Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Smoking may enhance oxidative stress not only through the production of reactive oxygen radicals in smoke but also through weakening of the antioxidant defense systems. Study done To assess the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in cigarette smokers. This is case control study. The study was conducted from February to May 2015, sixty samples from non smokers chosen randomly as control and sixty sample from smoker as test group. All samples were tested for superoxide dismutase activity using fortress diagnostic reagent by spectrophotometer analyzer, and results were analyzed using statistical of package social science. The study result showed that the level of superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decrease (P = 0.00) in smokers. Mean ± SD cases versus controls (907±134.47 versus 1159±93.44). There are a significant moderate negative correlation with the number of cigarettes per day (P = 0.00) also weak negative correlation with duration of smoking (P = 0.048).From this study, concluded that superoxide dismutase level was significantly decreased in smokers and correlated negatively with number of cigarettes and duration.

This paper examined empirically if Kenya‟s pattern of trade with India is consistent with Heckscher-Ohlin theory, using a fixed-effect panel data model and macroeconomic variables for the period 1970 to 2013. The findings indicate a strong trade relation between Kenya and India, with Kenya specializing in the exportation of primary products to India. Overall, the findings indicate that the Kenya–India trade relation is consistent with the factor proportions theory, which spells out the trade relationship between the North – South poles. The paper recommends that Kenyan government should encourage Indian investors to establish subsidiaries of their manufacturing companies in Kenya in order to reduce the cost of importation of capital intensive goods and create jobs in the domestic economy.

Abstract: This study developed a model that integrated the teaching of reading and writing and used writing via information and communication technology (ICT) tools for assessment to engage internationally diverse students. A 2-year action study was conducted for internationally diverse students participating in a teacher-training course. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis results revealed that the proposed teaching model could engage internationally diverse students and raise a learning instructor beyond the local culture. The model provided a framework for instructor–student social negotiation and opened space for uncertainty. The design, writing via ICT for assessment, promoted a learning community in which additional diverse ICT tools were eventually incorporated into the model. Students from different international backgrounds exhibited slight differences in their behaviors as the proposed model was implemented; generating the most challenges in the short term, newly arrived international (exchange) students presented the greatest opportunities for improving the proposed teaching model.

This paper documents Nigeria’s economic development experience over the period 1914 – 2014. The paper shows that the economy has metamorphosed from Agro economy to oil economy. We find that agricultural sector contributed over 60% of the GDP in the 1960s. Despite the reliance of Nigerian peasant farmers on traditional tools and indigenous farming methods, they produced 70% of Nigeria's exports and 95% of its food needs. Again, the economy moved from export producing economy to import consuming economy with little or no evidence of further paradigm shift. This paper evaluates the various development policies in Nigeria and the socio- economic effects of these major economic developmental programmes such as inward-outward looking programme, indigenization programme, and structural adjustment programme up till the vision 20: 2020 programme. The paper asserts that Nigeria, though over a century old now, has witnessed slow pace of economic development and had been hindered by years of colonization, military rule, corruption, political interest (ethnicity, militancy, and insurgency) and mismanagement. Nonetheless, her achievements include being the 12th largest producer of petroleum in the world. Nigeria also has a wide array of underexploited mineral resources which include natural gas, coal, bauxite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone, lead and zinc. However, the paper concludes that the slow pace in development is neither lack of planning nor inadequate planning, but that political expediency usually overrides economic rationality in her development programme implementations.

Abstract: As English becomes more and more important in our life, the English listening ability is called upon to be higher and higher. Since the average level of college students’ listening ability is low, we conduct a series of surveys to find out the reasons. Thus we find that too easy and boring listening practice in the textbooks, lower learning interest and motivation level as well as poor phonetic basis lead to the fact. At the same time, we find that the students are fond of English movies, which are said to be good teaching materials for English learners. So another survey which shows the likes and learning methods of the students towards English movies is done. All the data collected will help to lay foundation for further study.

