydration. An extra-renal treatment was performed due to the installation of acute renal failure. Evolution was marked by death following infectious complications

The involvement of the ovary by malignant lymphoma is a well-known late manifestation of disseminated nodal disease. Primary ovarian lymphoma is rare. We report a case of primary ovarian non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with unilateral involvement which was managed by surgery and chemotherapy. A 42-year-old woman was admitted with signs and symptoms suggestive of an ovarian cancer. Computed tomography revealed a tumor of the left ovary measuring 12 cm in diameter, without enlarged lymph nodes. The tumor was classified as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient has been advised 6 cycles of CHOP regimen and is presently on treatment. She has now been without disease for 36 months after the surgery. According to previous reports the treatment principles and prognosis of primary ovarian large b-cell lymphoma is the same as that of other nodal lymphomas

Stress has been seen as a routine and accepted part of the health care worker’s role there is a wonderful research on stress in nurses worldwide. The interaction among stress and caring behaviors remains quite not examined, especially in the Asian working environment, where it is the not first time that this specific issue is being studied. The aim was to inspect and discover the correlation among occupational stress, caring behaviors and their quality of life in association to health. The aim is to observe the levels of stress facing by nurses working in a Government hospital Lahore Pakistan and explore change in perceived stress levels by department and linked with job perspectives. A co-relational study design was employed, with a two-stage cluster sampling process. Data collection was by means of a self-administered questionnaire, and nurses were investigated across 10 different wards using the perceived occupational Stress Scale. The response rate was 78%. , perceived stress levels were found to be significantly higher in age group 25 to30 59%. There was significant difference between the education levels with regard to job stress; however, differences did occur with experience, the reporting the lowest level of BSN nurses. A significant association was seen between the age and perceived stress even after adjustment. The findings suggest that perceived stress does vary within different work age group in the same hospital. Job elements, such as requirement and supply, are important with regard to perceived stress. Preventive measure was not found to play an important role