In situ gel is a novel ophthalmic dosage form, which persists as solution form at room temperature but undergoes gel transformation when instilled into ophthalmic cavity, thus enhancing the patient compliance. In this present study ion activated in situ ophthalmic gel of Moxifloxacin hydrochloride and Ketorolac tromethamine combination are prepared by using gelrite (0.1-0.25% w/v) as gelling agent and carboxy methyl tamarind kernel powder(0.2-0.45% w/v) as viscosity enhancing agent and rate controlling polymer, Benzalkonium chloride in suitable proportion was used as preservative. The compatability study between drug and polymer was done by FTIR and DSC. The formulations were sterilized by autoclaving at 1210 C at 15 PSI at 20 min. The formulations passed various evaluation parameters like visual appearance, clarity, pH, gelling capacity, drug content and in vitro diffusion studies, antimicrobial study, stability study. The drug release pattern was analysed by derivative spectroscopy using ZCP method. The release pattern of the best formulation indicated that both the drug showed sustained release pattern for a period of 12 hours thus enhancing the contact time of drug with ocular tissues and reducing the nasolacrimal drainage. From this present work it can be concluded that In situ ophthalmic gel is an alternative to convention drug delivery system

Negative myths and misconceptions about family planning (F.P.) are a barrier to modern contraceptive use. Myths and misconceptions about methods can spread through informal communication via social networks and lead to continued negative perceptions. To date, much of the research on contraceptive myths and misconceptions has focused on individual level attitudes and contraceptive use. Family planning is the planning of when to have children and use of birth control and other techniques to implement these plans. The reason for not using any family planning methods are lack of knowledge and education, religious belief and fear of side effects. Family planning counseling needs to be universally included into routine antenatal activities. Besides improving formal female education is certain to raise the existing knowledge and also to dispel the prevailing misinformation and misperception about family planning methods. There is also need to review the national family planning program with particular emphasis on contraceptive needs of adolescents to improve accessibility and availability of all family planning services. The aim of this study is to review the myths and beliefs of people regarding contraceptive methods

Orodispersible tablets (ODT) of levocetirizine was prepared using natural polysaccharides ipomoea batatas starch, amorphophallus campanulatus starch and their modified form by direct compression method and evaluated for their superdisintegrant activity. Levocetirizine dihydrochloride was used as a model drug. The prepared formulations were compared with synthetic superdisintegrants such as crosspovidone and diluent Ludiflash for disintegration and other ODT parameters. FTIR study indicated no interaction between drug and excipients. Precompression parameters, studied for all the formulations were found to be satisfactory. Different concentrations of 2.5%, 5, 7.5% and 10% of modified and unmodified forms of both starches were studied for the improvement in the ODT parameters. The formulations LISN (10%), LISM (10%) (LIS-levocetirizine dihydrochloride+ ipomoea batatas starch; N-Natural; M-Modified) and LASN (10%), LASM (10%) (LAS-levocetirizine dihydrochloride+amorphophallus campanulatus starch; N-Natural; M-modified) of both the starches showed better DT than lower concentrations. Synthetic superdisintegrant crosspovidone was compared with formulations of natural superdisintegrants. The formulation containing crospovidone 5% concentration showed better DT of 32 seconds compared to natural superdisintegrants, and was used for further comparison of modified polysaccharides. The tablets prepared with Ludiflash as diluent without crospovidone, showed no significant difference in disintegration time. The formulation LASMLU (LAS-Levocetirizine dihydrochloride + amorphophallus campanulatus starch; M-Modified; Lu-Ludiflash) showed 95% of drug release compared to other formulations. The release profile of 10% of modified amorphophallus campanulatus starch LASM or Ludiflash (LASMLU) formulations did not show any significant difference in release profile. Hence in conclusion starch citrate, a new modified starch at 10% or at 5% concentration with crosspovidone with or without Ludiflash as diluent can be used as superdisintegrant for the preparation of orodispersible tablets

Serum Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a marker of malignant tumors, is generally slightly elevated in benign conditions. We report a 58 year old male with jaundice and elevated CA 19-9 levels (8,474 IU/ml). Radiological imaging of the liver, pancreas and extrahepatic biliary tree revealed neither malignancy, nor obstruction. The only remarkable finding was biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This presentation indicates that significantly high CA 19-9 levels could be associated with NASH

The effect of isoniazid and rifampicin on metabolism dependent hepatotoxicity of methimazole (MMI) was studied in BALB/c mice. Hepatic damage was induced by single intraperitoneal dose of MMI (1000mg/kg). Pretreatment with isoniazid and rifampicin was carried out in separate groups for ten days and six days respectively prior to administration of methimazole. The extent of liver injury was determined by measuring alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) along with histopathological analysis of liver samples. The elevation of liver enzyme levels caused by MMI was augmented by rifampicin however; isoniazid exhibited a protective role by preventing MMI induced escalation in serum ALT, AST and ALP. The biochemical findings were also reflected in histological examination. These findings suggest that activity of microsomal enzymes can influence the hepatotoxic potential of MMI

