In 2009, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), now led by geneticist Francis Collins, inspired by the success of this human genoma project, announced the project to discover the human connectome. The connectome refers to the interconnected network of neurons in the human brain. In relation to the methods of the project the organizers the Connectome project's scientists explain that they is using a combination of non-invasive imaging technologies, being the main the nuclear magnetic resonance. It should be emphasized that NIH only mentions noninvasive technology to reach your utopic objective, however this NIH's objective contrast to the existing capacity of the current non-invasive technology. Recent researches give evidences that Human Connectome Project would be carried out based on illegal human experiments performed in university and hospitals of Latin America with invasive neurotechnology such as brain nanobots. The main evidences are: The discovery of nanomafias, the discovery of mafia of cerebral internet, the own declarations of NIH's scientists and the discovery of other NIH's brain mapping projects illicitly with brain nanobots such as BRAIN initiative. In the world, there is a long history of antiethical human experimentation developed by economic powers, projects that are promoted as licit, but that over time a hidden illicit human experimentation is discovered, Human Connectome Project is one of them

Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic debilitating disease associated with restricted mouth opening and poor oral hygiene. The treatment aims at good release of fibrosis and to provide long term results in terms of mouth opening. With the increasingly widespread application of reliable microvascular free tissue transfer techniques for oral cavity reconstruction, the routine need for a variety of local and regional flaps has decreased. Various local grafts have been used to cover the buccal mucosal defects after the fibrotic bands are released in oral submucous fibrosis. Successful use of inferiorly based nasolabial flaps in the management of oral submucous fibrosis is projected. In this article, the focus is on the utility of the pedicled nasolabial flap to achieve this goal. Care was taken for post-operative physiotherapy, and was followed up regularly for one year. Flap healed without evidence of infection, dehiscence, or necrosis. The inferiorly based nasolabial “islanded” flaps provide reliable coverage of defects of the buccal mucosa and improves mouth opening

Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of single visit apexification versus complete obturation with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine on the fractured resistance of simulated immature teeth. Material and Method: Forty five freshly extracted non-carious maxillary central incisors with single canal were selected. The apical 5mm of each tooth was then removed, access cavity preparation followed by preparation using peeso reamers was done to simulate Cvek’s stage 3 of root development. Irrigation protocol was carried out followed by randomization of samples and then canals were obturated using different materials. Fracture testing was done under universal testing machine and the ultimate load to fracture was recorded in Newtons. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 Software. One way analysis of variance followed by pair wise comparison of the groups was performed using Tukey’s post hoc test. The level of significance was set at 95% (p < 0.05). Results: All the experimental groups had a statistically higher value of fracture resistance than the control groups. Group I (entire canal obturated with MTA) showed highest value of fracture resistance followed by group III (entire canal obturated with biodentine), group II and group IV. Conclusion: Reinforcing immature teeth with bioactive materials such as MTA and biodentine is advantageous for apexification. Clinical Significance: Full MTA obturation clinically in patients might produce high success rate of apexification as compared to MTA and Biodentine apical plug and gutta percha obturation

Background: In the past three decades, health reform has become commonplace in most countries. Such that reforms decentralized governance of health systems has been adopted in some countries as a subset of broader health reforms or as a preferred management strategy. This review was performed to synthesize evidence around this issue. Specifically, the objective was to answer the question: “What is the role of devolution in service delivery, health workforce and medical commodities acquisition?”. Methods: CrossRef, Google Scholar, Academic keys, Open Academic journals index, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched with terms related to devolution and health. The search included terms related to service delivery, health workforce and medical commodities. Findings were presented within a narrative synthesis. Quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Findings: A few studies, all cross-sectional studies, met the selection criteria for this review. Most studies noted the major benefits resulting from devolution in terms of local governance and citizen participation in the health service delivery sector. The UK and India are some of the countries with evidence of how devolution impacts positively from accountability and participation. Some of benefits reaped include developed leadership, effective monitoring, promotion of quick delegation of work and generation of interest among employees. In Kenya, health sector still undergoes significant human resource deficiency, in spite of the government investing over the years from independent and also considering the devolution of health services. Healthcare workers shortage affects how health institutions functions. Studies showed that health workers positively respond to the demands of human resource of a decentralized unit if they look for employment in it, if a post is offered, they accept, and stays in service. Their ability and willingness to act in response to local demands are due to a number of factors. However, there is little literature on the best level of the government in provision of public type medical services. The recent focus has been entirely on the merits of local provision. Local governments are more responsive to their citizens compared to the central government. Conclusions: A universal objective of health systems should be to reduce inequality in health and promote equity, but the impact of Devolution of health system governance on equity has been questioned.

