Abstract: This paper enables to collect all the relative information about parking brake system, changes of improving the current system. Parking brake is one of the important parts of an aircraft. The function of parking brake system is to slowly stop the aircraft safely at desire place on the ground. The purpose of using the hydraulic accumulator in parking brake system is to store the hydraulic liquid under system pressure. For proper brake operation the accumulator are charged to the pressure of 207 bar. Earlier the manual hand pumping is used to charge the accumulator which is time consuming not so accurate pressure is filled in an accumulator to overcome such problems the battery operated hydraulic rig is developed. This is capable to charge the 50 parking brake accumulators of aircraft once the battery is fully charged. Since it is battery operated so no continuous 3-phase supply is required in the field. Systems will supplies hydraulic pressure to the aircraft parking brake accumulator. The DC motor is operated by a rechargeable LiFePo4 battery, it acts as a source for the motor/pump unit. The pressure switch is used to monitor the pressure in the accumulator. Inline filter is used to filter the oil of the rating 3 micron rating absolute. The LiFePO4 battery charge indication circuit is developed. Hydraulic rig build the 207 bar pressure in the accumulator in an interval of 20sec. The discharge voltage characteristic of LiFePO4 battery and temperature characteristics of pump and dc motor are studied.

Abstract: Well logging curves are carried out normalization correction, the conventional logging data could identify the oil and water beds, but also the oil reservoir with obvious variation and great burial depth. While the shallow buried gases reservoir, the normal interpretation ways aren’t enough to meet the production. After analyzed the characteristics of gas reservoir indication curves such as neutron, density and acoustic logging, the log interpretation methods which base on 3 porosity log curves is proposed. According to the actual well testing, these methods used to identify the shallow-buried natural gas reservoir are economically feasible.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the motivations of the youth FM listeners for the preferred contents. This study serves as a guide and a source of information to radio stations broadcasting for young people or organization that anticipate producing radio programs for the youth. The researcher used the descriptive survey method. The study’s tool for data collection was the questionnaire which contained both open-ended and closed-ended questions. The researcher selected 200 youth from day secondary schools in Nairobi to take part in the study. The study revealed that youth tune to FM stations motivated by three factors namely; need to escape from boredom, need to escape from problems and emotional release. These factors, according to researcher explain why the FM radio listenership is low.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the contents covered by FM stations in Nairobi and how the youth evaluate the preferred content. This study serves as a guide and a source of information to radio stations broadcasting for young people or organization that anticipate producing radio programs for the youth. The researcher used the descriptive survey method. This study looks at youth listenership in Nairobi because Nairobi has the biggest number of FM stations and therefore has the largest number of FM listeners. The youth in Nairobi are more exposed and outgoing and have better access to radios that elsewhere. The tool for data collection was the questionnaire, which contained both open-ended and closed-ended questions. The researcher selected 200 youths from day secondary schools in Nairobi to take part in the study. A research assistant helped in the administering of the questionnaires. The study revealed that youth tune to FM stations mainly for entertainment, news and information on issues affecting them. The study also revealed that peer influence is the leading factor influencing content preference among youth radio listeners. Other factors are personal identity and the need to escape from boredom among others. The study recommendations ways of incorporating music, talk shows, news and educational programs in the program schedule of youth programs. It also recommended identifying the various needs of youth and laying out strategies on how best to meet them.

Ecotourism in Kerala, India, has emerged as a significant strategy at the intersection of environmental conservation and socioeconomic development, particularly in its rural areas. This paper examines the dual role of ecotourism in fostering rural self-employment while simultaneously promoting ecological stewardship, arguing that its most transformative potential lies in its capacity to interweave these into a cohesive model for sustainable development. Kerala, renowned for its rich biodiversity encompassing the Western Ghats’ biodiversity hotspots, backwaters and forest ecosystems, faces persistent challenges of rural unemployment, economic disparity and environmental degradation. The traditional model of resource extraction often proves detrimental to both ecosystems and long-term community resilience. In this context, ecotourism presents an alternative pathway by valorizing the intact environment as the primary economic asset. It facilitates rural self-employment by creating a diverse ecosystem of micro-enterprises directly linked to the conservation of local natural and cultural capital. This is evidenced in the proliferation of community-managed homestays, locally-guided nature tours, agro-tourism ventures, traditional culinary experiences and handicraft cooperatives that utilize sustainable materials. These activities not only generate income but also revitalize indigenous knowledge and cultural practices, embedding conservation ethics within economic incentives. Furthermore, the decentralized nature of ecotourism empowers local communities and community-based organizations, fostering participatory governance and ensuring a more equitable distribution of tourism revenues. In conclusion, ecotourism in Kerala demonstrates a promising, though complex, framework for addressing the twin imperatives of conservation and livelihood security offering a replicable model for other biodiverse regions grappling with similar developmental dilemmas.