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is defined as a gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by altered bowel habits and abdominal pain in the absence of detectable structural abnormality. (Ref. Harrison).IBS causes a great deal of discomfort and distress, but it does not permanently harm the intestines. Most people can control their symptoms with diet, stress management, and prescribed medications. For some people, however, IBS can be disabling. They may be unable to work, attend social events, or even travel short distances.30 cases of IBS were studied satisfying the case definition. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were laid down. Assessment Criteria was laid down. Observations with respect to age, sex, occupation, remedies was done and efficacy of Homoeopathy was analysed in these cases. Homoeopathy is useful in treating cases of IBS

A 74 years old male patient presented with a two days history of dyspnea, orthopnea, pleuritic chest pain, hemoptysis, and fever after a history of fall from his bed with 2 fractured ribs two days ago. On physical examination his heart rate was 120 beats per minutes, temperature 40°C and blood pressure 110/60 mmHg. Arterial oxygen saturation was 96% on air. No heart murmur was noted but there was decreased air entry in right lower lobe of the lung. Chest X-ray showed 3rd and 5th rib fractures on the right side as well as lower lobe consolidation. ECG showed sinus tachycardia. The D-dimer level was > 2000ng/mL (normal level < 500 ng/mL). Subcutaneous enoxaparin 40mg (twice daily) was started immediately. Pulmonary CT angiography revealed right pulmonary embolism. Subcutaneous enoxaparin was continued for a couple of days with daily international normalised ratio (INR) check until D-dimer level was < 500 ng/mL

In the present investigation, a series of Schiff bases of substituted 4-Amino- 5 –Phenyl-2, 4- dihydro - [1, 2, 4] - triazole -3 –thione were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity study. The structures of the synthesized Schiff bases were confirmed by IR, 1H-NMR, and elemental analysis. In anticonvulsant chemo shock method, all the compounds were tested against three chemical stimulants strychnine, thiosemicarbazide and Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) at a dose of 30,100,300 mg/kg at 0.5h to 2hrs time slot and also successfully passed the rotarod test without any sign of neurological defects. The compounds 4A-i, 4A-j, 4A-k, and 4B-i were observed to be most active for anticonvulsant activity while compounds 4A-b, 4A-f, 4A-g, and 4A-h were showing moderate activity. Results indicated that compounds with menthone, camphor derivatives and having chloro-substituted aldehydes/ ketones showed good anticonvulsant activity. Therefore, these derivatives may possible to use as lead compounds for other biological activities also. Overall, the synthesized compounds emerged as more active and less neurotoxic derivatives

Experimental pharmacological research of 1-[2-(R-phenylimino)-4-methyl-3-(3-[morpholine-4-yl]propyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethane-1-one derivatives. Determination of the nature of the effect of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in the phenyl fragment of the molecule on expression of the antioxidant activity. Analysis of some aspects of the "structure–activity" relationship. Derivatives of 1-[2-(R-phenylimino)-4-methyl-3-(3-[morpholine-4-yl]propyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]ethane-1-one were synthesized by Hantzsch method. Experimental pharmacological research was carried out on the model of artificial oxidative stress using the emulsion of egg-yolk lipoproteins in vitro as a substrate of oxidation. The substances of group 1 with methyl substituents and group 2 with chlorine substituent posseses pronounced antioxidant activity. The substances of group 2 with methoxy substituent posseses moderate antioxidant activity. Introduction of any substituents leads to a significant change in the level and direction of antioxidant activity of the substances; and it depends on the chemical nature and orientation of the substituents in the phenyl fragment of the molecule. Among the compounds under research four compounds can be recommended as potential antioxidants for further screening studies.

It was carried out to evaluate and assess types of injuries in road traffic accident and their severity reported to one of the tertiary care hospital through cross sectional systemic prospective and retrospective study. Present study was carried out among 302 road traffic accident cases of young adult age. Collection of data includes interviewing the patient and review of medical records. Non-fatal injuries with severity such as abbreviated injury score (AIS); Glasgow coma score (GCS); revised trauma score (RTS) were considered in this study. Study indicates that 74.83% of victims were male and there is a significant (p<0.01) association between AIS and male gender. Most of the accident injuries were mild in nature and 99% of victims were having abrasion in urethra. The mean severity of injuries as computed by AIS was 13.2±0.106, GCS was 14.25±0.085 and RTS was 7.89±0.234. 37.45% of accident injuries were in group from 18 to 24 years. There is a significant (p<0.05) correlation between days of admission into ICU as well as in timing of accident. We conclude that it is important for planning and execution authorities to design and develop strategies and plans to minimise injuries in chest wall and thoracic vasculature to avoid future complications in young adults