Long covid syndrome is a condition that persists in patients infected with SARS Covid 19 virus which may affect several organ systems. These individuals do not completely recover and symptoms may persist for a long time. There is a high risk of infection in post covid syndrome as the immune system gets suppressed. Cough and dyspnea were the most reported symptoms within the subjects. Patients with comorbidities have a high risk of hospitalization, the most prevalent comorbidity being diabetes mellitus followed by hypertension. Cardiovascular and pulmonary complications were most prevalent among the study subjects. The blood group related evaluation helps in studying the prevalence of long Covid in each blood type and to find the most susceptible group to persisting symptoms of Covid-19. The evaluation of lab parameters helped in understanding the pattern of lab changes in the affected individuals. The changes in the quality of life are topics of discussion, as the persisting symptoms may affect the everyday life of the affected individuals. Using a set of standard questionnaires, the quality of life was calculated qualitatively and conclusions were derived.

Anthropometry can be defined as the art and science of measurements of physical dimensions of parts or whole of human body. Cephalofacial measurement is an important anthropometry, which generates data that form important indices for studying brain growth and formation of facial types. This descriptive study involves 390 Ogoni Children (215 males and 175 females) between the ages of 5-12 years. Since very few studies have been done on Nigerian infants, the aim of this study is to evaluate the Cephalofacial morphology of Ogoni Children and describe sexual dimorphism among the population study. The length and width of the head and face of each subject was measured to determine the cephalic Index and facial Index of each subject and evaluate the prevalent head and face type of the population study. The results showed that mean values of the cephalic and facial indices were higher for males than females. The mean cephalic Index values were 71.85±3.79 and 71.79±3.86 for males and females respectively. The difference in these values were not found to be statistically significant and thus cannot be useful in describing sexual dimorphism among the study population (p>0.05). The mean facial Index values were 85.35±6.05 and 83.86±4.86 for males and females respectively. The difference found in these values were statistically significant (p<0.05) and thus was useful in describing sexual dimorphism. The results also showed that dolichocephalic head type was the most prevalent with males (47.44%) having a higher percentage prevalence than females (41.71%), while euryprosopic facial type was the most prevalent with females (42.29%) having a higher percentage prevalence than males (37.21%).

Background: Nasal foreign body (NFB) refers to an object which lodges into nasal cavity. A case of 11 years old boy who presented at our clinic with a three year history of nasal bromihidrosis and discharge from the nostrils was reported by the parents, and added that it was persistent since one year ago. Methods: A dark object was visualized at the turbinate of the right nostril. The visible object was sounded with a forceps extractor to confirm the nature of the object. The nose was swabbed; debris cleaned and with the forceps extractor a gentle traction was carried out as the forceps grabbed the object. There was little or no resistance but two attempts to grab the object failed. On the third attempt, the forceps was able grip the object firmly and on pulling, the object was gently extracted from the area of impaction behind the right turbinate. Conclusion: The NFB was observed to be a stone embedded with purulent nasal discharge. This case emphasizes the need for parents and caregivers to be aware of the complications associated with presence of NFBs and need to seek prompt medical attention.

Cancer is one of the most leading causes of mortality in the general population. Most cancers are accompanied with pain. Pain management in cancer is just as important as treatment of cancer for better quality of life for the patient. The primary objective of the study includes the role of opioids in managing cancer pain and also check for dose titrations, ADRs of opioids and its management and the role of Co-Analgesics used in Cancer Pain Management. A retrospective, observational study of 5 years from 1st June 2016 to 31st May 2021. The study was conducted in the Oncology department of Lourde’s hospital, Kochi which is a tertiary care teaching hospital.98 patients admitted in the oncology department who were taking opioids for their cancer pain management and who were included based on the inclusion criteria .The patient’s pain scores were obtained and statistical analysis was done, which showed p < 0.001, there is a significant difference existing between pain among cancer patients before and after taking opioids. This proves that there is a significant reduction in pain after taking opioids. All patients received adequate dose titration (100%) and the main ADR recorded was constipation [22.4%]. Also the use of co-analgesics significantly plays a role in mitigating the pain intensity in patients with cancer. The study found that the use of opioids as analgesic medication for cancer patients is the cornerstone for cancer pain management because of the effectiveness of opioids in mitigating pain.

