Objectives: To thoroughly evaluate the causes, associated risk factors, and management of anxiety and depression (AD) among young adults by synthesizing current literature. Methods: A thorough search of pertinent databases was done in order to find studies that satisfied the requirements for inclusion. A thorough search of PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Science Direct was conducted to find pertinent literature. Results: Nine studies, including a total of 13628 participants diagnosed with anxiety or depression or both, and 4972 (63.2) of them were males, were included in our data. Earlier use of cannabis, poverty, romantic love, and internet addiction were found to be associated with AD in young adults. Brief psychodynamic therapy seems to be a promising strategy for young adults experiencing mild to moderate AD. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) classes, even for short durations, are also beneficial in treating student patients' AD. Referring patients with more severe symptoms to a psychologist skilled in CBT may be beneficial. Conclusion: The development of AD among young adults is multifactorial. Psychodynamic therapy was recommended for mild to moderate AD, while CBT was proposed for young adults with severe forms. Longitudinal, prospective, and randomized trials are needed to study the interventions that may improve AD among young adults as well as the possible causes.

This paper describes the application of experimental design techniques to characterize the wear behavior of two medium carbon steels designing with suitable alloying elements, Mn, Si, Al, and Cr. Application of experimental design technique enabled us to confirm the significance of the factors affecting the wear behavior with a minimum number of experiments. Attempt was to find out the dominant parameter on the wear behaviour. The experiments of sliding wear were performed under pressure range of 0.71- 1.98 MPa and sliding velocity range of 3.43-10.43 m/s. the wear specimens were obtained through hot forging process with ~ 92% reduction on the investigated alloys at a temperature of 1100 0C followed by air cooling. Microstructural investigations on the worn surfaces were undertaken. The morphology results and the general wear formulas reveal that applied pressure was found to be the most significant parameter.

Optimizing nurse assignments is crucial for maintaining quality care and improving patient outcomes, as nurse staffing represents 40% of hospital costs. A change from assigning nurses at random to using scientific criteria has affected operations, funding, worker happiness, and patient safety. Patient diagnoses, continuity of care, and nurse-to-patient ratios are important factors to take into account. Improving nursing productivity and lowering turnover now depend on skill mapping, which assesses nurses' competencies according to hospital requirements. Improving nurse satisfaction and the caliber of patient care requires effective staffing strategies that are adapted to the needs and acuity of the patients. This review of the literature looks at how skill mapping and acuity tools can be combined to improve patient outcomes, maximize resource usage, and improve nursing activities. It demonstrates how useful Perroca's instrument is in guiding care planning and management decisions.

The Islam is very clear that Minorities should be treated equally by the State which follows Islam. Fundamental rights are available to the Minorities in Islamic territories. Besides it, they are having certain special rights for the protection of their culture and religion. They have full right to profess and practice religion or faith of their choice. The State will be duty bound to protect their place of worship. They will be protected from all types of violence and aggression. The Quranic injunctions and prophetic traditions guarantee a society, where all citizens of the state enjoy equal rights irrespective of their religion.

Introduction: Oligohydramnios, a common amniotic fluid disorder, is marked by reduced fluid volume for gestational age. This study aims to assess its risk factors and clinical outcomes to enhance maternal and neonatal care in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of risk factors and clinical outcomes in pregnancies with oligohydramnios at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at BSMMU, Dhaka, from June 1, 2016, to May 31, 2017, enrolling 200 pregnant women with oligohydramnios. Data on antenatal and postnatal histories, clinical examinations, and investigations were collected. SPSS version 22.0 was used for descriptive analysis of demographics, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and risk factors. Result: In a study of 200 pregnant women with oligohydramnios, the mean age was 23.9 years, with 65.5% aged 20-25. The most common risk factor was idiopathic oligohydramnios at 24.0%. Maternal outcomes revealed 58.0% had normal vaginal deliveries and 42.0% cesarean sections, primarily due to fetal distress. Among neonates, 54.5% were appropriate for gestational age, 70.9% had low birth weight, and 65.4% had APGAR scores below 7 at 1 minute. Conclusion: Oligohydramnios is a prevalent complication in pregnancies that requires vigilant monitoring and timely interventions to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes, given its association with low birth weight and increased cesarean delivery rates.

