Traumatic lesions of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) remain particularly rare, with avulsions being even more uncommon and often associated with tibial plateau fractures. This study focuses on describing a minimally invasive approach to the retro-spinal surface, enabling tibial reinsertion of avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament in five athletes who experienced high-energy sport-related accidents.

Pelvic chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary bone sarcoma. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment due to its resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We present a case of a 22-year-old male with a large, fixed mass adherent to the right pubic bone. This report highlights the unique Enneking type III location of the chondrosarcoma and details the surgical management using a specialized approach.

Gas flaring and illegal refining in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region contribute significantly to environmental pollution, public health crises, and economic losses. These activities release particulate matter (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), heavy metals, and dioxins, which have been linked to cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, neurological impairments, and adverse reproductive outcomes. Studies conducted in Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States reveal that pollutant levels exceed WHO-recommended safety limits by over 400%, correlating with increased risks of hypertension, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neurotoxicity, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (Ehumadu, Uyigue, & Ndekwu, 2021). The economic burden of gas flaring is estimated at $7.4 billion annually due to healthcare costs, lost productivity, and environmental damage (World Bank, 2022). This paper integrates air quality data, pathophysiological mechanisms, and epidemiological evidence to assess health risks.

Background: The postpartum period involves significant physiological changes requiring optimal nutrition and hydration. In African communities, Xylopia aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera traditionally support maternal recovery. Despite their widespread use, scientific validation of their effects on food intake, water consumption, and weight regulation remains limited. This study assessed the effects of Xylopia aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera on food intake, water intake, and weight changes in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats (87–103 g) were randomised into four groups (n = 6): control (standard rat chow), X. aethiopica (100 mg/kg extract), T. tetraptera (100 mg/kg extract), and a combined group (50 mg/kg of each extract). Food and water intake were recorded daily for 14 days, while body weights were measured at baseline and Day 14. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (p<0.05). Results: All treatment groups demonstrated significantly higher food and water intake than controls, with the X. aethiopica group having the highest intake (food: 95.3 g/day; water: 91.57 ml/day). Weight changes were minimal and statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Xylopia aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera significantly enhance food and water intake without causing excessive weight gain.