Acute pancreatitis associated with pregnancy occurs mostly in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period, mainly caused by biliary lithiasis. Its incidence is approximately 1 in 1000 to 3000 pregnancies [1]. Maternal and fetal mortality due to acute pancreatitis occurring during pregnancy has fallen in recent years thanks to medico-technical advances in intensive care units with better management of severe attacks and better management of premature newborns. The clinical presentation is often atypical in pregnant women and the possibilities of imaging and surgery are limited. Acute pancreatitis can be treated medically but surgery becomes necessary if there is no improvement under medical treatment.

Background: Achalasia is a medical ailment characterized by irregular contractions of the esophagus and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. This condition results in difficulty swallowing food and liquids, and often leads to regurgitation and heartburn. Case presentation: This case report describes a 36-year-old female patient who presented with difficulty swallowing, heartburn, chest pain, and coughing while eating or drinking. The patient had lost significant weight despite a good appetite, and a physical examination revealed poor nutrition. Esophageal manometry confirmed the diagnosis of Achalasia Type 1, and endoscopy showed severe Candida esophagitis and a very dilated esophagus with diverticula. Due to the patient's condition and endoscopic finding of diverticula, surgery was considered, as she did not qualify for the Peroral Endoscopic Myomectomy (POEM) procedure. The patient was treated with fluconazole to address the esophageal candidiasis, and NG feeding was initiated to improve weight and nutrition. After recovering, the patient underwent a laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication using a video laryngoscope to facilitate intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with O2/air with Sevoflurane, and the patient was extubated and transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. Conclusion: Achalasia is a frequently researched esophageal motility disorder that is distinguished by inadequate relaxation of the LES and absent or irregular peristalsis in the esophagus. Common symptoms in most patients include difficulty swallowing solids and liquids, regurgitation, and varying degrees of weight loss. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment of Achalasia Type 1, as well as the use of rapid sequence induction and proper anesthesia techniques during surgery.

Medical errors are a significant concern in healthcare systems worldwide, posing risks to patient safety and quality of care. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of medical errors, their types, causes, and potential solutions, based on current literature. The review highlights the importance of addressing medical errors through a multidisciplinary approach, including improved communication, enhanced education and training, the implementation of technology and artificial intelligence, and quality improvement initiatives. It also emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring and reporting of medical errors to drive change and improve patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with significant potential to revolutionize healthcare. The application of AI in healthcare has opened up new avenues for improving diagnostics, treatment planning, patient monitoring, and healthcare management.

Background: An increase in the left atrial volume index (LAVI) has been recognized as an important indicator of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), which is considered a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events. The left atrium plays a crucial role in maintaining efficient cardiac function by facilitating proper blood flow between the pulmonary veins and the left ventricle during diastole. Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the relationship between Left Atrial Volume and Diastolic Dysfunction in 500 Bangladeshi Patients. Method: From January 2022 to January 2023, researchers at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh analyzed data from 500 patients in need of a transthoracic echo in the cardiology department. Patients were people aged 20 to 86 with a history free of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, pacemaker usage, valvular disease (other than minor), or congenital cardiopathy who presented with sinus rhythm. Forty-five people were left out because their tests were either too limited to assess mitral diastolic flow (n = 35) or too limited to assess left atrial volume index (n = 10). Five hundred patients were used as the study's final sample size. Results: The average age and proportion of men in the DD groups were both greater than in the normal function group. The DD groups had more left ventricular mass than the controls. Only in the group with ventricular filling limitation pattern (grade III DD), was the ejection fraction significantly decreased. LAVI and dimensions both rose as DD severity increased, from 21 4.2 mL/m2 in grade I to 26.1 7.5 mL/m2 in grade II to 50.4 2.8 mL/m2 in grade III (p 0.001). In addition, the grade I DD groups (altered relaxation) showed a relative decrease in the E-wave and the E/A ratio, and an increase in the mitral deceleration time, when compared to the normal diastolic function group; the opposite was seen in the group with grade III DD (restrictive pattern). All DD subtypes had weaker e' waves compared to those with normal diastolic function. As DD progressed, a rise in the E/e' ratio was seen. LAVI was positively correlated with age, left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic volumes, LV wall relative thickness, LV mass indexed to height raised to the 2.7th power, and E/e' ratio (all p 0.01). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between left atrial volume index and left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as between the e' wave and the septal mitral anulus. Conclusion: According to this study in a Bangladeshi population, DD contributes to left atrial remodelling, and a rise in LAVI is an indicator of DD severity. In this cohort with preserved or slightly reduced mean ejection fraction and no substantial valvular heart disease, LAVI increase determinants are related to age, left ventricular hypertrophy, higher filling pressure, and impaired LV systolic performance.

