The paper demolishes an old myth which the Soviet Union created after 1945. The myth is associated with the victory of USSR against Germany and its allies in Europe during the Second World War. According to the Soviet Union, the “Great Patriotic War” of 1941-1945, was won because of Stalin leadership and due to the efficient economic industrial mobilization which the Communist GOSPLAN Central Economic Committee imposed on the economy. The Soviet era argument compares the victory of 1945 with the defeat of capitalist Russia in 1917, and claims that the communist organization of the war economy has been very successful compared to the poor organization of capitalist Russia of 1914-1917 period. The reality is different. The USSR was both heavier industrialized and armed compared to the Empire of the Czar in 1914. However the USSR suffered more defeats, human and material losses as well as catastrophes compared to those of the Russian Empire. And these developments occurred as the country enjoyed greater military and economic aid from the US and Great Britain compared to what was granted to Czarist Russia during 1914- 1917. The biggest paradox however is associated with the post-war settlements. The humiliating defeat which the Czarist Empire suffered in World War I -and was sealed with the Treaty of Brest Litovsk signed by Lenin- was never implemented since the Western Allies with the victory of 1918 simply abolished the Treaty. Thus the defeat of 1917 practically did not have a negative outcome. The 1945 victory generated the huge expansion of Soviet sphere of power in Eastern Europe but the cost of victory was so high that the final outcome can be considered as a pyrrhic victory.

The aim of this study is to compare the efficiency of radiopaque dye, decalcification, and histological sectioning in detection of accessory canals in mandibular 1st molars. 30 Extracted mandibular 1st molars were selected. The teeth selected for the study were stored in normal saline. Endodontic access openings were made using a round bur and pulp tissue was removed from the pulp chamber using a standard spoon excavator. Root canal contents were extirpated using barbed broach. Complete debridement of root canals was done using files No. 8 to 25, with copious irrigation using 3% sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were placed in separate bottles containing normal saline and were labeled. Three different methods were used to study the accessory canals, viz, Radiopaque dye, decalcification, and histologic sectioning. According to this study, The incidence of lateral and accessory canals for the mandibular first molar is 46.6%. Results showed that Histological sectioning was significantly ( P = 0.048) better than dye method , but the difference between the Histological sectioning and decalcification was not significant.

The purpose of this study is to predict the accurate timings for pubertal growth peaks for Class I, Class II - Div 1, Div 2 and Class III. Comparisons are made between the period of the pubertal growth peak in Class I, Class II –Div 1, Div 2 and Class III subjects. This would help the orthodontist in the following ways: 1) For predicting correct treatment time for all malocclusions. 2) For benefiting the patient by guiding the growth modification treatment during the favorable time in a balanced and harmonious manner. 3) To assess skeletal age and pubertal growth spurts are of prime importance in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, for diagnosis, treatment planning, and retention. This study has used the Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) technique for the finding of the peak in growth of mandible, based on the scrutinizing and analysising of the second through fourth cervical vertebrae in a single cephalogram. The lateral cephalograms of orthodontically untreated or new subjects/ patients, ages 8 through 18 years, were studied. The CVM stage on each radiograph was assessed and evaluated according to the Baccetti et al method. Skeletal relationship was evaluated by Steiner’s analysis (By Steiner's analysis: ANB (A point, Nasion, B point) shows whether the relationship amongst the maxilla and mandible is normal (skeletal class I relationship (+ 2 degrees), a skeletal Class II (+4 degrees or more), or skeletal Class III (0 or negative). The Duration of pubertal peak in Class I was 5 months longer than class II patients and 6 months shorter than class III patients. The pubertal peak for Class I subjects lasted 1 year 4 months (in agreement with previous indications of the literature) whereas in subjects with Class II div 1& div 2 malocclusion it lasted for a shorter period (11 months) and Class III malocclusion it persisted for a longer period (1 year 10 months).