Muscular echinococcosis represents only 1-4% of hydatidoses [4], and can take the appearance of a soft tissue tumor. We report the case of a 62-year-old patient hospitalized in our formation for Gluteal hydatid cyst with intra pelvic extension: a rare localization

During the last two decades, significant changes have taken place in the epidemiology of meningitis, especially due to the global availability and expanding use of Hib vaccines. We conducted an observational study with the aim was to isolate and identity of the pathogen causing meningitis in children under 5 years during January 2017 to December 2017 in Paediatrics department of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. Our study participants were clinically suspected cases of meningitis in children below 5 years of age admitted in the selected hospital. All the data were collected and recorded systematically in a questionnaire and entered into computer software SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 20.0 edited and analyzed with plotted in graphs and tables. Sensitivity and specificity of Gram stain, CSF latex were also calculated. Main outcome measure (s): Results of CSF cell count, Gram stain, Culture, LAT and Blood culture were the main outcome variables. A total of 100 cases of suspected meningitis in the age group below 5 years comprised the study population. Majority of the patients belonged to ≤12 months. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The most common clinical presentation was fever (100.0%) with median duration of 2 days. Ninety six (96) patients had convulsion and the median duration of continuation of convulsion was 1 day. Thirty Eight patients had vomiting and median duration of continuation of vomiting was 1 day. A total of 100 clinically suspected cases of acute bacterial meningitis, laboratory confirmed cases were 36(36.0%), out of which 14(38.9%) cases were CSF culture positive, 10(27.8%) were Gram stain positive and 36(36.0%) were Latex agglutination test positive. Most frequently isolated organism were Streptoccous pneumonae 34(94.4%). Haemophilus influenzae was isolated in 2 cases. The validity of test of serology (LAT) sensitivity was 100.0% and specificity was 74.4%, Gram stain sensitivity was 71.4% and specificity 100.0% to detect capsular polysaccharide antigen in CSF. In the conclusion, we can say Meningitis is more common during infancy and is more common in males. Fever, convulsion, vomiting and lethargy were the commonest symptoms. CSF culture is the ‘Gold standard’ and positive in 38.9% cases, but Latex agglutination test was 100.0% sensitive for detection of Antigen in CSF.

Thrombocytopenia is the term used to denote decreased platelets and it is an important finding in patients with acute illnesses. The presence of thrombocytopenia should prompt the physician to look for the underlying etiology in order to ensure proper therapy. We in the present study tried to evaluate the patients of thrombocytopenia and the causes of thrombocytopenia and treatment. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. N=112 patients which included n=62 male and n=50 females were included during the study period. A detailed medical history was obtained and complete General physical examination was done in each case. Laboratory investigations were done in all the cases that included complete blood picture, the examination of smears for MP in thick smears, Dengue serology by IgM and IgG ELISA, Liver function tests and Renal functions test. The results showed that the most important cause of thrombocytopenia was Dengue fever in n=47(41.96%) out of n=112 patients followed by Malaria in n=27(24.1%) of patients. The dengue cases were diagnosed with dengue serology the results showed that most of the patients n=35(74.47%) of total cases were having IgM positive and IgG was found to be positive in n=9(19.15%) of cases. total of n=27 cases diagnosed with malaria. Out of the n=27 most common type of malaria parasite which was found to be Plasmodium vivax in n=16(59.29%) of cases and P.falciparum in n=8 (2963%) of cases and mixed was found in n=3(11.11%) of cases. thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory finding in febrile patients. Finding the underlying etiology is very important. In this study, two important causative factors for thrombocytopenia were dengue and malaria. Blood transfusion is to be considered when there is spontaneous bleeding present and the count is below 10,000. Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, clinical study

