Abstract: Parovaraian cysts are simple cysts arising from the adnexa occurring most commonly in the women of reproductive age group. Rarely can they be of neoplastic origin. Female of 21 years presented with pain in abdomen. On basis of clinical examination, ultrasonography and biochemical tumour markers it was diagnosed as ovarian tumour. At laparotomy it was seen to be parovarian cyst of 12cm x 14cm size. On histopathology it was proved to be a neoplastic parovarian cyst - serous cystadenoma.

Abstract: Glycyrriza glabra Linn.[ Fabaceae], commonly known as yashtimadhu, mulhatti, is used as medicine for treatment of various aliments in Traditional System of Medicine fairly throughout the greater part of India. In the present study, we have evaluated anticancer activity of Ammonium glycyrrhizinate by in vitro and in silico method. Ammonium glycyrrhizinate was isolated from roots of G.glabra and was characterized by solubility, melting point, infrared (IR) and thin layer chromotography (TLC) pattern. In vitro anticancer activity was done using HeLa cell lines by MTT assay at different concentrations ranging from 100-500 µg/ml using microtitre plate assays by ELISA and in silico docking studies using enzyme EGFR tyrosine kinase. The IC50 value was found to be 282.45 µg/ml in in vitro anticancer activity in HeLa cell lines. Ammonium glycyrrhizinate was subjected to molecular docking studies for the inhibition of the enzyme EGFR tyrosine kinase, which is one of the targets for inhibition of cancer cells. It has shown -11.03 kJ mol-1 binding and -12.47 kJ mol-1 docking energy with five hydrogen bonds. We can conclude that ammonium glycyrrhizinate has shown to possess anticancer activity both in vitro and in silico studies.

Abstract: The financial cost of seeking formal health care is often the major barrier to accessing health care in poor countries. Consequently, the governments of several developing countries have introduced free health care in an effort to improve their nation's health. There is evidence that suggests that many Ghanaians patronise both indigenous and orthodox health facilities simultaneously. On the 30th of June, 2015, The Bongo District Hospital prompted the Bongo District Health Directorate (DHD) that they had recorded a positive case of cholera from Kantebge’s house at VeaGunga, in the Bongo District of the Upper East region of Ghana. Weinvestigated to verify the diagnosis, identify risk factors and recommend control measures.We conducted a descriptive investigation and active case-search.We defined a cholera case-patient as a person with vibrio cholera isolated from stool sample or epidemiologically-linked to a person with vibrio cholera from the 1st of June to 20th of July at Valley View Sub-district of Bongo district.Stool from case-patients were taken for laboratory diagnosis. We performed univariate analysis by person, place and time using Epi-info version 3.3.The result of the 933 community members, 13 were affected. The overall attack rate was 1.4% (13/933) with a case fatality 15.4% (2/13). The mean age of case-patients was 28.5 years (±18 SD) with females 69.2% (9/13) mostly affected. Sex specific attack rates were 0.9% (4/447) and 1.6 % (9/486) for males and females respectively. The index case was 45yr-old man who reported at the Bongo District Hospital on the 30th of June. He took care of the primary case and also participated in the preparation and burial of the corpse. All the cases were recorded from VeaGunga, in the Bongo District. Vibrio choleraeserotype ogawa was isolated from stool samples. It was a point source outbreak that affected mainly women from the community. It is however hypothesized that the source of infection could be from the beans cake, the water from the Vea Dam or the primary case being a vibrio cholera carrier. Two (2) persons died as a result of taking some local concoction due to lack of money and the national health insurance scheme.An outbreak of ogawa serotype cholera with some fatalities was established in Vea-Gunga community in the Bongo district of the Upper East region. It was a point source outbreak that affected mainly women from the community. It is however hypothesized that the source of infection could be from the beans cake, the water from the Vea Dam or from avibrio cholera carrier. The need for health care financial protection and avoidance of concoctions in the management of cholera case patients are basic requirements in avoidance of unnecessary death. Prompt outbreak response, case management and education about causes and prevention of diarrhea played a significant role in controlling the outbreak.