The right to education is a fundamental right enshrined in the most important legal documents and international conventions. Nevertheless in countries with ethnic and linguistic divisions, the right to education is not guaranteed to all and often it is required a genuine implementation of policies in order to achieve inclusiveness and full realization of this right. In this paper I will analyze how this right is implemented when it comes to national minorities in the case of FYR of Macedonia. In the first part of this paper I will compare the educational system before and after the Ohrid Agreement, to find the root causes of the segregation of pupils with different ethnic background in Macedonian schools today. This phenomena lead to the necessity of a new approach when it comes to education in divided societies: that of inclusive education. The last chapter will discuss specific policy suggestions in order to overcome barriers to the inclusiveness in education. In this paper I will mainly use secondary sources such as reports and studies published by international and regional organizations. Primary sources will be also consulted such as the Macedonian legislation on the educational sector from 1991.

Unemployment is one of the main problems facing Algeria, due to their negative dimensions and serious consequences on the country’s economy and social life. Therefore, Algeria government has developed policies of employment concerning the category of young people; especially university graduates. This is resulting in a new version of labor, temporary labor instead of permanent labor; that represents an essential mechanism for integration and social cohesion. The objective of this paper is to investigate labor representation of the young university graduates category rather than their ambition realized from temporary labor. In this study, a conceptual framework is developed based on extend literature review and examination of data collected from 60 young university graduates working in public sector. Globally, there is a difference between female’s and male’s labor representation. Female labor is a way to self – realization and appreciation in the first confederation and them a means of financial independence. While for the male labor is festival way to salary then an obligation for society services. As a result of their ambitions, temporary labor may help to absorb unemployment rate especially for university graduate.

Pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid are uncommon dermatological disorders which also involves the mucosae of the oral cavity. Both the conditions differ in microscopy and prognosis. Thus the aim of the present paper is to present one case each of pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid with oral involvement. Special attention has been made on the clinical tests to evaluate these disorders and cytological pitfalls, which may be helpful for both clinicians and pathologists.

Current methodologies in displaying dynamic organic frameworks regularly need fathomability, particularly for users without scientific foundation. In this paper propose another way to deal with defeat such confinements by joining the graphical representation gave by the utilization of Petri nets with the demonstrating of flow by effective yet natural fuzzy logic based frameworks. We build a fuzzy reasoning Petri net (FRPN) model for the genetic regulatory network of the lac operon of E. coli bacterium. Depending on the FPN formalism is a decent other option to mathematical equations that require dynamic parameter qualities and better than Boolean Formalism which naturally sets control as "on" or "off" guidelines. The lac operon has been considered as a model framework for comprehension the molecular biology of gene expression with considered to its regulation. We approve our formal model via programmed checking a progression of characteristics that are known for the control of the lactose. In this way, we demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing FRPN to design and reason about biochemical systems.

This research deals with the design and implementation of an improved e-learning system taking Computer Science Unit, Mathematics Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto as the case study. It allows upload of learning materials online and give room for one-on-one interaction with the lecturer by creating an avenue for the students to ask questions and get their answers online. The system is aimed at being user-friendly, reliable and improved with better specifications. The e-learning system is designed using HTML, CSS, PHP, Ajax, and MySQL. To ensure proper interaction between students and lecturers, this proposed system incorporate audio calls to lecturers through Skype and also video conferencing through webinar (Web Based Seminar); a software that enables lecturers deliver lecture live. It gives the system the ability to give, receive, and discuss information in real time.

Parshall flume provides economical and flexible water measurement capabilities for a wide variety of open channel flow situations. The advantages of this structure include minimal head loss, low construction cost, adaptability to a variety of channel types and ability to measure wide ranges of flow with custom-designed structure. In this study, head measurements of a stream behind mass communication department, Nnamdi Azikiwe, University were taken using a fabricated 6-inch Parshall flume for five days. The flow rate of the stream was computed with a Parshall flume equation. The results achieved shows that the model has good ability to estimate flow rate passing through the fabricated Parshall. When compared with the free flow calibration table for Parshall flumes, the two results were in good agreement. Flow rates computed by the fabricated 0.1524m Parshall flume have a slight difference of 0.00002m3/s – 0.00018m3/s, with that of the free flow calibration. The average error in the estimation of flow rate between them was 0.0032 (0.32%) with a head loss of 0.0348m.