Neuroendocrine tumors are rare and can affect many organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and bronchi. The involvement of the larynx is exceptional, although neuroendocrine tumors are the second histological type of laryngeal malignancy after squamous cell carcinoma. They constitute a group of heterogeneous tumors, 4 in number, among the neuroendocrine tumors of the larynx, the carcinoma tumor neuroendocrine poorly differentiated is the most common. The diagnosis is purely histological, and the treatment is surgical. The prognosis is relatively good

Non traumatic liver rupture is an extremely rare condition; it most often complicates HELLP syndrome and rarely some liver diseases. We are reporting a case of 26-year-old man followed for behcet’s disease, presented to the emergency hemodynamically instable on a large hemoperitoneum due to a spontaneous liver rupture. We believe that intrahepatic hematoma was caused by a rupture of a segmental right liver artery aneurysm and then spontaneous rupture of the intrahepatic hematoma occurred leading to liver rupture. The surgical management consisted on perihepatic packing and two months later a medical management of sub infected liquefied residual liver hematoma

Introduction: Breastfeeding is a natural act and an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants, it is also an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mother. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude, practice of exclusive breastfeeding among the married women in Mangalore. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Mangalore for a period of one week. In among 110 randomly selected married women to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards breastfeeding. Results: In our study, 68 (61.8%) belongs to the age group of 20 to 40 years. Of the 110, 90% knew about the importance of colostrums but only 37.3% knew that it helps mothers to lose weight after pregnancy. Around 75.5% were aware that breast feeding can help preventing diseases affecting breast and only 47.3 % knew about its contraceptive advantage. Most of them, 60 (54.54%) women disagreed with the fact that formula-feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding, 45 (40.91%) were of opinion that formula-fed babies are more likely to gain weight more quickly and 40 (36.36%) felt formula feeding is better choice for working women. Among the study participants, only 50.9% of the participants initiated breast feeding within half an hour and only 20(22.47%) women who were home makers exclusively breastfed their babies. 44.5% and 34.5% supplemented newborn with formula to improve babies health and because breast milk was insufficient respectively and it was seen more (79.35%) among women who were literates. Conclusion: The study concludes that even though women have good knowledge and almost all have positive attitude towards exclusive breastfeeding, still not all of them are practicing exclusive breast feeding and many still supplement newborns with formula feeding even though not recommended

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the local anesthetic activity of Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium extract as well as to formulate a topical local anesthetic gel containing the extract to be used for human. Methods: The local anesthetic activity was assessed using the intradermal wheal method in eighteen guinea pigs divided into three groups, six in each group. Pain response was elicited by gentle pinprick. Two concentrations (1.0 and 0.3mg/ml) of lidocaine were injected intradermally into the left and right dorsal flank of the animal respectively to form wheals, which were encircled with a marker. Similarly, two concentrations (100 and 50mg/ml) of the plant extract were injected into the left and right dorsal flank respectively of another group. Normal saline was injected into the control group. The encircled areas were each pricked with a pin 6 times at 5 minutes interval for 30 minutes starting with zero-time before the injection. To confirm the animal study, prepared gels of the plant extract (1%) and lidocaine (1%) were applied on two groups each containing 6 human volunteers, and the local anesthetic activity was assessed. Results: The plant extracts exhibited a local anesthetic activity on guinea pigs. Comparable results were also observed of the local anesthetic activities of both topical gels prepared from the plant extract or lidocaine in human. No adverse effects were observed either in animals or in human. Conclusions: Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium extract possesses a local anesthetic activity in both animals and human

Oxyuriasis is an intestinal parasitosis, frequent, strictly human, caused by a cosmopolitan roundworm: Enterobius vermicularis. Pinworms are mainly localized in intestine but can sometimes be found in the female genitalia, even if it is rare. Our case is a young man of 32 who has an anterior history of inconstant anal pruritus but and who presented a pruriginous and painless subcutaneous nodule and who benefited from an excisional biopsy whose pathological examination revealed the presence of sections of nematodes corresponding to female pinworms within a fibro-fatty tissue. Oxyuriasis is mainly intestinal, sometimes with an uro-genital location, especially in women, but no case has been described at the subcutaneous level, hence the interest of this work in revealing new possible locations of this parasitosis

