Malaria remains a major public health problem in Senegal, particularly in areas in the pre-elimination phase, such as the department of Saint-Louis, where the incidence of cases has increased sharply between 2021 and 2024. This study aimed to characterize the larval breeding sites of Anopheles gambiae complex the main vectors of malaria, and to identify the species present. Surveys were carried out during the 2024 rainy season in five municipalities of the department. Each deposit was described, georeferenced and subjected to physicochemical measurements (pH, temperature, salinity, conductivity). Larval density was estimated by the dipping method. Out of 143 gîtes visited, 100 were positive for anopheles’ larvae, of which 59% were natural and 41% were artificial. Breeding sites smaller than 10 m² concentrated 82.3% of the larvae (p < 0.001). Mapping showed high activity in the middle of the rainy season, particularly in Cité Niakh (Saint-Louis), Ngallèle (Saint-Louis), Pikine (Saint-Louis) and Diougop (Gandon), with a decrease at the end of the rainy season. PCR identification showed that the majority consisted of Anopheles arabiensis (95%), followed by An. melas (4%) and An. gambiae s.s. (1%). The physicochemical parameters of the deposits had averages of pH 8.12 ± 0.55, temperature 31.6°C ± 4.28, salinity 4.38 g/L ± 3.21 and conductivity 8,135 μS/cm ± 5,990. In conclusion, these results highlight the complexity of the ecological factors influencing the presence of mosquito vectors and emphasize the need to strengthen entomological surveillance and implement targeted actions to limit malaria transmission in this area.

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) production is seriously restricted by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp., leading to significant yield losses globally. Dependence on synthetic fungicides has raised serious concerns over fungal resistance, environmental contamination, and human health risks, necessitating ecofriendly alternatives. This study investigated the antifungal potential of aqueous extracts from neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds and onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs against anthracnose in sweet pepper under controlled pot conditions. The design employed weekly foliar applications of 200 ml/m² neem seed extract, onion bulb extract, or untreated control on anthracnose-inoculated plants. Parameters assessed were leaf number, plant height, fruit yield, disease severity and agronomic efficiency index. Both extracts significantly improved vegetative growth, increased fruit yield, and reduced disease incidence compared to the control. Neem seed extract exhibited slightly better performance in promoting leaf retention and plant height. Strong positive correlations were observed between growth traits and yield, while disease severity showed significant negative correlations with productivity. The findings reveal that neem seed and onion bulb extracts effectively suppress anthracnose, improve plant performance, and offer promising eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for sustainable sweet pepper cultivation.

Precision nutrition is a potentially disruptive paradigm of nutritional science that seeks to precisely customize food advice depending on the biological, genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors of individuals. The intensive research growth in human and animal nutrition, nutrigenomics, metabolomics and data-driven methods has produced a convoluted and multidisciplinary literature that is difficult to synthesize in terms of conventional narrative methods. The current paper presents a combined bibliometric and scientmetric review of the world-wide research on precision nutrition published in PubMed index between 2005 and 2025 which incorporates the performance analysis, science mapping and multivariate conceptual approaches. One hundred and thirty-two publications were analyzed in 81 sources with the help of Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer. Temporal analysis indicated that the output of research has increased significantly since 2015 as a result of increasing use of omics technologies, microbiome research, and computational analytics. The source analysis revealed that there is a high concentration of journal that has a few core nutrition journals that cover a huge percentage of the publications, which is in line with the law of Bradford. The geographic evaluation showed that the high-income nations, especially the United States and Western Europe, had been dominant, with a moderate yet growing cooperation at the international level. The keywords co-occurrence networks, density mapping, and overlay visualization revealed diet-health interaction, nutrigenomics, and human nutritional status as the key themes of research, whereas artificial intelligence and microbiome-based personalization and precision feeding in animals became emerging directions. Several correspondence analyses also showed the specific conceptual axes between molecular and omics-oriented research on the one hand and, on the other hand, applied and preventive nutrition areas. All the results point to parallel, but still not fully integrated processes of human and animal precision nutrition studies. The paper has provided a strategic overview of intellectual, thematic, and future directions of the field of precision nutrition, which offers a solid evidence base to guide interdisciplinary research, translational implementation, and policy formulation.

The promotion of healthy eating and physical activity is part of the prevention and treatment of diseases in modern medicine. The aim of our research was to study the clinical principles in compiling a diet for patients who are already on drug therapy for a diagnosed disease, guided by the principle of healthy eating. Material and method: we conducted a study motivated by personal experiences on the interaction of drugs and nutrients in diets prescribed for healthy eating in certain diseases, with a special aspect of anticoagulant therapy. The basic principle of the protocol should include the underlying disease, medications for the same, past diseases with a deficit of certain organs in function and an assessment of the existing diet and supplements to prevent drug interactions. Results: More than 30% of people take supplements on their own. Knowledge of the interaction of drugs with supplements and nutrients with medications is of crucial importance for preventing the consequences of their synergistic or antagonistic interaction, of which bleeding is the key and most dangerous. Discussion: Modern management of patients in the perioperative period is crucial to avoid bleeding or thrombosis. The medical team takes into account all possible risks, based on the clinical examination, blood laboratory and possible drug interactions, but there is not always available data on the patients' supplementary therapy, which may be a risk. Conclusion: When recommending the consumption of supplements and diet for a given disease, the possible interaction of the drug and the condition of the organs that may be damaged should be taken into account.