The drinking water (potable water) is that water which is safe for human consumption .The analysis of drinking water determines the identification of bacteria and the effect of some other metals on them. The work was carried out in Sri Ganganagar zone. The samples were collected from 15 to 35 km. area of Sri Ganganagar,Rajasthan. The work was completed in the department of microbiology of Tantia University, Sri Ganganagar. Isolation and cultivation of Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) was done by using varies isolation techniques like serial dilution method, spreading etc. and applied different media like nutrient agar, Eosin Methylene Blue , MacConkey agar and special media and various biochemical reactions. Therefore, S.aureus and E.coli strains were selected for this antibacterial study. Both gram positive and gram negative microorganisms were used for the test and Al, Zn, Mn, and Fe metals were selected for study of antimicrobial effects. Prepared the cultured plate of E.coli and S.aureus and add the metals in the middle of the Petri plate and after overnight incubation obsevered the effect of metals. The result shown that Mn has no antimicrobial effect but Al, Fe and Zn has antimicrobial properties. Fe shown strong effect as compared to Al and Zn. The object of this study to investigate the antimicrobial effect of metals such as Mn, Al, Zn and Fe on drinking water bacteria such as E.coli and S.aureus. Antimicrobial properties of metals will be use for purification of drinking water and remove the bacterial contamination from the drinking water with the help of metals.

Introduction: PCOS is a common condition that increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) due to insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between PCOS and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and the development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in pregnancy. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2015 to May 2016. It involved 100 pregnant women, 50 with PCOS and 50 without, who underwent fasting glucose, 2-hour OGTT, and HOMA-IR tests. Data on gestational diabetes and pregnancy complications were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Result: The study revealed that the PCOS group was older (29.4 ± 4.1 years) compared to the Non-PCOS group (27.2 ± 5.0 years), with a higher incidence of GDM (26.00% vs. 10.00%). Pregnancy complications like preterm birth were more common in the Non-PCOS group (24.00%), while GDM occurred more often in the PCOS group (26.00%). Additionally, the PCOS group had higher fasting and 2-hour OGTT glucose levels and showed greater insulin resistance (3.5 ± 1.2 vs. 2.3 ± 0.9). Conclusion: This study confirms that women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and exhibit impaired glucose metabolism, underscoring the importance of close monitoring during pregnancy.

Many studies have proven an inverse correlation between HDL rate and the risk of evolving toward an ischemic heart disease. This study’s goal is to spot patients with significantly low HDL to attempt finding new eventual elements characterizing this kind of situation, or at least, affirm the stability of those already acquired. It is a transversal study conducted in the biochemistry and toxicology department at the moulay Ismail Military hospital in Meknes over a one year period (June 2014 – June 2015). The retained patients were ones with an HDL lower than 0.20 g/l. Their medical files were taken from the appropriate services to collect on a record operating the interesting data for the study. 50 patients were taken in. Their average age was 51, 7 year old and the sex ration M/W was 1.4. The infections disease followed half of the cases, malaria being the majority with 32% of cases infections. 28% of cases were patients with cancer, 10% patients with diabetes. 6% were psychiatric diseases and 6% were malnutrition associated with inflammation cases. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated to hypoHDLemia in 46% of cases. HypoHDLemia can be transitory with acute infections and disappear along with it. Nevertheless, it can persist with chronical infections such as viral hepatitis, cancer, diabetes and psychiatric diseases, hence the value of a regular control of the lipid profile.

Background: Missing teeth can significantly affect the intercuspal position (ICP) and contribute to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, which in turn impact the overall masticatory function and oral health. This study investigates the effect of missing teeth on ICP and TMJ symptoms and evaluates the outcomes of prosthodontic rehabilitation. Methods: A total of 120 participants with varying patterns of tooth loss were enrolled in the study, which took place from January to December 2016 in the Department of Prosthodontics at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Beau-Dent, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: The study included 69 males (57.5%) and 51 females (42.5%) with a mean age range of 36–50 years (40.8%). The results showed that the shift in ICP was most prominent in participants with posterior tooth loss (80%), followed by mixed tooth loss (85.7%) and anterior tooth loss (71.4%). TMJ symptoms were common, with clicking reported by 41.7% of participants, pain by 29.2%, and restricted movement by 16.7%. After prosthodontic rehabilitation, significant improvements were observed in several measures: occlusal contacts increased from 4.5 ± 1.8 to 7.8 ± 2.1 (p < 0.001), bite force improved from 150 ± 30 N to 320 ± 45 N (p < 0.001), and TMJ symptom severity decreased from 3.8 ± 1.2 to 1.2 ± 0.8 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Missing teeth have a significant impact on intercuspal position and contribute to TMJ symptoms. Prosthodontic rehabilitation effectively restores ICP, improves bite force, and reduces TMJ symptoms.

