Introduction: Neonatal lupus (NL) is a transient disease linked to the transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies, mainly anti-SSA/Ro and sometimes anti-SSB/La. It manifests mainly by predominantly cutaneous forms and a prognosis dependent on cardiac involvement. Observation: We report the case of a four-week-old girl, born at term (37 weeks + 4 days, weight 2.9 kg), who presented since birth with hypopigmented periorbital macules in a vespertilio pattern. Her 36-year-old mother presented with bilateral inflammatory arthralgias with synovitis of the wrists that had been developing for six months. The infant's clinical examination was normal, the electrocardiogram and echocardiography showed no abnormalities, and neonatal laboratory tests were non-contributory. Maternal ANA was 1/800, anti-SSA/Ro were positive in both mother and child, while anti-SSB/La and anti-U1RNP were negative. The diagnosis was neonatal cutaneous lupus erythematosus in the child and systemic lupus with isolated articular expression in the mother. The treatment combined photoprotection and topical hydrocortisone for the infant, and low-dose prednisone and hydroxychloroquine for the mother. At 1 month, the infant's skin lesions completely regressed without sequelae, the ECG remained normal, and the maternal pain had disappeared. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic interest of photosensitive facial eruptions and the importance of joint management of the mother and child, as well as systematic cardiovascular monitoring of newborns exposed to anti-SSA/Ro.

Ocular and oral health are fundamental components of systemic well-being, intricately linked through a complex network of shared risk factors, overlapping inflammatory pathways, and common systemic diseases. Recent advances in biomedical research have increasingly illuminated the bidirectional relationships between these two seemingly distinct anatomical regions, revealing that disturbances in one often reflect or exacerbate pathology in the other. For example, chronic systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disorders manifest with both ocular and oral complications, underscoring the necessity for integrated healthcare approaches. The convergence of ocular and oral health domains necessitates a cross-disciplinary framework that actively involves dentists, pharmacists, and optics technicians to optimize patient outcomes through early detection, comprehensive management, and patient-centered education. Dentists play a pivotal role by identifying oral manifestations indicative of systemic and ocular diseases, managing oral conditions that may influence ocular health, and facilitating timely referrals. Pharmacists contribute critical expertise in medication management, addressing challenges related to polypharmacy, drug-induced adverse effects affecting both the eyes and oral cavity, and ensuring therapeutic adherence. Optics technicians serve as essential facilitators of vision care, conducting preliminary ocular assessments, assisting in the early detection of ocular abnormalities, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to manage systemic conditions with ocular manifestations. This review synthesizes current scientific evidence elucidating the interconnections between ocular and oral health, delineates the distinct yet complementary roles of these healthcare professionals within an integrated care framework, and discusses existing challenges and future directions for fostering effective interdisciplinary collaboration. By embracing such cross-disciplinary approaches, healthcare systems can move towards more holistic, patient-centered models that improve diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic efficacy, and overall quality of life for individuals affected by complex, multisystem diseases.

Patient management of chronic and subacute dorsal pain may be difficult, especially in cases when the patient does not respond to traditional pharmacologic treatment. It has just come to light that the erector spinae plane block is a potentially useful interventional approach for the treatment of regional pain. In patients who were suffering from subacute and chronic dorsal pain, the purpose of this research was to determine whether or not erect spine plane prolotherapy was helpful in significantly lowering pain across a variety of thoracic levels. All of the patients who had undergone erect spine plane prolotherapy at thoracic levels T1–T12 were included in the prospective review that was carried out. Both subacute (pain that lasted for less than three months) and chronic (pain that lasted for more than three months) pain groups were assigned to patients. At baseline, on the first day, one week, and one month after the surgery, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used to evaluate the levels of pain experienced by the patients. In addition, the amount of injection and the block laterality (unilateral vs bilateral) were measured simultaneously. The majority of patients had chronic dorsal pain (n = 173), with T5–T8 and T1–T4 being the most commonly targeted levels. Bilateral erect spine plane prolotherapy were predominantly utilized in chronic cases. Both groups demonstrated substantial pain reduction. In the subacute group, mean NRS scores decreased from 8 at baseline to 2 at one month (75% improvement). Similarly, the chronic group experienced a reduction from 7 to 2 (71% improvement). Prolotherapy performed on the erect spine plane was able to offer considerable and long-lasting pain alleviation in patients suffering from subacute and chronic dorsal pain. The approach was successful at a number of different thoracic levels and has the potential to be a viable option for the therapy of long-term pain, particularly in chronic instances that need bilateral intervention.