This study aims to provide an analysis of al-Qabisy‟s ideas based on his book, “Ar-Risala Mufassaah Liahwali Al-Mutaalimin Wa-Ahkam Al-Muaalimin Wal-Mutaalimin” (Detailed letter to the conditions of students and rules for teachers and students). This study is carried out to examine Al-Qabisy‟s main ideas in teaching the Quran, and the implications of his ideas in improving the Qur‟anic teaching among children. A content analysis method has been used to obtain all research objectives. There are eight key components of Quranic teaching that have been discovered from this study. They are student, teacher, intention, teacher's responsibility, syllabus, schedule, stages of learning, and assessment. These components are very useful in improving the Qur‟anic teaching among children. The concepts presented in this article is hoped to be beneficial in improving the teaching of Qur‟an among children.

Health records have played an increasingly important role throughout history as an important legal document for the exercise of Individuals' rights. However, domestic Legislation fails to define health records as a legally important collection of health data and documents. Recording Facts and storing legally important documents are therefore the Tasks of the operator. Using the prescriptive method we will determine which laws are governing the management of health records, their safety and accessibility. Based on the descriptive method we will describe the process of handling health records by the provider of health treatment, Focusing on Regulatory Gaps exposed and the area of the protection of the rights of an individual. Through the analysis of the laws governing the management of health records, even after death and operator terminating the service, we will carry out inductive reasoning and Provide Conclusions Regarding the Attitude towards health records. Considering Different results we can conclude that health information, especially relevant documents to the protection of individual's rights, are not transparent. Above all, the documents and the collection are not properly, this allowing for their removal. Even the transfer of health records by the provider of health treatment is not defined which could result and the disposal of the entire health documentation. From the research, it appears that all democratic countries that respect the rights of patients to adopt a legal document, which requires the documentation and processing of health data. The reasons for the necessity of regulating this field are the subject of the article.

After the world war II in 1920s there has been created the void situation in the society. The desolate condition has found by the modern people. They were having the predicament life with stranded fate and the consequence has came negatively upon their life which was called the moral degradation. Most of the critics felt to write about their disrupt feelings towards the immoral sides of the fashioned people with empty hearts. T. S Eliot was a scintillating figure who did attempt to write and depicted the picture of modernism and dilemma of actual morality. To show the disposition about his ideologies regarding moral dilemma and voidness in modern people’s life, Eliot has been written his magnificent piece of poem named The Waste Land (1922). After the publication of this remarkable poem, the modern society of that time has been shaken like anything. Because this poem did deconstruct the structure of modernism and the concoctation of other elements. After the postwar the emptiness in modern people has been presented as like the disease of the age. However Eliot did divide this poem into five incredibly meaningful parts where he did use some mythical elements. The effort of this paper is to show how the poem The West Land symbolically suggested the death of spiritual quest of men. Therefore asked some dispute kind of questions on modernism. Through this paper i will attempt to expose the picture of modern people’s void life which has given by the name of west land. Eliot actually tried to tie the uncomfortable zone with the human’s universal problems and also he intended to discern a possible way of coming out from that eternal malaise in human life.

The social sciences are certified by many experts as one of the educational institutions that affect the formation of social capital. The aim of this research is developing a teaching model in the field of medical sciences for undergraduate students to strengthen their social capital. To answer the question of what type of teaching method can be offered for undergraduate students in the field of medical science to strengthen their social capital? This qualitative research employed Grounded theory methodology. It was conducted in 2015 in Tehran and the data collection tool was interview. The medical sciences undergraduate students (n = 20) participated in the study. Sampling was purposeful and encoding method was used to analyze the data. After identifying the main categories of research (teaching method) the obstacles, strategies and outcomes were drawn in the final research model. Thus, it is worth that the teaching methods in undergraduate level of medical sciences are reviewed and implemented according to the proposed model.

Abstract: This article examined the problem of the proliferation of Churches and moral decadence in Nigeria with a focus on Pentecostal ministries, from the humanistic point of view. The study also looks at the socio-economic and religious implications of this proliferation to national development in contemporary Nigeria. The study engaged majorly secondary data in an attempt to study this phenomenon and came out with factors responsible for the escalation of moral decadence in spite of the escalation of Churches. The study ends with concluding remarks and also proffers solutions and way forward.