Introduction: The dilation of the bile ducts which the obstacle could not be visualized by conventional imaging, constitutes a daily challenge in our medical practice. This work aims to evaluate the frequency and the role of biliopancreatic echo-endoscopy in the etiological diagnosis of bile duct dilatation. Material and methods: This is a descriptive and monocentric retrospective study conducted within the department of 'Digestive Functional Explorations and Hepato-gastro-enterology' at the Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, from September 2015 to April 2023. It includes 115 patients admitted for dilation of the common bile duct with no visible obstacle to conventional imaging and who underwent a bilio-pancreatic echo-endoscopy. Results: Our study included 81 patients, whose mean age was 61.2 years with a clear female predominance. Echo-endoscopy confirmed the presence of bile duct dilation in 67% of cases. It established an etiological diagnosis in 82% of cases. Lithiasis of the common bile duct was found in 42,9% of cases, followed by cystic dilation in 12,9% of cases and chronic pancreatitis in 5.2% of cases. A pancreatic tumor has been revealed in 3,8% of cases as well as an ampulloma in 3,8% of cases. Conclusion: Our study, despite its limitations, highlight the role and performance of biliopancreatic echoendoscopy in the etiological diagnosis of bile duct dilatation without any visible obstacle to conventional imaging.

Acute cholangitis is defined by an infection of the bile ducts due to an obstacle preventing bile flow. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Aim of the Study: Report epidemiological, etiological, therapeutic and evolutionary cholangitis. Materials: This is a descriptive prospective study, spanning a period from September 2020 to April 2023. Patients with acute cholangitis were included. Results: We collected 102 cases. The average age was 63 years old with a Sex ratio M/W: 1.37. 18 patients (17.6%) had a history of cholecystectomy. Abdominal ultrasound was sufficient to visualize the obstruction in 32 (32%) patients. The lithiasic origin was revealed in 54 (53%) cases, pancreatic head tumor in 16 (15.7%), cholangiocarcinoma in 17 (16.6%), ruptured hydatid cyst in the biliary tract in 7 (7%). 100 (98%) patients benefited from endoscopic treatment and 2 (2%) benefited from surgical treatment. Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy was performed in 84 (84%) patients and sphincteroclasia in 9 (9%) patients. Extraction of the stones or hydatid membranes by balloon was performed in 55 (55%) cases. Mechanical lithotricy was necessary in 1 (1%) case. A biliary prosthesis was placed in 52 (52%) patients (Picture 3). The single-stage success rate was obtained in 91 (91%) cases, 8 patients (8%) required a second stage. The early complication rate after endoscopic managment was 10% (n=10) with a death rate of 5% (n=5). Conclusion: Acute cholangitis remains a severe condition requiring urgent treatment. The prognosis has clearly improved after the advent of interventional endoscopy giving satisfactory results. Our study had shown with a technical success rate of 92.7% and a general success rate of 95%.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is one of the most prevalent infections worldwide, contributing to inflammation of the gastric mucosa which is of great interest given its involvement in many gastroduodenal pathologies and some extra-digestive diseases. Aim of the Study: Report the incidence of HP from the endoscopy and anatomopathology register. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study performed during a period from January 2019 to November 2022, based on data from the endoscopy and anatomopathology register. We included all patients over 16 years of age who underwent esophago-gastroduodenal fibroscopy (EGD) with gastric biopsies performed according to the Sydney protocol. Results: 903 patients were included in our study. The incidence of HP infection was 60% (n=541).The average age was 50 years [17-90], the Sex Ratio W/M: 1.3, the most frequent symptom was represented by epigastralgia. The esophago-gastroduodenal fibroscopy had objectified an erythemato-congestive gastric mucosa in 481 (89%) of the cases, erythemato-whitish in 27 (5%), nodular in 16 (3%) and it was normal in 16 (3%) of the cases. On anatomopathological study, the gastritis was antro-fundal, antral and fundal in respectively 487 (90%), 43 (8%) and 11 (2%) of the cases. The intensity of gastritis was mild in 6.8%, moderate in 92% and severe in 1.2% of patients. Gastritis activity was absent in 6 (1.1%), mild in 74 (13.8%), moderate in 455 (84.1%) and severe in 5 (1%) cases. The density of HP was mild in 75 (14%), moderate in 437 (80.8%), and severe in 28 (5.2%) cases. Intestinal metaplasia was observed in only 9 cases (1.7%), as for dysplasia, it was not identified in any of our patients. Adenocarcinoma was revealed in 9 (1.7%) patients. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate an incidence of 60% (n=541). The association of chronic gastritis was important. Its pathogenic role has been revealed in many gastroduodenal pathologies in particular gastric cancer objectified in our series in 1.7% of cases, hence the interest in researching HP infection and its eradication.