Introduction: Recent epidemiological data demonstrate that disease flares often occur without apparent cause but there is evidence that certain environmental factors may trigger the disease such UV light, infections, certain hormones, and drugs. Here, we report a case of systemic lupus erythematosus flare with neuropsychiatric manifestations notably lupus encephalitis, lupus headache, movement disorder, mood disorder, anxiety and cardiovascular manifestation as pulmonary embolism triggered by malaria and urinary infection with Escherichia coli in an elderly Malian woman at the "Polyclinique REVIERA" of Bamako that had been successfully treated. Clinical Observation: An 79-year-old Malian female with history of systemic lupus erythematosus currently under azathioprine, arterial hypertension under candesartan, three episodes of erysipelas, chronic gastritis and a recent history of pulmonary embolism was hospitalized to the "Polyclinique REVIERA" of Bamako with a 5-days history an altered level of consciousness, temporospatial disorientation, broca’s aphasia preceded by a 10-days history of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric pain, pain in joints and fever and a 1-month history of headache developed and persisted despite investigation and treatment associated with insomnia, anxiety, anhedonia, difficulty in concentrating and loss of energy. Neurologic examination was markedly for broca’s aphasia, myoclonia, seizure, and the Glasgow scale was 07/15. Rheumatologic examination revealed pain and tumefaction left elbow joint, but no deformation of the joints. The dermatological examination noted erythematous-squamous placard on 1/3 of the legs, alopecia and intertrigo. The initial SLEDAI score assessment noted a very high activity of diseases with more than 20 points. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus flare with neuropsychiatric manifestations notably lupus encephalitis, lupus headache, movement disorder, mood disorder, anxiety and cardiovascular manifestation as pulmonary embolism triggered by malaria and urinary infection with Escherichia coli was considered. The treatment with prednisone at a dose of 1 mg per kilogram of body weight a day with 1-year tapering course associated with adjuvant treatments preceded by a bolus of 600 mg of methylprednisone was initiated. Azathiopurine at a dose of 75 mg a day was maintained. Hydroxycloroquine at a dose of 400 mg a day was added. Artesunate 120 mg and imipenem cilastatin 500 mg/500 mg were prescribed and adequately administered. Her anterior medications were continued such candesartan 16 mg and rivaroxaban 10 mg. The fifteenth hospital day SLEDAI score assessment noted a mild activity of diseases with 5 points. The patient was discharged with 2-week follow up visit appointment. Conclusion: Our case highlights the importance of discussing lupus encephalitis in any case of encephalitic syndrome, especially after having ruled out infectious and neoplastic causes.

Background: Despite all the strategies put in place by WHO and the International AIDS control program, such as free HIV screening and free distribution of ART’s, large numbers of adolescents and young adults still find it difficult to comply with their treatment regimens. Hence, the purpose of this study to identify the barriers and factors facilitating compliance and non-compliance to ART among HIV positive adolescents and young adults and to evaluate the sense of well-being of the patients receiving treatment at the Buea Regional Hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was carried out at the Buea Regional Hospital from June 1st to August 31st, 2022. A convenient sampling technique was used to enroll consented participants, whereby a structured questionnaire was administered as they came to the treatment center for their appointments. Data was collected from respondents on demographic characteristics, compliance to ART was evaluated using a well-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Excel 2013 at 0.05 significance level. Results: Out of the 150 participants, an overall compliance rate of 68.7% was observed against a non-compliance rate of 31.3%. Taking medication when feeling depressed was significantly (p=0.016) associated to compliance with treatment than sometimes not taking medications when feeling depressed. Moreover, stopping to take medication when feeling depressed was significantly (p=0.010) associated with compliance compared to sometimes not taking medication when feeling depressed. The factors associated with non-compliance were; taking medication when feeling depressed significantly (p=0.016) associated with non-compliance than not taking medication when feeling depressed. Not taking medication sometimes when feeling depressed significantly (p=0.010) associated with non-compliance than not taking medication when feeling depressed. The highest percentage scored for being worried (over the last two weeks) resulted from the fact that most of the participants had little interest in carrying out daily tasks (16.4%). Nevertheless, majority of respondents (76.0%) had a very good sense of well-being characterised by minimal levels of being bothered over the last two weeks. Conclusion: The factors associated with compliance to ART have been categorised as religious, cultural, family and community factors; patient related factors; socio-economic factors; work place related factors; and health care team and system related factors. Some factors such as a female gender, age greater than 49 years, higher levels of education, positive perceptions of treatment, high motivation, satisfaction with information provided by physician and higher CD4 count at initiation of ART were also identified.