In this article we will definite development and its purposes and also introduce main elements of national development. Not with standing, desire of personal and social of grow and develop is one of the common trait in each society, but ideal and extremity in each of them are completely different .However nowadays the meaning of growing and developing is economic in special scales for welfare in country. As a result welfare wont come off, unless with designing and performing in all aspects development with realization of social justice in society and however performing of social justice will bring economic welfare with it self. Although movement of national development has humanity, economical, culture, social and political. Aspects, but, human is main care and pivot in different prospects, and until human doesn’t get a minimum of development disillusion, exploit of other aspects of development isn’t possible. Development of human being is like a bridge for escape of a bulic to animus, disorder to order, division to unity, and insecurity to security; Under employment to improve working, move to community .For resistant expansion we introduce five pillars as columns of nationality development in this article and also them roles in national development in this process. Educational system, Researching system, management system, value system. National security system. Also the process of development needs some devices as connections, transportation, and energy.

Abstract: There are three main forms of problems in mathematics textbooks in primary schools in Viet Nam: single problems, complex problems and typical problems. Among them, the typical problem is a problem that has a fixed solution. Normally, if students identify typical problems correctly, they will address them correctly. In this study, we only focus on one of typical problems “finding two numbers if their sum and their ratio are known” in Mathematics 4. It is the aim to examine the students’ capacity to solve the above form of problem and find out their mistakes made in the process of solving the problem. 92 primary school students participated in the research and they had to address two problems related to “finding two numbers if their sum and their ratio are known”. A detailed content analysis was used carefully. The findings showed that most students succeeded in solving the given problems, but they also committed some errors in their solutions.

Bidi rolling is a popular home based work at Purulia. It provides employment for more than two lakhs bidi workers, particularly in the Purulia west region. Purulia comes under extended part of Chhotonagpur Platue, where agriculture is not prosperous. Industry is not developed either. Large number of population is dependent on nonagricultural activities for their survival. Household industries are important employment providers. A descriptive cross-sectional study has been used to assess the impact of access to sanitation facilities and to safe usable water on the health expenditure of bidi workers. A total of 124 household containing 663 people were selected from five villages with highest concentration of Bidi workers of Jhalda II Block. We have used a predesigned, pretested questionnaire for collection of data to be analysed by appropriate statistical method. Most of the bidi workers were living in poor environmental and housing conditions. Around 80% of these workers are suffering from water crisis for domestic use and/or drinking purposes. It was observed that almost 70% of the workers developed occupational health problems as reported by the male and female bidi workers. Our empirical study shows that occupational health hazards are lessened by the access to sanitation facilities and to safe usable water among bidi workers.

Abstract: Association between certain systemic diseases and ABO blood group is a well known fact. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is any association between periodontal disease and ABO blood groups. A cross sectional study was carried-out on 200 subjects who were randomly selected from individuals referred for periodontal treatment. The study subjects were segregated into healthy gingiva/mild gingivitis (Group I), moderate/severe gingivitis (Group II) and varying grades of periodontitis groups (Group III) , based on Loe and Silness index and clinical attachment loss as the criteria. The study groups were further categorized and graded using Ramfjord's periodontal disease index. Blood samples were collected to identify ABO blood groups. A non-parametric test, Chi-square test, was used for statistical analysis. Patients with blood group O and B were more pre-disposed to develop periodontitis with at least one side with attachment loss of more than 3 mm and with periodontal pocket depth of more than 4 mm with statistically significant results (p<0.001). There is a correlation existing between periodontal disease and ABO blood groups as far as this region was concerned. This association could be explained by the various blood group antigens acting as receptors for infectious agents associated with periodontal diseases. This broad correlation between periodontal disease and ABO blood groups pointed towards susceptibility of the subjects with certain blood groups to periodontal diseases.

This essay wants to rescue the concept of phaneroscopy, created by Charles Sanders Peirce, to adapt it in a phenomenological condition of multiple realities. Therefore, in addition to review the reflection of Peirce, we visited the approach of phenomenology of multiple realities proposed by Alfred Schutz in his reading of William James. The idea is to seek a phenomenology that goes beyond the human consciousness to other research subjects.