Abstract: True hermaphrodite have gonads of both sex in the same individual. They contain ovary and testis with ambiguity of genital organs. We report a case of true hermaphrodite in a male patient of 26 years having absent of beard and moustaches, medium pitch voice , partial fusion of labia majora and testis, enlarged clitoris with non penile urethra, no vaginal and opening having uterus.

Abstract: TruScreen is a unique electro-optical technology that provides a direct means of tissue differentiation as a primary screening tool in the general population for cervical cancer and precancerous change (CIN). Objectives of the work are evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the optoelectronic method in the detection of CIN and cervical cancer. The present study shows correlation between the pNOR number and sensitivity/specificity of the optoelectronic method. The study included 293 patients with abnormal cervical cytology result and the following examinations: examination with the use of the optoelectronic method – Truscreen, colposcopic examination, and histopathologic biopsy. Specificity of the optoelectronic method for LGSIL was estimated at 65.70%, for HGSIL and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix amounted to 90.38%. Specificity of the optoelectronic method used to confirm lack of cervical pathology was estimated at 78.89%. The field under the ROC curve for the optoelectronic method was estimated at 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.92) which shows high diagnostic value of the test in the detection of HGSIL and squamous cell carcinoma. The optoelectronic method is characterized by high usefulness in the detection of CIN, present in the squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. In conclusion, we suggest that TruScreen holds the potential to detect lesions that might be missed by cytology alone and clarify unsatisfactory or ASCUS cytology results. With regard to patients, they can benefit from more rapid follow-up and early treatment. We also noticed that the women were happy with the real time results, which are now available using TruScreen. TruScreen technology seems to have a high potential to improve and standardize the screening of the cervical carcinoma.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tramadol, a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, on glutamate metabolism, without inducing pain. Male adult Wistar rats weighing 150 ± 20 g were used in the study. An effective dose of tramadol was injected subcutaneously into the rats at 0, 24, and 48 hours, and the changes in the levels of activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutaminase, aspartate (AAT) and alanine (AlAT) aminotransferases, and glutamine content, were recorded at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours in different areas of the rat brain, viz. cerebral cortex, cerebellum, pons-medulla, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Aminotransferase activities were examined in serum also. Following the first administration of tramadol at zero hours, GDH activity showed positive deviations in all areas except pons-medulla, GS activity showed positive deviations in all areas, glutaminase activity showed negative deviations in all areas except pons-medulla, and glutamine content showed positive deviations in all areas except hippocampus, up to 12 hours. Aminotransferase activities showed differential deviations, with increases in some areas and decreases in the others. Peak deviations in all cases occurred either at 3 or at 6 hours. All parameters reverted towards near control levels by 24 hours. Following the second and third injections of tramadol at 24 and 48 hours respectively, the parameters recorded deviations at 48 and 72 hours that were slightly reverting from those at 24 hours. The results indicate differential tissue responses from different areas of the brain to the administered analgesic. Further, while the administration of opioids could affect the glutamate release vis-à-vis reuptake and the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, these changes could presumably be associated with alterations in the levels of other parameters related to glutamate metabolism. This could be another facet of the analgesic effects of tramadol.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical and in-vivo antihyperlipidemic activity of Solanum spirale Roxb. leaves. The physiochemical standardization of the dried leaves powder was done with respect to ash values, foaming index, extractive values and moisture content. The dried leaves were extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and water. The phytochemical analyses were carried out and the antihyperlipidemic activity of the chloroform and aqueous extracts were evaluated. The antihyperlipidemic study was carried out by inducing hyperlipidemia in rats by means of triton. The serum collected was analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein. The result of the present study revealed that both the aqueous and chloroform extracts of leaves of Solanum spirale Roxb. possess antihyperlipidemic activity.