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are being used widely by athletes and gym attendees to augment their physical appearance and enhance performance. The abuse of AAS has serious and irreversible health risks. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of AAS use, assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and describe the associated factors of AAS use to improve the general health of adult male fitness centres attendees. Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Fitness centres in Bahrain. Method: A total of 235 fitness centres were obtained and only 94 fitness centres met the inclusion criteria. Adult males aged 18-65 years old who attended fitness centres during October 2017 were targeted. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 20 randomly selected fitness centres covering the 4 governorates. Result: Four hundred forty six males were included. The prevalence of AAS use was 14.6%, the highest result was 26.4% found in Muharraq governorate. The majority of AAS users were Bahrainis (17.8%) and aged 30–39 years old (17.9%). Both AAS users and non-users had low knowledge score. Regarding the harmful effects of AAS, 18% of AAS users thought AAS use is bad for health. The most common route of AAS use was the combination of injectable and oral route (63.5%). Significant association was found between AAS use and the use of other supplements such as growth hormones, proteins and amino acid, smoking and energy drink consumption (P=0.05)

Cholesterol and triglyceride fats are transported as part of lipoprotein particles in the bloodstream. The various lipoprotein classes Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) that carry most part of the blood cholesterol, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), which carry most of the blood triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Chylomicrons. LDL also found as serum cholesterol plays a significant role in coronary heart diseases. The role of these lipoproteins is quite independent of other risk factors and is quite predictive that could be easily assessed. The present article is focused on the estimation of plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] level in AMI patients along with their cardiac Troponin-I levels to study the correlation between the two and to look into the possibility of dual marker approach to deal with complications associated with acute myocardial infarction. Lp(a) is a major risk factor of several cardiovascular diseases, namely atherosclerotic vascular diseases, aortic calcification, and perhaps also venous thromboembolic diseases and hence could be a prominent therapeutic target for primary and secondary prevention. This calls for the development of a safe and effective means of lowering Lp(a) that will provide an opportunity to conduct intervention trials to further decipher its contribution in the etiology of CHD

A 3 year old Nigerian local breed dog weighing 15kg was presented with signs of lacrimation, drooling salivation and weakness. The owner gave diazintol® bath to the dog and later observed the dog salivating. Clinical evaluation showed temperature, pulse and respiratory rates of 39.7oC, 99 beats/min and 62 cycles/min respectively. Haematological analysis showed PCV of 38% and the case was managed as a case of organophosphate poisoning

Healthy and strong body function was essential in the job of prison management, and smoking had been proved to induce negative impacts. Based on the health belief model, the current research explored the association among health belief on smoke -cessation, self-efficacy on ceasing smoke, and possibility of ceasing smoke among the prison officials. Samples were 182 officials recruited by snowball sampling method, 72.53% were male. Test results indicated the barrier to ceasing smoke had a lowest average 2.95(±1.04), followed by benefit of ceasing smoke (3.49±0.54), perceived susceptibility (3.51±0.75), perceived severity (3.59± 0.78), self-efficacy (3.65±0.77), and possibility of ceasing smoke (3.67 ± 0.99). As to the variance analysis, history of smoking and residence were two major variables that made the constructs different, whereas age and marriage contributed the least. Noteworthy was that the education is the major contributor to the difference of smoke-ceasing possibility among respondents. Results from regression analyses indicated that perceived benefits (β=.52) and perceived barriers (β=.23) were the two major predictors of smoke-ceasing, and the other independent variables (IV) were not significant in this model (adj. R2=.279). The variance explained increased to 48.3% (adj. R2=.483) in the model with additional variable of self-efficacy. Perceived benefits and perceived barriers were replaced by the self-efficacy, and made all original IVs not significant. This indicated the mediating effects of self-efficacy between predictors and smoke-ceasing. The current research suggested the judicial correction institute shall logically staff required officials for the jobs of prison management, and recommend several smoke-ceasing measures.