Objectives: The study aimed to develop and evaluate floating tablets of Boerhavia diffusa extract to enhance gastric retention and provide controlled release for effective management of diabetes mellitus. Methods: Floating tablets were prepared using Trigonella foenum-graecum mucilage and HPMC K100M by wet granulation. Pre-formulation studies, FTIR compatibility tests, and phytochemical screening were performed. The tablets were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters, in-vitro buoyancy, swelling index, dissolution, kinetic modeling, and stability studies as per ICH guidelines. Results: All formulations showed acceptable micromeritic properties and mechanical strength. The swelling index increased progressively up to 8 h, with formulation F5 exhibiting the highest swelling capacity. In-vitro buoyancy tests confirmed floating lag times of less than 1 min and sustained flotation for more than 10 h. Dissolution studies demonstrated drug release in the range of 70.61–89.56% over 12 h, with F5 showing the most controlled release profile. Kinetic modeling indicated zero-order release with non-Fickian diffusion. Stability testing over three months confirmed no significant changes in hardness, drug content, or release characteristics. Conclusion: The optimized formulation (F5) demonstrated desirable swelling, buoyancy, and sustained release properties, establishing Boerhavia diffusa floating tablets as a promising gastro-retentive delivery system with potential therapeutic benefits in diabetes management.

The intricate and bidirectional relationship between nutrition and oral health is a cornerstone of modern preventive medicine. Diet is a primary etiological factor in the most prevalent oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontal disease, and dental erosion, while compromised oral health status directly impairs nutritional intake and systemic well-being. Despite overwhelming scientific evidence and consensus from global health organizations, a significant gap persists between the recognized importance of nutrition and its integration into dental education curricula worldwide. This review provides an evidence-based analysis of the current state of nutrition education in dental schools, its impact on clinical practice, and the future directions for reform. A comprehensive review of the scientific foundations reveals the specific roles of macro- and micronutrients in oral tissue homeostasis and the pathophysiology of oral diseases. A global analysis of dental curricula indicates a widespread deficiency in dedicated, clinically relevant nutrition instruction, characterized by insufficient hours, a lack of standardized competencies, and a shortage of faculty with expertise in applied nutrition. This educational deficit translates into a dental workforce that, while acknowledging the importance of nutrition, often lacks the confidence and skills to provide effective patient counseling. Clinician, patient, and system-level barriers further impede the implementation of nutritional interventions in practice. This review examines evidence-based pedagogical models poised to address these deficiencies, including competency-based frameworks, spiral curricula, and interprofessional education (IPE) programs that foster collaboration between dentistry, dietetics, and other health disciplines. Technology and artificial intelligence are also emerging as powerful tools to enhance both education and patient communication. Based on this synthesis, a series of actionable recommendations are proposed for educational institutions, accreditation bodies, clinicians, and researchers. The central conclusion is that the effective integration of nutrition into dental curricula is not merely an addition to an existing program but a fundamental paradigm shift necessary to equip future oral health professionals for a role in comprehensive, preventive, and integrated health care.