Layered nickelate quantum materials have emerged as a promising platform for unconventional superconductivity. However, their superconducting response remains highly sensitive to lattice defects and carrier inhomogeneity. Conventional defect engineering relies on static chemical doping or strain, which lacks real-time tunability. This work introduces a dynamic and non-invasive strategy based on light-controlled defect engineering to enhance superconductivity in layered nickelates. We demonstrate that targeted optical excitation can reversibly manipulate defect states at the atomic scale. Photo-induced charge redistribution modifies local lattice distortions without permanent structural damage. This process enables controlled tuning of carrier density and electron phonon coupling. As a result, superconducting coherence is strengthened across the layered structure. The approach bridges optical control and quantum material engineering within a single framework. Spectroscopic and transport analyses reveal a measurable increase in critical temperature and superconducting stability under optimized illumination conditions. The enhancement originates from defect reconfiguration rather than thermal effects. Importantly, the induced changes persist over experimentally relevant timescales and remain fully reversible. This behavior distinguishes the method from irreversible chemical techniques. The proposed mechanism establishes light as an active control parameter for superconductivity. It also provides direct insight into the role of defects in nickelate quantum phases. Beyond nickelates, the framework can be generalized to other correlated electron systems where defect dynamics govern emergent properties. This study opens a pathway toward optically programmable superconductors and reconfigurable quantum devices.

Despite remarkable progress in genetics, neuroscience, and pharmacology, modern medicine still cannot explain or cure thousands of rare and refractory diseases, including numerous psychiatric, neurological, dermatological, metabolic, and oncological conditions that remain resistant to all conventional treatments. However, an accumulating body of documented clinical recovery cases, together with direct observation of the spiritual realm through the Dharma Eye of Dharma Master Jun Hong Lu and the systematic practice of the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door, clearly demonstrates that human existence comprises both a physical body and an immortal soul. The majority of treatment-resistant illnesses stem from either partial loss or dissociation of the soul, or from occupation of the body by external souls (deceased humans or animals, i.e., spirits). This paper therefore presents rigorous, verifiable evidence for the objective existence of the soul and the spirit world; elucidates the precise karmic and spirit mechanisms behind many diseases currently classified as “incurable” by modern medicine; and demonstrates that the Five Golden Buddhist Practices of Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door-making great vows, reciting Buddhist scriptures, performing life liberation, reading Buddhism in Plain Terms, and repenting of wrongdoings and refraining from doing them-provide a reproducible, effective pathway to partial or complete recovery. All these extraordinary outcomes rest upon the recognition of the soul’s existence. Accordingly, Buddhism is not merely a belief system, but the ultimate science of life, health, and the true nature of consciousness.

Nutrient metabolism is a basic biochemical paradigm to which cells draw energy and produce biosynthetic precursors, as well as maintain homeostasis. At the molecular scale, the integrative processing of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are regulated by highly regulated enzymatic systems that dynamically react to cellular energy requirements, nutrient levels and physiological conditions. This review presents the existing knowledge of the molecular biochemistry in nutrient metabolism, with the focus being on the integrated character of metabolic pathways, as opposed to the reactions occurring in isolation. The process of carbohydrate metabolism is a fast and flexible energy source by glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and pentose phosphate pathway which connects the production of ATP and the maintenance of redox homeostasis with anabolic needs. The long-term energy storage and structural components in lipid metabolism are based on fatty acid production, 2-oxidation as well as complex lipid remodeling and they are the centre of focus in the membrane dynamics as well as signaling processes. Protein metabolism provides functional macromolecules as well as metabolic intermediates, which the catabolism of amino acids connects to the relationships of central carbon metabolism and nitrogen homeostasis. In addition to the classics of pathway descriptions, this review identifies the regulatory processes that provide the flexibility of their metabolic reactions, such as allosteric enzyme regulation, post-translational changes, and intracellular compartmentalization. The interaction between carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism allows the cells to quickly adjust to changes in nutrient levels without compromising the metabolic effectiveness. These molecular processes are critical in explaining the biochemical basis of growth and development and disease because metabolic dysregulation causes many pathological conditions. The article offers a conceptual framework of future studies aimed at optimizing metabolism, therapeutic intervention, and system-level metabolic engineering by offering a single and sequential description of how nutrient metabolism works on the molecular level.

Areca nut, commonly known as betel nut, holds significant cultural importance in Asian societies. However, its aflatoxin associated losses are more common in Pakistan, Nepal, India and Bangladesh. This study aimed to optimize total aflatoxin determination in areca nut using cost effective, accurate and valid techniques. Various strategic modifications were applied during the method optimization. Blending an 80:20 methanol: water mixture with areca nut sample at high speed, followed by dilution with 15% Tween 20, was found to yield reliable and repeatable results. Validation results aligned with the EU Directive 2002/657/EC and AOAC standard validation guidelines, with % RSD ˂ 20-21% and recovery rates between 60 – 110 %. Detection and quantification limits were low, indicating method sensitivity. Methods were found rugged but showed cross reactivity against tannin and phenolic compounds. Measurement uncertainty was ± 5.8µg/kg for fluorometry and ± 1.9 µg/kg for ELISA. Statistical comparison using ANOVA against the HPLC-FLD reference method revealed no significant differences (p = 0.991), confirming result consistency and homogeneity of variance (Levene’s statistic = 0.009). In conclusion, optimized fluorometry and ELISA methods for aflatoxin analyses in areca nut are cost-effective, reproducible, sensitive, and statistically comparable to the reference method, making them ideal for routine analysis.