Background: Understanding the clinical status of patients with meningothelial meningioma is crucial for accurate prognosis, treatment planning, and monitoring disease progression. Numerous factors, including tumor characteristics, patient demographics, and histopathological features, contribute to the clinical status and overall management of these patients. Objective: To assess the clinical status of meningothelial meningioma patients. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical College over a period of two years from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 60 Patient of any age group with histologically diagnosed meningiomas of the central nervous system were included as a sample population. During the collection of specimen, all relevant information were recorded systematically in a prepared proforma. All the cases were numbered chronologically and the same number was given to H&E as well as in immunohistochemically stained slides. Results: During the study, majority were belong to 51-60 years and 61-70 years age group, 26.7% and majority were female, 70%. It revealed that maximum lesions (86.7%) were at brain and 13.3% were at the spinal cord. It was observed that meningioma was widely distributed throughout the CNS. Majority of the lesions were at the parietal region (28.3%). 18.3% lesions were at frontal region. Plus, according to the tumor grade, It was observed that more than three fourth (80.5%) patients had grade I tumor, 17.8 % patients had grade II tumor and 1.7 % patients had grade III tumor. Moreover, that 55% cases were meningothelial meningioma and 8 (13.3%) patients had atypical meningioma. Conclusion: In our study, maximum patients had lesions were at brain which was widely distributed throughout the CNS. Plus, more than three fourth patients had grade I tumor where meningothelial meningioma was most common.

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse refers to protrusions of the pelvic organs into or out of the vaginal canal. Vaginal prolapse can occur without uterine prolapse but uterus cannot descend without carrying the upper vagina with it. Therefore, genital prolapse is divided into two broad categories; one is uterine prolapse the other is vaginal prolapse. They are again divided into different subgroups. Objective: To find out risk factors that will help to reduce the incidence of uterovaginal prolapse. Method: It is a retrospective case control study conducted in the department of Obst & Gynae, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of October 2009 to June 2010. We included 50 uterovaginal prolapse women as a case and 50 reasonably healthy women as a control. Vault prolapse after abdominal hysterectomy, vaginal hysterectomy, only cystocele, only rectocele, was excluded from study. Results: In this study, 62% women were 45-65 years of age and in control group this was 46%, P value was .001. In case group most of the women were multiparous, 84% were > 5, in control group this was 20%. P value was .001. Most of the patients had history of repeated childbirth, <3yrs, in control group it was >5yrs, p value is 0.001 which is highly sigficant. Most of the patients were coming from low socio-economic condition. In case group it was 56% and control group 34%, P value was 0.191. In this study, most of the patient had history of prolong labour (14.6%). Instrumental delivery 0.4% In case group, 80% patients showed easy vaginal delivery, 4.2% had obstructed labour. Almost 100% patients had history of something coming down per vagina. 42% complaining of frequency, 58% incomplete voiding, 10% retention of urine, 4% had stress incontinence, P value of incomplete voiding .001. 74% patients had history of constipation and 30% patients had history of difficulty in defecation. P value .001. 68% in case group complaining watery per vaginal discharge, 12% in control group. P Value .001. 22% in case group complaining of chronic cough, P value .001. 74% cases signifiquent history of heavy physical work. P value .001. 72% cases were 2nd degree uterine prolapse, 18% 1st degree and 10% 3rd degree prolapse. Conclusion: Early marriage, difficult childbirth, low socio-economic condition, poor nutrition status, delivery conducted by untrained dais, no rest in puerperium and complication of delivery are found to be recommended risk factors of utero-vaginal prolapse. In our socio-economic condition, it is need of ours to strengthen the existing maternal services at the basic level of community and build up the awareness to overcome & remove the risk factors of prolapse.

