Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an immense worldwide health threat, predicted to result in as many as 10 million mortalities by 2050. With the stagnation of antibiotic discovery as well as the rapid growth of multidrug-resistant pathogens, novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Microbes engineered or naturally therapeutic—offer innovative approaches for targeted pathogen elimination. These include bacteriophage therapy, engineered probiotics, synthetic biology-based organisms, and microbial consortia. This review synthesizes recent advances, evaluates their clinical potential, and highlights the limitations, regulatory obstacles, and future potential for these novel therapies. Collectively, microbial-based interventions represent a promising, yet underutilized, frontier within the fight over AMR.

Rhinoplasty (RPT) is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic and functional procedures in facial plastic surgery worldwide. More than 200,000 cases are performed each year in the United States. This reconstruction technique is rarely performed in West Africa. After reviewing the literature, no cases have been reported to date. It is in this context that we undertook this work, which aims to describe the technical aspects and results of a functional rhinoplasty case treated in the maxillofacial and plastic surgery department of the military hospital in Dakar, with a review of the literature. We report on closed rhinoplasty for post-traumatic nasal deviation with functional impairment in a 31-year-old police officer who was referred to the department for a specialist consultation reconstructive plastic surgery. The surgical approach consisted of nasal reconstruction combined with septoplasty using the endonasal approach technique under general anesthesia. Four months after surgery, the patient was very satisfied with the morphological and functional results. African noses are generally described as having thick skin and abundant subcutaneous fibro-adipose tissue. The success of the procedure is based on functional and/or aesthetic results and is reflected in patient satisfaction. This African rhinoplasty requires a fundamental understanding of acceptable beauty standards, the associated psychological underpinnings, and the facial and nasal characteristics specific to Africans. Considered one of the most complex procedures, this reconstruction technique deserves to be mastered and practised in Senegal and even in West Africa in order to reduce medical evacuations and medical tourism.

Objectives: To analyze the existing literature on the outcomes of metformin usage among prediabetic patients. Methods: A thorough search across four databases identified 914 relevant publications. After removing duplicates using Rayyan QCRI and screening for relevance, 77 full-text articles were reviewed, with 6 studies ultimately meeting the criteria for inclusion. Results: We included six studies with a total of 295 pre-diabetic patients and 197 (66.8%) were females. Across the included studies, metformin demonstrated consistent benefits in improving insulin sensitivity and lowering fasting glucose and HbA1c levels, particularly when combined with lifestyle interventions such as exercise. Several studies showed delayed or reduced progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Metformin was especially effective in individuals with higher baseline fasting plasma glucose or insulin resistance. Adverse effects were minimal and infrequently reported. However, metformin alone was not universally effective in preventing diabetes, emphasizing the importance of combined interventions. Conclusion: Metformin is a safe and effective adjunct therapy for delaying or preventing T2D in individuals with prediabetes, particularly when used alongside lifestyle changes. Early initiation may offer greater benefits in preserving insulin function and reducing β-cell stress. Future research should explore long-term outcomes and optimal patient selection criteria.

Leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor originating from smooth muscle cells, most commonly affecting the uterus, retroperitoneum, and extremities, while primary involvement of the abdominal wall is exceptionally uncommon. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who presented with a progressively enlarging mass on the left abdominal wall over six months. Imaging studies revealed a 10 × 3.9 × 13 cm well-defined lesion arising from the external oblique muscle, without intra-abdominal extension or distant metastasis. A core needle biopsy demonstrated spindle-shaped tumor cells with elongated, hyperchromatic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA), h-caldesmon, vimentin, CD68, and CD45, and negativity for pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), desmin, CD34, S100, myogenin, MDM2, and EMA, confirming the diagnosis of a pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma rich in osteoclast-like giant cells (FNCLCC grade III). The patient underwent wide local excision with tumor-free (R0) margins. She did not receive adjuvant radiotherapy due to financial constraints. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis and clear resection margins. At six months of follow-up, there was no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis. This case highlights the rarity of primary leiomyosarcoma of the abdominal wall and underscores the importance of imaging, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry for diagnosis. Complete surgical excision with negative margins remains the mainstay of treatment, and long-term follow-up is essential due to the risk of recurrence and metastasis.