Recently in this laboratory 8-phenylthiacabamido-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-1, 8-(phenyl-2,4-dithiabiureto)-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-2, 8-[(3-phenylimino)-1,2,4-dithiazolo]-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo [4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-3, 8-[(2-phenylimino-6-phenylamino)-1,3,5-dithiazinoimino]-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3- a][1,4]benzodiazepine i.e.M-4, 8-[(2-thio-3-phenyl-6-phenylamino)-1,3,5-thiadi- azino]imino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H- [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-5 were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were tested against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. megatherium, A. aerogenes, P. vulgaris by Disc diffusion method and MIC methods. These compounds showed good results.

Lexemes relate in terms of sense in various ways that are linguistically referred to as homonymy, polysemy, antonymy, synonymy and even hyponymy among others. Though some of these relations like hyponymy tend to include majorly lexemes referring to discrete objects that relate in terms of sense, there is a lexical relation whereby one whole object refers to a combination of various parts which may include discrete and abstract entities. These parts are of different structures and functions. This relation involving the whole and the parts is normally referred to as meronymy. Thus the article shows the application of set theory formulas in the presentation of lexical meronymy. Though there are component – integral object, member – collection, portion – mass, stuff – object, feature – activity and also place – area relations in meronymy, the study has only embarked on the component – integral object and place –area relations together with some two more proposed period – time and colour – spectrum relations.

Present research work comprises, isomerisation of series of (2E)-1-[4-(2-ethylimino-4-substitutedimino)-1,3,5- dithiazino-6-yl) aminophenyl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (Ia-e) were successfully carried using sodium bicarbonate in aqueous ethanol in to (2E)-1-[4-(2,4-dithio-3-ethyl-5-substituted-1,3,5-triazino-6-yl) aminophenyl]-3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (IIa-e). All the synthesized compounds were justified on the basis of chemical tests, elemental study and spectral characterization.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness, mostly of under-fives. It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed countries, with coronary artery abnormalities in 20-25% of untreated patients. This is a retrospective study of patient records of cases of KD in 5 years at Sohar hospital, Oman looking at epidemiology, clinical presentation, investigations and management. In our study, KD occurred mostly in boys under 5,in the first half of the year. All had fever. In decreasing frequency, they had oral mucosal changes, cervical lymphadenopathy, rash, conjunctivitis and extremity changes. Most had raised CRP/ESR, raised platelets, and low haemoglobin. Less than half had a raised white cell count. Serum albumin was done in 44% of admissions, of which 37.5% had low values. 50% admissions had urine microscopy done. Blood cultures, urine cultures, ASOT, Monospot, viral studies, ALT were also done and were all mostly normal. Ultrasound neck was done in one case and chest X-ray in two cases. ECHO showed some abnormality in 50% admissions. 16.7% cases were typical KD, 72.2 % incomplete KD. All (100%) children received the recommended treatment. 5.5% of admissions was unresponsive to IVIG, and responded to methylprednisolone. Our study demonstrates recognition of KD in children in Oman, mostly presenting as incomplete KD. All children(100%) received the recommended treatment.

The study was conducted in the Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana involving 360 household heads. A simple random sampling was used to select the households from 12 randomly selected Electoral Areas out of 47 Electoral Areas. The study shows that 34% preferred plastic products because of the lack of alternative materials while 53% and 13% preferred plastics products because it was common and light in weight respectively. The desire to use plastic products has resulted in high plastic waste generation. Out of the total households of 360, 2% were not aware that plastics could cause any threat whilst 98% households were very much aware of the threats caused by plastics. In a multiple response, almost all household within the Municipality agreed that plastic waste created a diversity of problems. 97% indicated that plastic waste silt gutters, 97% said plastic waste creates unsanitary environmental conditions, 66% was of the view that plastic wastes serves as breading grounds for mosquitoes, 60% said they cause animal death whilst 53% said they pollute water bodies. Also nearly 50% indicated that plastic wastes affect human health and 59% said they affect agricultural soils. The study also revealed that 34% were not willing to separate plastics waste from household waste before disposal whilst 66% were willing to do so. The Bolgatanga Municipality and the Zoomlion Company have very little capacity to manage plastic waste in the Municipality. The government and civil society organizations must therefore establish recycling plants in each region to convert the plastic wastes into useful products for the society.

