Unsafe working conditions, lack of safety awareness and obvious restricted access to protective gears make artisanal workers highly vulnerable to different forms of occupational risks. Thus, the present study set out to evaluate some biochemical stress markers and atherogenic profile changes in automobile artisans in Port Harcourt. The study adopted a cross-sectional approach to survey automobile repair workers or auto-artisan in various workshops located in Port-Harcourt Metropolis. The purposive and snowball sample size determination tools to recruit the study participants. Eventually, a sample of 60 automobile repair artisans (Automobile Artisans) and 40 control individuals (Non-Automobile Artisans) totaling 100 participants were recruited for the study. Upon ethical approvals and consent issuance by the study participants, blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vessel by phlebotomists, using standard procedures. Quantitative data got from the study were subjected to statistical screening using version 25.0 of the IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) programme. Statistical significance were determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post-Hoc LSD multiple comparison test. The result of the study showed that the automobile artisans’ job naturally selected people mainly within their thirties to their forties of age and that the job may not exert adverse effects on the BMI status of the workers as their was only marginal difference in their mean BMI from that of the non-automobile artisans. On the lipid profile examination, there was generally significant (p<0.05) elevation of TG and reduction in HDL-C levels in artisans compared to those of non-artisan subjects. The atherogenic indices indicated significant (p<0.05) increases in atherogenic coefficient (AC) and Castelli risk index-1 (CRI-1). The levels of GSH, GPx, CAT and SOD were seen to be significantly (p<0.05) depressed in virtually all auto-workers when compared to that of the non-artisans (control group). The frequent use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and timely/good health seeking behaviours amongst the automobile artisans are recommended.

Background: Anatomy is a foundational component of medical education. However, many students find it challenging to apply anatomical knowledge in clinical problem-solving. Understanding their ability to interpret clinical scenarios during the pre-clinical phase can help identify educational gaps. This study evaluated the ability of undergraduate medical students to answer clinically oriented multiple-choice questions (MCQs) compared with non-clinical ones in regional anatomy, and compared performances between first- and second-year students. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 220 Phase-I MBBS students (110 first-year and 110 second-year) in a government medical college in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2022 to June 2023. Students were randomly assigned into clinical and non-clinical groups (n=55 each per year). Two validated sets of 10 MCQs were prepared from Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions (10th edition), reflecting either clinically applied or descriptive content. Scores for correct, incorrect, and unattempted responses were compared using independent sample t-tests in SPSS version 25. Results: Non-clinical groups in both years achieved significantly higher mean scores than clinical groups (p<0.001). First-year non-clinical students scored 45.45±1.84 versus 37.02±2.95 in the clinical group, while second-year non-clinical students scored 42.89±2.84 versus 37.11±1.88 in the clinical group. Differences between first- and second-year clinical groups were not significant, but first-year non-clinical students performed slightly better than their second-year counterparts (p<0.05). Conclusion: Students demonstrated stronger factual knowledge than applied understanding. Early incorporation of clinical relevance in anatomy teaching, supported by case-based and interdisciplinary approaches, is recommended to enhance clinical reasoning.

Introduction: Larrey’s cleft hernia is defined by the permanent or intermittent passage of part of the abdominal contents through the costo-xyphoid hiatus of the diaphragm. Its occurrence in trisomy 21 is classic, but its association with diaphragmatic eventration is rare. We report the case of a 03-year-old patient with Down syndrome who presented an anterior diaphragmatic hernia associated with diaphragmatic eventration. Observation: A.H, aged 03 with Down syndrome, was admitted to the Thoracic Surgery Department of Fann Hospital for the management of a hernia of the Larrey’s cleft. On admission, she presented a sub occlusive syndrome, without vomiting or rectal bleeding, the abdomen was supple, depressible, with no palpable mass. Thoracic-abdominal-pelvic computed tomography showed a midline anterior diaphragmatic hernia (Larrey). The barium enema showed an uninhabited right iliac fossa with intra thoracic digestive gas in front of the heart, an attachment anomaly affecting the cecum, with sigmoid dollish-colon. Larrey's hernia was repaired by supra umbilical midline laparotomy. After 3 weeks, the child again presented an occlusive syndrome, and the CT scan was strongly suggestive of a recurrence of the hernia. Revision by right thoracotomy supplemented by a mini subcostal approach made it possible to rectify the diagnosis, highlighting diaphragmatic eventration, which was treated by plication. The suites were simple. Conclusion: The association of diaphragmatic eventration and hernia of Morgagni is possible and surgical treatment gives good results.