Herbal medicine has many active constituents for many diseases but the proper knowledge must be necessary for the preparationof herbal formulation otherwise active constituents will be damaged. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) is recognized to be native to tropical Africa and southern India. In South Africa and the West Indies it is known as klip dagga, lion’s ear, Christmas, and candlesticks. Roots of the plant have been used in the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, fever, and poisoning whereas seeds are recognized in treating burns, and the whole plant is used for menstrual pains. Present investigation includes examination of morphological and microscopic characters; ash value, extractive values and phytochemical evaluations of various root extract. The purpose of research work to generated information of the standardization parameters of selected plant which helps in herbal formulations, a profound knowledge of the important herbs found in India and widely used in Ayurvedic formulation is of utmost importance.

Patients in the intensive care unit are treated with many interventions to keep them on rest. A number of sedatives are used in ICU for this purpose. The main aim of sedation is to control pain. Benzodiazepines are commonly used as sedative agents and adjuvants. Many adverse effects such as CNS depression and respiratory depression have been associated with the use of these drugs. Propofol has satisfactory sedative effects. It can also be combined with other medicines to achieve the required results. Slow heart rate (Bradycardia), low blood pressure (Hypotension), and hyperlipidemia are common effects after the infusion of Propofol. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a suitable drug for sedation in cardiac patients. Less respiratory depression and analgesia are advantages of Dexmedetomidine over benzodiazepines. It can be concluded that the dose of sedatives must keep to a minimum effective level for having safe results for the patient and to make the patient mobilized at the earliest when possible.

Medicines plays a vital role in day-to-day life. Piling up of medicines in households leads to irrational use of medicines. This study aimed to investigate household medication taking behaviour, reasons of medicines storage in household, disposal practice of unused medication and determinacy of self- medication among family members. Study was carried out in Urban areas of North Karnataka by using interviewer administered questionnaire on 433 household participants. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. Among surveyed households, 412 households have at least one unused medication in household which were stored unsafe and in reach of children. Out of 433 study participants (54.5%) were males and (45.5 %) were females. The stored drugs found in household mainly belongs to five categories; Antihypertensive (25.6%), Anti-diabetic (20.6%), analgesics and antipyretics (14.1%), NSAIDs (11.5%) , Anti –biotics (10.2%) . Majority of the drugs (84.7%) were purchased on prescription .96.9% of them are throwing the unused medication in garbage. We found that a significant proportion of the medications were found in the Urban households and had stored unused medication in household for future use and none of those medicines are stored safely and the unused medications were not properly disposed too. Hence there is need to conduct a programme to create necessary awareness among the public regarding storage and safe disposal methods of unused drugs.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the serious diseases that affect women’s lives. Fortunately, cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable disease; early detection has reduced its mortality and morbidity worldwide. Cervical cancer screening is a global public health concern. However, there are misconceptions, stigmas, and poor awareness associated with cervical cancer. This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, practice and stigmas, and misconceptions associated with cervical cancer screening in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire that included demographic information about knowledge, attitude, practice and stigmas and misconceptions associated with cervical cancer screening. Results: The study collected data from 400 participants, with a female majority (81.8%). The majority of participants were married (65%), had an undergraduate degree (64%), and fell within the 31-50 age range (43.3%). The results showed that the majority of the participants had heard of a PAP test (61.3%), 58.8% of participants had misconceptions regarding cervical cancer screening. The association between education and knowledge of PAP tests was statistically significant (p=0.000). Conclusion: This study highlights the need for public health interventions to improve knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer screening in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The study recommends public interventions targeted to concern stigmas and misconceptions associated with cervical cancer screening.

