Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of drug abuse among the Saudi population. Methods: To locate relevant material, we searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Science Direct thoroughly. The Rayyan QRCI was used during the procedure. Results: We included six studies with a total of 33222 patients, and 20,803 (62.6%) were males. Drug abuse prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 58.8%. The most common drugs used were amphetamine-cannabis benzodiazepine, Amphetamines & cannabis, Stimulants & cannabis, Heroin & alcohol, Khat chewing, and Marijuna & narcotic drugs. Patients' age, smoking habits, past medical history, and age at the beginning of drug use, male gender unmarried people, and Saudi nationals, used drugs at substantially greater rates. Interestingly, participants with higher education levels were more likely to use drugs such as amphetamines and cannabis while lower educational attainment were more likely to use Khat. Conclusion: When it came to substance misuse, the general Saudi population that visited health facilities had a pretty high rate. In light of these findings, we recommend carrying out additional research to obtain more precise and pertinent information about the incidence of substance usage in Saudi Arabia. To determine the incidence of morphine abuse across various populations, including healthcare professionals and people with chronic pain—such as sickle cell patients—we advised conducting additional research.

Background: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) has proposed as a non-invasive method for estimating the severity of fibrosis and the complications of cirrhosis. Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for assessing the presence of portal hypertension, but its invasiveness limits its clinical application. The aim of our study is to investigate if LSM could predict the size of Esophageal varices (EV) in patients with liver cirrhosis to limit upper endoscopic procedures only to those patients that really need it (patients with large EV or EV at risk for bleeding). Methods: Our retrospective study includes 46 cirrhotic patients over a period of 40 months between January 2019 and April 2022, at the Service of Digestive Functional Explorations of Hepato-gastroenterology of the University hospital Ibn-Sina of RABAT, all patients underwent a liver stiffness measurement by Transient elastography FibroScan. Results: Of the 46 cirrhotic patients included in this study, with a mean age of 58.5(21-90) years, 18 (39.1%) of patients were male and 28(60.9%) were female. the predominant etiology of cirrhosis was chronic viral hepatitis C 20 (43.5%). The area under the ROC curve of the diagnosis of large EVs (EV≥II) was 0.724 (95%CI). The optimal cut-off of elasticity was 20.5 for this purpose, with a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 94.74%. Conclusions: these results indicate that Transient elastography FibroScan is a reliable, non-invasive method to assess portal hypertension and can be used for the screening and diagnosis of clinically significant portal hypertension.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) represents a complex endocrinopathy with significant metabolic implications. The Rotterdam criteria establish the diagnosis based on the presence of two of three criteria: ultrasound-confirmed polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, and persistent anovulation. Objective: Our objective was to investigate hormonal and anthropometric parameters in PCOS patients compared to controls, aiming to elucidate predictive markers and metabolic aberrations. Method: A case-control study comprising 50 PCOS subjects and 50 controls was conducted, focusing on females aged 18-40 attending an obstetrics and gynecology department, Tertiary hospital. Hormonal assays and anthropometric measurements were performed following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Significant differences emerged between PCOS and control groups across various parameters. PCOS individuals displayed elevated levels of TSH, LH, FSH, and prolactin, coupled with increased BMI and altered waist-to-hip ratio, indicating early metabolic disruptions. Notably, the LH:FSH ratio was lower in PCOS subjects, suggesting hormonal imbalances. Conclusion: High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, LH, FSH, and prolactin, coupled with elevated body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, served as indicators of PCOS and early metabolic irregularities.

Diabetes during pregnancy, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-existing diabetes, presents significant challenges to maternal and fetal health. Clinical populations encompass diverse pregnant individuals, each with unique risk factors and outcomes related to diabetes in pregnancy. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize findings from eligible studies conducted between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2023, sourced from Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Database of literature Reviews, to comprehensively examine diabetes during pregnancy within clinical populations. We followed established systematic review methodologies, including study selection, data extraction, and analysis. Eligible studies underwent rigorous screening to ensure relevance and quality. Data were systematically extracted to identify trends and patterns in epidemiology, risk factors, clinical management, and outcomes. Among the 15 eligible studies, our analysis revealed variations in the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy across clinical populations, ranging from 5% to 15%. Socioeconomic factors, ethnicity, and maternal age were significant risk factors. Clinical management strategies varied, with insulin therapy predominant in pre-existing diabetes cases (68%) and dietary interventions in GDM (45%). Fetal macrosomia occurred in 18% of cases, while neonatal hypoglycemia affected 14% of infants born to mothers with diabetes. This systematic literature review highlights the multifaceted nature of diabetes during pregnancy in clinical populations. Variations in prevalence and risk factors underscore the importance of tailored healthcare interventions. Diverse management approaches necessitate individualized care plans. The prevalence of adverse outcomes necessitates vigilant monitoring and timely interventions. Our findings inform evidence-based practices research priorities, and support improved care for pregnant individuals with diabetes in clinical populations.

Hypertension during pregnancy poses a substantial risk to maternal and fetal health. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of hypertension during pregnancy. To comprehensively assess the global landscape of hypertension during pregnancy by identifying and analyzing eligible studies. We systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science, from inception until December 2023. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Data were extracted, and the quality of included studies was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed where appropriate. Among the 56 eligible studies, the pooled prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy was 12.3% (95% CI: 10.1%–14.5%). Common risk factors included maternal age >35 years (33.5%), obesity (27.8%), and previous hypertensive conditions (18.6%). Maternal complications were observed in 45.2% of cases, with preterm birth (23.7%) and low birth weight (18.9%) being predominant adverse outcomes. Variations in prevalence and risk factors were noted across geographic regions. This systematic review underscores the global burden of hypertension during pregnancy and its association with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Key risk factors highlight the importance of targeted interventions and antenatal care strategies. Further research is needed to understand regional disparities and improve prevention and management strategies.