In order to recognize the Chinese herbal medicine our side and to provide the help for the Chinese herbal medicine lovers, we design a kind of recognition system of herbal medicine by our mobile terminal based on the Android platform. By the application software in our mobile terminal we achieve the Chinese herbal medicine recognition application to meet the requirements of Chinese herbal medicine. The application is focus the functions on storing the information of Chinese herbal medicine by database and querying the information from the database so as to recognize the Chinese herbal medicine by comparison. The system is accomplished with Android platform and Java programming. By the application, we can recognize the Chinese herbal medicine our side by our mobile terminals conveniently.

Four-aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium channel blocker often used in the management of some neurological disorders, and is often accompanied with seizures as one of its side effect. This study comparatively assessed the effects of two anticonvulsants (MgSO4 and Diazepam) on seizures induced by 4-AP in CD1 mice, with a view to possibly recommend the combined administration of 4-AP with any of these anticonvulsants to ameliorate convulsions (one of 4-AP’s side effects). Twenty one (21) CD1 mice weighing 20 – 25g were used for this study. They were assigned into 3 groups (n = 7) as follows; control seizure (13.3mg kg-1 of 4-AP), seizure + diazepam (2mg kg-1), and seizure + MgSO4 (4.5mg kg-1) groups. Induction of seizures was done 30 minutes after the intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of the anticonvulsants (MgSO4 and diazepam, respectively), after which parameters such as; the onset of trembling, wild running, jerking, tonic clonic seizures and time of death, were evaluated using standard methods. The results obtained showed that MgSO4 and Diazepam delayed the onset of seizures by significantly (p<0.001) increasing the onset of trembling, wild running, jerking, tonic clonic seizures and significantly (p<0.001) delayed time of death compared with control. MgSO4 significantly (p<0.001) increased the onset of trembling, wild running, jerking, tonic clonic seizures and delayed the time of death compared to diazepam. Both anticonvulsants delayed the onset of the events that bring about seizures induced by 4-AP, but none could completely reverse seizures; therefore the combined administration of 4-AP and either of these anticonvulsants may not offer any therapeutic benefit following seizures induced by 4-AP.

Till date, there has been no single material in dentistry that is idyllic in nature, which can satisfy all the necessities of a superlative material. As the search for an ―ideal restorative material‖ continues, newer group of materials were introduced. These are ―Smart Materials’’, as they support the remaining tooth structure to the level, so that more conservative cavity preparation can be performed. These materials may be improved in a precise manner by stimulus such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic field. Some of these are ―Biomimetic‖ in nature as their properties imitate the natural tooth constituent such as Enamel or Dentin. The existing dental materials were amended so as to make them smarter. Use of Smart materials has modernized dentistry which comprises the use of restorative materials such as Smart composites, Smart ceramics, Composers, Resin modified glass ionomer, Amorphous calcium phosphate releasing pit and fissure sealants, etc. and other materials such as Shape memory alloys, Smart impression material, Smart suture, Smart burs, etc., . This article highlights the use of Smart materials for achieving benefit by the conventional restorative procedures in dentistry.

Apoptosis is a well defined mode of cell death which plays an important role in the development, regulation, and maintenance of the cell count in all multicellular organisms. It is responsible for the cell-death events that occur right from the formation of the early embryo and the sculpting and moulding of organs in adult life. Apoptosis has role in both health and diseases with defective apoptotic mechanisms leading to wide range of pathologies including oral diseases. This review focuses on the role and significance of apoptosis in various physiologic as well as pathologic processes affecting the oral cavity.

A 53 year old male patient came to the comprehensive care clinic with the chief complaint of worn out teeth. On examination generalized attrition, extrinsic staining, spacing between anterior teeth, decreased vertical dimensions of occlusion with loss of anterior guidance were seen. The patient was presented with the diagnostic mock up to restore the lost anterior guidance. On his acceptance, occlusal rehabilitation with full mouth porcelain fused to metal crowns and custom post and core for maxillary anteriors were done. Mutually protected occlusion with canine guidance was achieved for the patient. During follow-up appointments the patient was comfortable with his newly restored occlusion. A positive psycho-social changes were conveyed by patient's family and colleagues.