The aim of the research work is to assess the Purnus amygdalus gum for the potentiality of tablets binder / disintegrant excipient and potato starch was used as standard excipients. The gum was assessed for various tests. Ibuprofen was used as a model drug for the preparation of tablets. Totally eight batches were developed using various compositions. Pre-formulation and post formulation study were performed for the tablets. Also the tablets qualities were compared with innovator tablet. FTIR studies ruled out the drug excipient interaction. The hardness of the tablets were in the acceptable range. Disintegration time was ~4 minutes. Dissolution were between 70 – 89%. The results of the study describe that the Purnus amygdalus gum (PA ) could be alternative tablet excipients for potato starch.

Background: Autism is one of the pervasive developmental disorders throughout the world that is causing serious familial, social and economic burden to the different nations. The prevalence of autism is probably about 20 per 10000 children. Autism is four times common in boys as in girls. Objective: To find out the psychiatric co-morbidity in Autism spectrum disorder. Methods: This was a descriptive and cross sectional study among the patient attending in Department of Psychiatry, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, Proyash School (Special Child Special Right), Dhaka Cantonment, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka and Institute of Pediatric Neurodisorder & Autism (IPNA) in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was carried out 6 months from April, 2016 to September, 2016. Sample size n=100 patients. Informed written consent was taken from patent’s parent/caregiver. During data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire designed by the researcher containing socio-demographic and other variables was used. Then Developments and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) was applied on the ASD children. The DAWBA has three versions-parent versions, self-version and teacher version. In this study parent version was used. Data was analyses by software program me statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 for windows using appropriate statistical test- chi square test. Results: Among the respondents (n=100) 79% Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children had comorbid psychiatric illness and 21% children had no comorbid psychiatric illness. Most frequent 72.15% was ADHD followed by Specific phobia 11.39%, Social phobia 6.33% and Major Depressive disorder 1.27%. Two comorbid psychiatric illnesses were present in 8.86% ASD children. Chi-square test was done to measure the level of significance. But there were no significant association (significant when p value ≤0.05) found between socio-demographic factors and comorbid psychiatric disorder. Conclusion: Although there were many limitations, the present study provides important information. High number of co-morbidities found in this study. It could be necessary to increase the sample size and to collect the largest number of clinical information, for studying etiopathogenesis and risk factors for the occurrence of co-morbidity. Knowing the burden and extent of disease could be help design screening tools that are applicable, culturally acceptable and cost-effective for early diagnosis and intervention. Furthermore, raising ASD awareness among parents, preschool/elementary school teachers are invaluable in helping autistic children cope with different challenge and improve their quality of life.

Aim: The aim of this study was to detailed analysis of the donor corneal tissue using Eye Bank Specular Microscope (EBSM). Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis was done for 408 donor corneas procured and processed between April 2016 and March 2020, at an Eye Bank in a Tertiary Care Hospital for Endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variance (CV), and percentage of hexagonality (6A) and were compared across different age groups & gender of the donor tissue. Results: The mean age of the donors was 66.78 ± 17.27 (range 12–95 years). The mean ECD of the donor cornea was 1400.65 ± 627.01 cells/mm2; the average CV was 37.5 ± 18.2; and the average percentages of hexagonal cells were 44.9%. The cell count was significantly greater in the donor corneas in age groups of <20, 21-30 & 41-50 years when compared to rest of the age groups. There were no significant differences between the age groups on basis of CV and 6A. The ECD of the male donors (65%) was more than that of female donors (35%). Conclusion: ECD is significantly greater in younger age group as compared to older age groups; however, there were no significant differences in CV and 6A. Endothelial cell analysis by Eye Bank Specular Microscopy is a great tool for the grading of donor tissues, its subsequent utilization for corneal transplantation & prognostic value of the graft survival.

Background: Post-operative patient outcome of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) and Phacoemulsification (Phaco) should focus on functional status and quality of life instead of only visual acuity measurement alone. Aim: Comparative study to evaluate functional outcome of quality of life in post-operative patients of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) vs Phacoemulsification (Phaco) using Indian visual Function Questionnaire-33. Design: A prospective, comparative hospital based interventional study was conducted on 246 eyes having visually significant senile cataract. 246 eyes were divided into two groups. 123 eyes were planned for MSICS & Phacoemulsification each at Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Pt.B.D.Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. A detailed pre and post-operative examination was carried out and interviewed as per IND VFQ-33 questionnaire pre-operatively and post-operatively at 1 week, 1 month and 2 months. Results: There was a significant difference between 2 groups in terms of Quality of Life Scores at Post-Operative Day-7.With the median QoL Score (Domain 1+2+3) at Post-Operative Day-7 being highest (87) in the SICS group as compared to Phacoemulsification (74) with p<0.001.There was no significant difference between 2 groups in terms of VR QoL Scores at Post-Operative 1 & 2 Months. Median Quality of Life Score of (Domain 1+2+3) at 1 Month was 57 in both study groups with p=0.808. Median Quality of Life Score (Domain 1+2+3) at 2 Months was 43 in both MSICS & Phacoemulsification group with p=0.636. Conclusions: The study group patients observed no difference in terms of Related Quality of Life in post-operative Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery and Phacoemulsification especially after 1 & 2 months. So functionally, quality of life in post-operative 1-2 months of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery and Phacoemulsification are equally good.

Purpose: The aim of this research was to look at liver lesions on dual step computed tomography scans in people who had liver masses. In asymptomatic patients with normal liver function, an early diagnosis is beneficial. That also means the tumors can be treated more effectively with medications and radiotherapy. Material and Method: On ultrasound, 150 patients were shown to have a liver disease. 120 people were shown to have liver lesions after undergoing a biphasic CT scan. Following the maintenance of the IV-line, injection was injected using a pressure injector, and acquisition began. The arterial process was recorded for 15-20 seconds, and the portal venous phase was recorded for 50-60 seconds. Out of 120 cases, 30 had hypo vascular lesions that did not improve in both phases of the CT scan. This finding showed full enhancement on both arterial and venous phases on 25% of hypo vascular lesions and 75% of hyper vascular lesions. Conclusion: Biphasic computed tomography is an excellent diagnostic technique for detecting liver lesions whose visibility is based on their vascularity.

Despite the advent of generic drugs, many treatments still remain financially inaccessible to economically disadvantaged populations who constantly continue to turn to bioactive molecules from nature to find essential remedies that are gentle, more effective and with few side effects. Medicinal plants are still the primary reservoir of new drugs. The material used during this study consisted of plant material, animal material and technical material. 500 g of the sprayed plant drug was macerated in 2.5 L of distilled water for one duration of 48 hours. Numerous secondary metabolites of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Diospyros hoyleana F. White have been demonstrated. The acute oral toxicity experiment was conducted according to OECD protocol guideline 423. The mass of crude extract obtained after drying in an oven at 60 °C. was 64 g with a yield of 12.8%. Tests for Flavonoids, Saponins, Phenols, Tannins and Anthraquinones were found to be positive with the aqueous extract of the leaves of Diospyros hoyleana F. White while those for Alkaloids, Sterols, Terpenes and Coumarins were found to be Negative. After the acute oral toxicity study, no abnormalities of the physiological parameters observed in rats were observed. In addition, no deaths have been recorded. The LD50 was therefore greater than 5000 mg/kg. The body masses of the animals were generally increasing during the study regardless of the chosen batch. The rats were sacrificed and the masses of the internal organs were weighed. Four blood biochemical parameters of the groups of rats studied were assayed.