The aim of performing this study is to develop matrix tablet to improve the dissolution rate of aceclofenac and release the drug in a controlled manner over a period of 24 hours. Matrix tablets of aceclofenac, using various viscosity of hydrophilic polymer HPMC in two different proportions, hydrophobic polymer ethyl cellulose and Guar gum were prepared by wet granulation method and subjected to in vitro drug release studies. Tablets were evaluated for in vitro drug release profile in phosphate buffer with pH 7.5. The thickness and hardness of prepared tablets were 3.8 ± 0.2 to 3.9 ±0.2 mm and 4 ± 3 to 5 ± 3 kg/cm2, respectively. The friability was within the acceptable limits of pharmacopeial specifications (0.31 to 0.71%), which indicates the good mechanical strength of the tablets. The in vitro drug release from the proposed system was best explained by Higuchi’s model, indicating that drug release from tablets displayed a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Based on the study results, formulation F7 was selected as the best formulation.

This abstract outline the use of Tamsulosin, a selective α (1A and 1D)-adrenoreceptor blocker, to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study's background highlights the most prevalent symptoms and prevalence of BPH in elderly men. The research objective and goal are to better understand the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dose, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerance of Tamsulosin, particularly in its modified release (MR) version. Considering evidence-based medicines have recently been made available, the treatment approach for current cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia has evolved. Considerations including therapeutic benefits, potential for morbidity, likely long-term effectiveness, and expenses must be made before selecting a therapy to relieve symptoms. When individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia report with symptoms related to the lower urinary tract, the main treatment option is α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists. The technique includes a review of the literature on Tamsulosin's development, discovery, and approval, as well as its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The findings show that Tamsulosin MR is successful in treating BPH, with a preference for the 0.4mg once-daily dose.

Meckel's diverticulitis or meckelitis is the infection of the Meckel's diverticulum. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects in the pediatric surgery department of the Nianankoro FOMBA hospital in Ségou, Mali. This was a retrospective study concerning observations between July 2010 and June 2012. We reported 5 observations in 2 years, representing a frequency of 2.5 cases per year. The average age was 6.6 years and the sex ratio was 1.5. Diagnostically, abdominal pain was the main reason for consultation followed by fever and vomiting. Physical examination found in all cases abdominal pain more or less associated with guarding in the right iliac fossa and peri-umbilical area. Abdominal bloating and contracture were noted in one case. There was hyperleukocytosis in all our 5 observations. The diagnosis was an operative discovery in 4 cases. Ultrasound was contributory in one case. Therapeutically, segmental resection of the small intestine removing the diverticulum, followed by immediate end-to-end anastomosis of the small intestine was the only technique performed in all our patients. The postoperative course was simple in 4 cases. A wall abscess with a favorable outcome was noted. Histological examination confirmed meckelitis at different stages (inflammatory, abscessed, gangrenous or necrotic). Gastric heterotopia was noted in one observation.

Hyper-IgE syndrome (also known as Job or Buckley syndrome) is a hereditary immune deficiency of autosomal dominant inheritance. It is clinically characterized by the occurrence of recurrent staphylococcal, skin abscesses, bacterial and fungal pneumopathies, and a significant increase in immunoglobulin E. Its association with systemic lupus erythematosus has been described, the mechanism of which involves the deposition of immune complexes. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with hyper IgE syndrome who was admitted to our clinic with severe renal failure, diagnosed as lupus glomerulonephritis on kidney biopsy.

Background: The magnitude of health problems related to ear and nose in Bangladesh has not been estimated in a larger scale and very little is known about the prevalence and types of ENT diseases. Commonest cause of hearing impairment in our country is middle ear infection. Conductive type of deafness mostly occurs due to otitis media with or without its complications. Goal of primary health eare services is to achieve "Sound hearing by 2030" will never be achieved if we could not find out possible association of middle ear disease with other health conditions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ear and nasal diseases in Bangladeshi patients. Methods: Two hundred patients complaining of middle ear discharge and or nasal symptoms were included in this study, to see the association of COM with nasal disorders. This cross sectional study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2012 to June 2014.Sample was taken by purposive sampling. Sample was divided into four groups as exposed and diseased, exposed and not diseased, not exposed diseased and not exposed and not diseased. Results: Two hundred patients were studied in the department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital complaining of either COM or Sinonasal disease. Among them 107 were female and 93 were male and male female ratio was 1:1.15. On analyzing age distribution it was ranging from 10 years to 50 years with mean age 30±7.86% clustering around 25 years. This study revealed that 65 % of COM is in the age group of 10-30 years. Conclusion: A study on the prevalence of the Ear Nose throat and Head and Neck diseases in developing country like Bangladesh can provide basic data which can be relevant and beneficial to the development of medical ENT curriculum in the regional setup and subsequent medical practice.

The raw fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia plant and its commercially available formulation in the market as Noni max (Best-selling brand of Brihans pharmaceutical in India and abroad) were obtained from Brihans Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Mulund, Mumbai, India. 80 Wistar rats of either sex weighing between 200 to 250 gms were used for experimentation. In the present study, it was found that the Morinda citrifolia fruit extract and its formulation found safe for the developmental stages of foetus. It was also found that there was no significant difference was noted in body weight and the relative weight of the ovary, uterus and placenta of female rat. There was no structural and functional manifestation was noted in the developing foetusin the pregnant female rats. From the present study it is confirm that, both Morinda citrifolia fruit extract and its formulation (Noni max) did not produce any teratogenic effect in rats up to 1000 mg/kg and 40 ml/kg respectively.