Introduction: KMC has been documented as a safe and effective alternative method of care of low birth weight (LBW) babies in developing as well as developed countries to meet the baby’s need for warmth, breast feeding, protection from infection, stimulation, safety and love; improving maternal confidence and lactation and promoting early hospital discharge. [1] In terms of cost and impact on neonatal survival, it has comparative advantages over the conventional method of care (CMC). [2] But still KMC is not a widely practiced method of care of LBW babies in India. This study aimed at reviewing the evidence concerning the progress of KMC implementation and its health benefits especially in India. Methods: A prospective cohort study including inborn babies with birth weight <1800g with their mothers/ care givers was conducted at SNCU, Medical College, Kolkata over a period of 1 year from January to December 2023. Babies with hemodynamic instability and major congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. Results: 480 LBW (<1800g) babies were followed till discharge or 40 week post menstrual age, which ever was earlier. The babies having KMC had significant reduction of hypothermia (p value 0.03) and incidence of sepsis (p value 0.003). KMC was found to be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of mortality (RR 0.7). KMC group had earlier initiation of breastfeeding (mean difference 3 days), increased rate of daily weight gain (mean difference 5.61 g/day), earlier regaining of birth weight (mean difference 5.22 days) and decrease in duration of hospital stay (mean difference 2 days). Conclusion: This study supports the use of KMC in LBW (<1800g) as an adjunct to conventional neonatal care mainly in resource limited settings. KMC has significant positive impact on initiation and sustaining breast feeding, growth parameters and mother infant bonding.

Background: Lack of knowledge and training of Health Care Providers (HCPs) in managing Pediatric Emergencies often lead to increased referral from Subdistrict hospitals, even without prior stabilization. Methods: A Quasi-experimental study done in a Subdistrict hospital in West Bengal, India, to identify the gaps in health care quality and safety as per National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS). Training was arranged for HCPs and the effects on hospital referral rate was analyzed. 18 Emergency Medical Officers (EMOs) and 18 Emergency nurses were included in this study following convenience sampling. Multidisciplinary teams of 6 participants were trained every weekly, from January to June in 2024 on management of common pediatric emergencies. Results: Significant improvement was noted in confidence, knowledge and attitude of HCPs in managing common pediatric emergencies. There has been significant (15%) improvement in NQAS Hospital Score, p value <0.001, decrease in hospital referral rate (9.43% to 6.61%) and mortality rate (2.46% to 1.23%) from January to June 2024.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition characterized by hyperglycemia and typically managed with insulin. Improved glycemic control often results in weight gain, increasing the risk of comorbid disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and eating disorders (EDs). Eating disorders (ED) are one of the most prevalent mental issues that today's teenagers confront, characterized by a distorted attitude toward weight and form, as well as a distorted sense of body shape. Patients with T1DM are also more prone to anxiety and depression, which may negatively impact metabolic control. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Diabetes Treatment Center (DTC) of Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh. A total of 150 adults with T1DM (aged 14–40 years) participated. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, including demographic and clinical variables, the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) for DEBs, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed using SPSS v23. Results: DEBs were reported in 32.0% of females and 25.3% of males, with no statistically significant gender difference. Depression prevalence was 4.0% in females and 1.3% in males. Anxiety was significantly higher in females (16.0%) compared to males (5.3%, p = 0.009). No significant associations were found between DEBs, anxiety, or depression and age, HbA1c, insulin type, BMI, smoking status, or duration of diabetes. Conclusion: Psychological comorbidities are common among adults with T1DM, particularly in females. Anxiety and DEB symptoms affect quality of life and should be prioritized in diabetes care. Routine screening and tailored interventions are recommended.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus comprises a spectrum of metabolic disorders characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia arising from inadequate insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both; acute metabolic complications (AMCs) are abrupt metabolic derangements directly related to the natural history of diabetes. We sought to quantify the frequency of AMCs among emergency department admissions, describe their epidemiological and diagnostic profiles, and identify factors associated with their occurrence. Methods: Twelve-month retrospective descriptive analytic study at the Emergency Department of the National Hospital Center Cheikh Ahmadoul Khadim (Touba), including all adults (≥18 years) with known or newly diagnosed diabetes admitted for an AMC. Variables covered demographics, diabetes characteristics, presentation, precipitants, management, and short-term outcomes. Results: Among 141 eligible records, AMCs accounted for 1.8% of admissions. Mean age was 55 ± 15 years ; male-to-female ratio 1.27. Type 2 diabetes predominated (93.7%) ; duration <5 years in 53.1%. Fourteen percent were not on antidiabetic therapy; hypertension coexisted in 21.13%. The commonest presenting complaint was classic hyperglycaemic symptoms (polyuria–polydipsia) (28.4%). AMC types were isolated hyperglycaemia 62.4%, diabetic ketoacidosis 31.2%, and severe hypoglycaemia 6.4% ; in 21.27%, the AMC revealed previously undiagnosed diabetes. Principal precipitants were infection (34.75% ; with skin/soft-tissue sites in 48.9% of infections), drug-related causes (34%), and non-adherence (14%). Management yielded rapid stabilisation : 56% were observed for <24 hours, while 44% required admission (mean length of stay 2.1 ± 1.8 days). No in-hospital deaths occurred. Conclusions: In this referral emergency setting, AMCs represent a meaningful yet manageable burden and function as a barometer of diabetes care quality. Their frequency sometimes without an obvious trigger underscores gaps in screening, therapeutic education, and access to specialised care. These findings support strengthened prevention, standardised emergency department protocols, and system-level organisation of diabetes services.