Product sampling and free trials are a common practice in many industries. The present article aims to analyze the offer of complimentary rooms within the hospitality business. Despite the widespread use of this marketing tool, the phenomenon appears to be understudied within academic contributions and not comprehensively tracked by corporations specialized in hotel market data and benchmarking. The article aims giving a comprehensive view of the topic, combining both existing literature and sectorial applications. Theoretical contributions, concrete practices and practical implications are discussed and further research directions are identified.

Completion of root development takes around 3 years after eruption of permanent teeth. Any pulpal injury in this period can lead to necrosis of pulp. Pulp necrosis of immature permanent teeth may impair root development and apical closure of root canals. Management of immature non vital teeth is very challenging for a clinician because teeth may have wide open apex and thin root canal walls that may diverge towards the apex. Conventional cleaning and shaping of the canals and obturation may not be possible because of the lack of apical stop. This case report presents two cases of apexification. First case, managed using Calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste for multiple visit apexification which had a rare apexogenesis like outcome and second case using MTA for single visit apexification followed by root reinforcement with Glass fiber reinforced composite post.

This review was indicated on healthcare development of Cambodia and Kazakhstan. This paper aimed to comparison studies on healthcare system between Cambodia and Kazakhstan. The healthcare system of these two countries is significantly different, and healthcare reform in Kazakhstan was just a little better than in Cambodia; although, the health situation in both countries was virtually the same, and needs the government to improve more on this sector. The MOH is the principal authority who has overall responsibility on this sector, and strongly assures this sector has been improving. In suggestion, to enhance this sector, MOH should be watchful on policies, legislation, strategic plan, financing and increasing health workforce.

To estimate the prevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], Hepatitis B virus [HBV] and Hepatitis C virus[HCV] among patients attending a tertiary care hospital, South India. A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2015 and August 2016. A total of 71,703 samples [HIV-319, HBV-455, HCV- 157] were tested for anti-HIV, HBS Ag and anti-HCV using standard serological tests. The prevalence of HIV was 319[1.44%], HBV 455 [1.78%] and HCV was 157[0.65%]. ‘Z’ test was used for statistical analysis. It was found that there was statistically significant difference between proportions of all the three. The proportion of HBV was more when compared with HIV [P=0.0019] and HCV [P=0.00001]. The proportion of HIV was more when compared with HCV [P=0.00001]. The study revealed high prevalence of HBV, intermediate prevalence of HIV and low prevalence of HCV. The study emphasises the need for early screening of all the three infections, and the results highlight the importance of relevant targeted interventions in these populations.

The main objectives of the study are to examine moderating role of emotional intelligence between personality traits and employability in the students of Malaysian public universities. The data were collected from (380) business students by applying stratified random sampling. The SEM and CFA Technique has adapted to examine relationship between personality trait emotional intelligence and employability. The findings of study proven that the moderating impact of emotional intelligence construct on relationship between personality trait and employability in the Malaysian business students. These findings may help policy makers to understand employability phenomena by different perspective. In the lieu, current study is included student view point about their emotional intelligence, personality trait employability. In further implication, these construct can be intervene during the studies to get high chances towards employment at the business world.

The main aim of this study to examine the perception of hotelier‘s attitude toward Islamic hospitality, the readiness of North Cyprus as a destination for Islamic hospitality and attract tourist (i.e. Islamic tourist for visiting North Cyprus). The study conducts in 3, 4 and 5 Stars hotels in Girne City on North Cyprus. The questionnaire was disrupted among decision‘s makers in hotels. The results reveal that 3 stars hotels are most hotels agree to adopt Islamic hospitality perception. The study tries to fill the gap in literature which has few studies that focus on the research area.