Abstract: It is always important to determine the distribution of insurance claims in order to estimate future expected values. This study seeks to determine the appropriate best fit model using sample data from Dormaa Health Insurance Directorate. Sample data collected from Dormaa Presbyterian Hospital of the Dormaa Municipal Health Insurance Scheme was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), Excel spreadsheet, and Easy fit. It was found that the appropriate best fit model for the sample claims of the Dormaa Presbyterian Hospital follows lognormal distribution.

Abstract: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a very common operation done on obese patients who hope to reduce their weight and cure metabolic syndrome illnesses such as diabetes mellitus type 2 and dyslipidemia. This technique is being widely used for treatment of diabetes. The effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in curing diabetes mellitus was studied on Arab population. We assessed 400 obese patients who underwent laprascopic sleeve gastrectomy from 2011 to 2017 in King Fahd General Hospital in Jeddah, KSA. Out of the 400 patients 93 had diabetes mellitus type 2, which were included in this study. All patients showed an improvement in their body weight, body mass index and fasting blood glucose, however a few patients still showed elevated blood glucose levels after their operations. Based on our results we can conclude that laparascopic sleeve gastrectomy was effective in improving the conditions associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 among local population.

Abstract: Almost every verbal component can be converted to a visual one. This conversion emerges when meaning is produced by structural use of the material. In this paper there are two example which are designed by Nazmiye Ozturk. One of them is “Inflection and Surflexion”. The second one is “Equal Combinations and Structural Continuity”. Inflection, and Equal Combinations, which are constitutive concepts in Robert Venturi’s book “Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture”, are transformed into two design experiments.

Shariah Supervisors plays a significant role in the Islamic banking system, and it has a significant impact on their performance as well as stability. The study focused on the banking system and on the Shariah Supervisors as a significant element of it. The study aims at showing the impact of the Shariah Supervisors on the Islamic bank stability. It also exposes the significance to be Independent department in the completion of its decisions. The study concluded that Shariah Supervisors Interview and their responds are significant in the Islamic credit card, compliance of Shari‟ah requirement. The interfering of decision-making and as well as Supervisors are adversely affect for the Islamic credit card in Malaysia.

Abstract: FDI is considered to be an essential catalyst for trade liberalization and economic growth in both developing as well as developed countries. From the past several-decades countries around the world are struggling to attract foreign investors for filling their capital, skills and technological gaps and consequently FDI had grown at least twice as rapidly as trade This study is an attempt to thoroughly analyze these two crucial modes of resource and knowledge diffusion for Pakistan by empirical analysis of foreign trade and FDI from 1980-2016. ARDL approach is utilized for the statistical analysis with support of various techniques applied to FDI in Pakistan being dependent variables in econometric models. The empirical results of this study shows the positive and significant effect of foreign trade in FDI of Pakistan, coinciding with theory, supported by both sign of the coefficient and probability value.

Nigerian economy is largely dominated by a single commodity called crude oil or simply, oil. The management of revenues from this single commoditydriven oil sector has proven ineffective in driving the economy to the required level of development. As a result, the non-oil sector of the economy has been relegated to the background. This scenario, no doubt, indicates serious negative implications on the nation‟s development equation after five decades of oil exploration activities in Nigeria. The problems inherent in this dominating single commodity are that it is not only subject to international price shocks and unfavourable quota arrangement but also depletion. The predicted rate of depletion of the oil reserve has cast doubt on the sustained development of the oil sector. Available statistics show that a good percentage of Nigerians live in abject poverty, unemployment is double-digit and productivity is at its lowest ebb. The economic development periscope of Nigeria has turned towards the non-oil sectors and the promotion of diversification. Diversification does not occur in a vacuum. The paper is purely based on literature from secondary sources, mostly review of available reports, studies and conference presentations, and also conceptual issues. The objective of this paper therefore is to seek possible ways of diversifying the productive base of Nigerian economy in order to achieve sustainable development. It zeros in on „agriculture‟, „infrastructure‟ and „human capital development‟ as options for sustainable development in Nigeria.