A series of novel substituted 2-((3-chloro-2-methylphenyl) ((1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)amino) benzoic acid (5a-l) derivatives were synthesized using a multi-step synthetic route involving the click chemistry approach. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using various spectroscopic techniques, including NMR, IR, Mass and elemental analysis. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against a panel of bacterial strains (including B. Subtilis, B. Sphaericus, and S. Aureus, P. Aeruginosa, K. Aerogenes and C. violaceum) and fungal species (such as C. albicans, A. Fumigatus, T. Rubrum and T. mentagrophytes). The results revealed significant inhibitory effects, with some derivatives showing superior activity compared to standard drugs. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of these compounds was assessed against human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC-3, and HeLa) using MTT assays. Several derivatives exhibited potent cytotoxic effects, indicating their potential as anticancer agents. Molecular docking studies of newly synthesized derivatives 5a-l, along with Doxorubicin and Tamoxifen, against enoyl reductase (PDB ID: 1QSG) indicate potential inhibitors for lipid biosynthesis in cancer therapy.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause a variety of illnesses, from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome. The SARS–COV–2 outbreak was first reported by the World Health Organization in China and has now become an epidemic, reflecting the extremely high transmissibility of the virus, which has caused great concern and stress among people around the world. Research suggests that prevention, risk education, and promotion of self–care behaviors can slow the spread of the disease in communities, and identifying sources of transmission can be effective in controlling it. The mortality rate of this virus is significantly higher in the elderly and people with underlying diseases compared to healthy people. Coronavirus is a challenging disease and can be easily transmitted in public places, and the number of people infected with this virus is increasing exponentially across all ages and groups. Therefore, increasing public awareness of this disease and providing positive psychological programs and teaching prevention methods in the media can reduce mental problems in society, in addition to reducing mortality and the number of patients.

Anatomy has always been the cornerstone of medical science, providing the essential basis for diagnosis, surgery, and therapeutics. While modern anatomy relies on dissection and microscopic techniques, its origins lie in the traditions of Greek physicians and the scholarly contributions of Arab and Islamic medicine. Within this heritage, the study of Tasrῑḥ Shaḥm wa Áḍalāt (anatomy of subcutaneous fat and muscle) highlights the integration of descriptive observation, philosophical reasoning, and clinical application. Greek physicians like Galen laid the groundwork with detailed, albeit animal-based, descriptions of muscles, tendons, and subcutaneous tissues, influencing subsequent generations despite notable inaccuracies in human applications. Arab scholars, building on these translations via institutions like the House of Wisdom, advanced anatomical understanding through systematic dissections and clinical observations, particularly in soft tissues such as subcutaneous fat (shahm) and muscles (aḍalāt). This synthesis not only preserved but enriched Greco-Roman texts, setting the stage for medieval medical progress. Through an analysis of primary Unani manuscripts, historical commentaries, and modern anatomical references, the works of Hippocrates, Al-Rāzī, Al-Majūsī, Ibn Sīnā, Al-Jurjānī, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Hubal al-Baghdādī, Ibn al-Quff, and Al-Masīḥī were examined. Their observations not only contributed to theoretical anatomy but also influenced practical medicine, such as methods of pulse detection, surgical approaches, and interpretations of disease. The comparison between classical and modern anatomy reveals that while ancient scholars provided largely descriptive and functional insights, contemporary anatomy has advanced these ideas with histology, imaging technologies, and biomechanics. Fat (shaḥm) was described as a nutritive reserve and protective cushion, whereas muscle (áḍalāt) was identified as the organ of movement, strength, and resilience. These early views, while framed in pre-modern contexts, share meaningful continuities with contemporary understandings of physiology. This review explores the perspectives of classical Greek and Arab scholars on fat and muscle, emphasizing their significance in both structure and function.