Digestive manifestations during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are rarely reported in the literature, in particular, hepato-pancreatic manifestations. We report the case of a patient in whom SLE was revealed by acute hepato-pancreatitis with mixed acute hepatitis, acute pancreatitis fulfilling 2 diagnostic criteria (high lipasemia and Balthazar stage C pancreatitis on the abdominal CT scan). The diagnosis was retained on the ACR criteria. The evolution under corticosteroid therapy and resting of the digestive tract was favorable.

The study was conducted to determine absorption of essential and non- essential trace minerals from poultry feed to poultry products. Poultry feed, liver, muscles and egg samples were collected from six poultry farms of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium and Iron were analysed in the samples using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer. Iron, Lead and Chromium exceeded the permissible limits set by World Health Organization and National Research Council in Poultry feed. Lead was high in liver, breast muscles, thigh muscles, egg albumen and egg yolk. Chromium was found in feed, egg yolk, egg albumen and two (02) of the liver and breast muscle samples. Mercury was not detected in any of the samples. Liver contains significantly higher concentration of detected heavy metals as compared to thigh and breast muscles and egg yolk contained significantly high concentrations of Iron, Cadmium and Lead as compared to egg albumen. Standards requirements for feed manufacturers and poultry farmers should be maintained to monitor and mitigate routes of entry of contaminants in the food chain.

Background: Ureteral stones are a common type of urinary tract stones, accounting for 20% of all cases. The majority of these stones, approximately 70%, are located in the distal ureter. Recent studies have shown that α1- Adrenergic blockers can enhance the spontaneous passage of distal ureteral stones. Objectives: This study was done to compare the outcomes of treating distal ureteral stone with Silodosin, an α1- A adrenergic blocker, versus without Silodosin. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients aged between 18 and 50 years, diagnosed with distal ureteral stone, were enrolled in the study, which took place at the Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College, from October 2017 to March 2019. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A consisted of 35 patients who were instructed to drink 3 litres of water daily, while Group B received the same instruction and also received Silodosin 8 mg/day. The treatment duration was four weeks, during which patients were monitored weekly through history, serum creatinine levels, X-ray KUB, and ultrasonogram of KUB. The number of stone expulsions, duration of spontaneous stone passage through the ureter, analgesic dosages, and adverse effects were recorded. Results: The higher expulsion rate in Group B (91.4%) compared to Group A (71.4%) (P=0.031). The mean expulsion duration was significantly shorter in Group B (8.94±3.58 days) compared to Group A (13.08±7.26 days) (P<0.00298). Additionally, Group B required significantly lower analgesic dosages (115.71±75.51 mg) compared to Group A (255.71±108.31 mg) (P=0.00001). No adverse effects were observed in Group A, while two patients in Group B experienced adverse effects (retrograde ejaculation and postural hypotension). Conclusion: These results indicate that 8 mg/day of silodosin facilitates the expulsion of distal ureteral stone of about 5 to 10 mm in diameter in the largest dimension and significantly reduces the number of analgesic dosages.

Anal disease encompasses a diverse array of disorders, including conditions such as sphincter defects, anorectal fistulas and abscesses, unexplained chronic anal pain. The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the context of anal diseases. A total of 58 patients who benefited from an EUS, over a period between January 2018 and april 2023. Mean age was 43,4 years with a sex ratio (M: F) of 0.4. The main indication for EUS is dominated by fecal incontinence (FI) in 53% of patients, followed by the anoperineal manifestations of Crohn's disease in 22%. Among patients with perineal Crohn's disease (CD), fistulas were observed in 47% of CD cases. anovaginal or rectovaginal fistulas (ARVFs) were visualized in 9% of all cases. In patients presenting with fecal incontinence (FI), EUS identified defects in the internal and external anal sphincters. EUS is a highly sensitive technique for assessing anal anatomy and diagnosing of anal diseases.