Biomineralization is the process by which living forms influence the precipitation of mineral materials. It provides organisms with skeletons and shells while they are alive and when they die they are deposited as sediment in environment from river, plants to the deep ocean floor. Biomineralization process is controlled by various factors like temperature, Organic matrix, additives, pH etc. Variety of applications of Biomineralization based technology in the construction has been reported. The Biomineralization is a multidisciplinary research area which briefly documents the future directions of the technology toward commercial scale applications.

The objectives of our study are to trace the epidemiological profile of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the province of al Haouz and to study the effectiveness of the national control program against leishmaniasis in this endemic area. It is a descriptive epidemiological study of cases recorded in public health facilities (health centers) and in the service of infrastructure and provincial ambulatory activities (SIAAP) of the province al Haouz between 2015 and 2019. Also it is an evaluative study of the provincial leishmaniasis control program. We found 264 cases of CL (94.96%) and 14 cases of VL (5.03%). The age groups most affected by CL were 0-5 years and pediatric cases (age less than 15 years) represented 74.62 percent of all CL cases. Females accounted for 61.15 percent of CL cases. The evolution of the number of notified cases of CL each year showed significant variations with a minimum value of 36 in 2015 and a maximum value of 70 in 2018 with an average number of CL cases recorded per year of 52 cases. The period at risk of CL contamination was the second and third quarter of the year with a percentage of 69.7 percent. 93.18 percent of communes affected by CL were rural communes. Passive screening was 96.59 percent with a number of LC cases of 255. 248 CL cases (93.93% of cases) were treated locally and 2 cases (0.75%) were treated systemically. 14 cases of VL were recorded, with a minimum value of 1 case in 2016 and a maximum value of 5 cases in 2017.All cases were treated by general route. In the present study, the analysis of the annual incidence of CL per 100,000 inhabitants showed a clear decrease in this indicator from 4.48 in 2015 to 1.65 in 2019.

Combretum micranthum (CM) is well known for its ethno-medicinal uses in the northwest of Nigeria with little or no scientific basis. Thus, the aim of this research is to evaluate the methanol leaf extract fractions of Combretum micranthum for possible antioxidant compounds. The results of DPPH free radical scavenging showed that ethyl acetate fraction has a higher radical scavenging activity then followed by aqueous fraction of 87.913±3.927 and 84.718±0.605 respectively, compared with ascorbic acid reference standard 80.351±0.732 at 2500ug/m1 concentration. In FRAP, the result showed that ethyl acetate has a higher antioxidant property of 0.818±0.035 followed by aqueous which is 0.800± 0.002 compared to ascorbic acid which is 0.426±0.000. The LC-MS profile revealed the presences of several compounds as follows: 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo- 2H, 3H, 7H- furo (3,2-g) chromen -9-yl)oxy)oxane-2-carboxylic acid and (5- (1E) -3- (6- (3,4- dihydroxy -2,5- bis (hydroxymethyl) oxolan -2-yl) oxy) -3,4,5- trihydroxyoxan -2-yl) methoxy) -3- oxoprop -1- en -1- yl) -2-hydroxyphenyl) oxidane sulfonic acid in ethyl acetate fraction and Atavaquone, Fenarimol, 12-tricosanol, Myricetin, Histidylasparagine and Homocycteine thiolactone in aqueous fraction. The result of the docking revealed some potential and antioxidant activities of the fractions with significant binding interactions between compounds and alpha amylase & alpha glucosidase. Therefore based on the compounds identified by LCMS analysis coupled to the in-vitro antioxidant studies it can be concluded that these fractions of Combretum micranthum can be used against free radicals and potential in drug management.

Background: Malnutrition is associated to treatment toxicity, complications, reduced physical function, and lower survival in cancer patients. Malnutrition or associated risk was observed in the Prevalence of Malnutrition in Oncology (PreMiO) study among cancer patients visiting their first medical oncology appointment. Oncologists, not nutritionists, evaluated the nutrition status of the patients in this research, which was a first. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition in patients at first medical oncology. Methods: PreMiO was a prospective, observational study conducted at Department of oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. For inclusion, adult patients (>18 years) had a solid tumor diagnosis, were treatment-naive, and had a life expectancy >3 months. Malnutrition was identified by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), appetite status with a visual analog scale (VAS), and appetite loss with a modified version of Anorexia-Cachexia Subscale (AC/S-12) of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia- Cachexia Therapy (FAACT). Results: Of patients enrolled (N=50), 51% had nutritional impairment; 9% were overtly malnourished, and 43% were at risk for malnutrition. Severity of malnutrition was positively correlated with the stage of cancer. Over 40% of patients were experiencing anorexia, as reported in the VAS and FAACT questionnaire. During the prior six months, 64% of patients lost weight (1–10 kg). Conclusion: Even on their first visit to a medical oncology center, malnutrition, anorexia, and weight loss are prevalent in cancer patients.

Heavy metal ions present in the groundwater are toxic pollutants which contaminated of water is a world-wide environmental problem. This paper studies that an attempt made to adsorption kinetics of Indigo carmine dye from dye effluents onto activated carbon modified with metal chlorides is keen interest. The results show that activated carbon modified with metal chlorides such as FeCl2, SrCl2, and BaCl2 can be used as effective adsorbents for the removal Indigo carmine dye from dye effluents was observed. The kinetics of indigo carmine dye was adsorbed onto activated carbon modified metal chlorides were analyzed using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Results were found to follow pseudo-second order equation.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose. The raised blood glucose level if not properly managed can results in damage and failure of several vital organs such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-administration of melatonin and magnesium on blood glucose level of streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic Wistar rats. To achieve this aim sixty-four Wistar rats were used in the study. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce chemical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after two weeks acclimatization period in fifty-eight Wistar rats. Fifty-three rats were diabetic and fourty-eight diabetic rats were randomly distributed in eight groups and six normal normoglycaemic rats were used as control. The animals were assigned into nine groups as follows, Normal control group (NC), Diabetic control (DC) group, Melatonin Low dose group of 10 mg/kgb (MLD), magnesium low dose group of 240 mg/kgbw (MgLD), melatonin and magnesium combined low dose group of 10mg/kgbw+240mg/kgbw (MMgLD), melatonin high dose group of 20mg/kgbw (MHD), magnesium high dose group of 480mg/kgbw (MgHD), melatonin and magnesium high dose combined group of 20mg/kgbw+480mg/kgbw (MMgHD) and insulin at 500mg/kgbw group (IN). Melatonin and insulin were administered through intraperitoneal injections (IP) while magnesium was by oral administration. The control groups were given placebo and all group treatment was for twenty-one days. Blood glucose was measured weekly in all groups by day 8, day 15 and day 22. At the end of the evaluation Day 22, the blood glucose levels showed a highly significant decrease (p˂0.05) in melatonin treatment group at low dose (MLD), melatonin and magnesium combined group at low doses (MMgLD), melatonin treatment group at high doses (MHD) and insulin treated group (IN) when compared with normoglycaemic group (NC) while groups treated with Magnesium at low doses (MgLD), magnesium treated group at high doses and melatonin and magnesium treatment group at high doses (MMgHD) showed no significant decrease (p˂0.05) in blood glucose levels as compared with diabetic control (DC). Melatonin and magnesium co-administration has hypoglycaemic effects on blood glucose levels in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic Wistar rats.