Background: Lack of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Awareness is a big health challenge in India. Among India’s population less than 2% are aware of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). About 4,280 people per one lakh population are getting cardiac arrest per year in this country. Every minute 112 people are succumbing to cardiac arrest. Methods: CPR Mass Awareness Programs are being conducted in different parts of India to spread the knowledge and skills of basic life support among the common people as well as the health care providers. The CPR week is observed every year around 21st July to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr Anand Shandilya, a torch bearer in this journey of IAP CPR Mass Awareness activities in India. Presently, three different CPR Mass Awareness Programs are being organized. IAP CPR Mass Awareness Program for Health care providers (Sanjeevni). Table 1 Hands on training in IAP CPR following e-Sanjeevni, i.e. an e-BLS module (Digital CPR) with online videos and post- test developed during COVID 19 pandemic. Table 2 [1] non-medical persons certificate course in IAP CPR. Table 3 Results: 3633 participants with 1319 Health care providers, 487 MBBS students and 2087 non-medical persons were trained in the skills of basic life support by hands on practice on CPR manikins in different parts of West Bengal following a structured course.

Background: Adherence to treatment is crucial for achieving effective glycaemic control and preventing complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, poor adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions remains a significant barrier worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of treatment non-adherence among patients with T2DM, identify socio-demographic and clinical factors influencing adherence, and examine its impact on glycaemic control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a secondary care hospital in King Koti, Hyderabad, from March to August 2025. One hundred patients with T2DM were randomly recruited. Data were collected via structured questionnaires assessing sociodemographic information, treatment adherence (pharmacological and lifestyle), glycaemic monitoring practices, comorbidities, and barriers to adherence. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 54.66 years for males and 53.69 years for females. A majority (93%) resided in urban areas. Obesity was prevalent in 91% of participants, higher among females (53%) than males (38%). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (45%). Pharmacological adherence was better, with 63% on dual therapy; however, 15% reported medication non-adherence, which was more common in females (11%). Non-pharmacological adherence was poor, with only 53% following dietary recommendations and a mere 15% engaging in regular exercise. HbA1c testing was performed in 34%, mostly showing abnormal values. Forgetfulness, lack of awareness, and neglect of lifestyle modifications were the principal reasons for non-adherence. Conclusion: Non-adherence to treatment, especially lifestyle modification, remains a critical barrier to effective glycaemic control in T2DM. Along with general physician, pharmacist-led personalized counselling and structured education programs are recommended to improve adherence and diabetes outcomes in secondary care settings. In summary, the study findings validate and extend previous research emphasizing that medication adherence alone is insufficient to achieve optimal glycaemic control without concurrent lifestyle adherence and adequate monitoring. Addressing these multifactorial barriers requires a holistic, multidisciplinary, and patient-centered approach to diabetes management.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder that persists into adulthood in nearly two-thirds of cases. In adults, particularly in women, it often remains underdiagnosed, masked by anxiety or depressive disorders. Since familial transmission is well documented, a diagnosis in a child can sometimes be revealed in a parent. Observation: We report the case of a 35-year-old single mother presenting emotional exhaustion and relational difficulties with her 7-year-old son recently diagnosed with ADHD. The patient's developmental trajectory and life course suggested adult ADHD, reassured by the positive screening on the Adult Self-Report Scale for ADHD (ASRS-v1.1). The patient presented parental exhaustion with a marked reluctance towards psycho-stimulant treatment. Psycho-education was initiated and she agreed to take symptomatic treatment with hypnotics and anxiolytics. Conclusion: This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of adult ADHD, often masked by depressive comorbidities and anxiety-inducing emotional exhaustion. Diagnosis in children should prompt systematic exploration of the parents' developmental history. It also highlights the obstacles related to pharmacological treatment, particularly when the previous experience of psychotropic drugs is negative. The mother-child mirror effect reveals the intergenerational dimension of the disorder. Progressive support, respectful of therapeutic resistance, appears essential to encourage adherence to care, thereby improving the quality of the mother-child relationship.

Gender incongruence in adolescents is an increasingly common clinical problem in child psychiatry, often associated with significant psychological distress. When accompanied by depressive symptoms and school refusal, it poses a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This article presents the case of a 14-year-old adolescent girl, seen for school withdrawal and mood disorder, in whom persistent gender incongruity was identified. The proposed clinical analysis aimed to explore the psycho-pathological links between gender identity, depression and dropping out of school, and discussed the clinical and ethical implications. In this context, care raises many questions around consent, the temporality of decisions, and the potential psychiatrization of the adolescent journey. It is essential to provide a space for free speech, without any specific direction. The role of caregivers is to enable a safe exploration of identity, while avoiding premature medical projections.

Dyslipidaemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A lipid profile of an organism is a direct measure of three blood components namely; total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and high density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C). Hypercholesterolemia is a lipoprotein metabolic disorder characterized by high serum low density lipoprotein and blood cholesterol and one of the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and lipid abnormalities. There have been many claims that most, if not all brands of vegetable oil in Nigeria is cholesterol free. Hence the study was undertaken to see the effect of vegetable oils in Nigeria on the lipid profile of albino rats induced with dyslipidaemia using dexamethasone. The phytochemical analysis and lipid profiles of albino rats treated with two vegetable oils were undertaken. Five groups of five rats were used in the study as follows: Group 1: Normal control- no induction no treatment, Group 2: Induction of dyslipidemia using dexamethasone (1 mg/kg bw) for 5 days only, Group 3: Treatment of induced dyslipidemia using a standard statin (20 mg/kg bw), Group 4: Induction + 3 ml/kg bw vegetable oil after induction, Group 5: Treatment without dyslipidemia using vegetable oil (3 ml/kg bw). The treatment lasted for 14 days and thereafter, the rats were fasted overnight and blood samples were taken through ocular puncture. The results showed various phytochemicals such as terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and alkaloids. The lipid profiles of the albino rats revealed that a non-significant (P>0.05) increase was observed in serum total cholesterol level of groups 3 and 5 when compared to group 2 while group 4 recorded a non-significant (P>0.05) decrease when compared to group 2. There was a non-significant (P>0.05) increase in serum triacylglycerol level of groups 3, 4, and 5 when compared to group 2. The result also showed a non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in serum HDL level in groups 3, 4, and 5 compared to group 2. Also, group 3 indicated a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum LDL level compared to group 2 while group 4 recorded a non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in serum LDL level compared to group 2. However, a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum LDL level was recorded in group 5 compared to group 2. The second vegetable oil revealed that group 3 indicated a non-significant (p>0.05) increase in total cholesterol level while groups 4 and 5 recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease compared to group 2. Groups 3, 4 and 5 recorded a non-significant (p>0.05) increase in TAG compared to group 2. Group 3 recorded a significant (p<0.05) increase in LDL compared to group 2. Group 4 recorded a non-significant (p>0.05) decrease while group 5 recorded a significant (p<0.05) decrease in LDL compared to group 2. Groups 3, and 5 recorded a non-significant (p>0.05) decrease in HDL compared to group 2. Group 4 showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in HDL compared to group 2. However, among the oil treated groups, TAG was found to be within range compared to the control group. Thus, the results of this present study imply that the consumption of vegetable oil for a long time could influence the risk of cardiovascular disease since they elicited an elevation of LDL-cholesterol and lowered HDL-cholesterol. Caution should, therefore, be applied on the consumption of vegetable oils as continuous use may have impact on lipid profile thereby causing dyslipidaemia.