The widespread use of E-commerce in the world is a new revolution in international trade. But it is regarded as a double-edged sword for the international trade. Some figure that E-commerce has a positive impetus for the development of international trade. The rest holds the view that E-commerce has worsened the trade conditions, especially, in the developing countries, like the massive tax loss. However, there are a few empirical studies on the dynamic relationship between E-commerce and international trade in the developing countries. China as a biggest developing country in the world, therefore, this paper uses the datum from 2000 to 2016 to explore the dynamic relationship between E-commerce and international trade in China via the method of combining theoretical model and empirical analysis. Preforming an empirical analysis under vector error correction model, the empirical analysis results indicate that the long-run relationship between E-commerce and international trade exists in China. More specifically, E-commerce has a positive effect on international trade.

This research is to evaluate the bureaucracy reform program at State Personnel Agency. The evaluation focused on five stages, namely design, installation, process, product and benefit. Qualitative approach used in this research with using discrepansy evaluation model design. Data collecting with in-depth interview, observation and documentation study. Interview conducted with administrator and official of State Personnel Agency as a key informant. Data analyzed quantitatively through data reduction, data display, and conclussion drawing. The evaluation results toward the bureaucratic reform program at State Personnel Agency shows: (1) the program has been well defined which is indicated by an explanation of the urgency aspect, has clear goals and objectives, and equipped with key success indicator for measures program success, (2) the program has been well designed including the formulation of implementation guidelines, resource preparation, work programs, and evaluation and monitoring, (3) implementation of eight areas of changes which cover organizational structuring, structuring of governance management system, structuring of human resources management system, harmonization of legislation, strengthening of supervision, strengthening of performance accountability, public services, mindset and work culture is good. Although generally good, but has not shown the ideal conditions if associated with position of State Personnel Agency as a pioneer and role model for the ministries or other institutions in the implementation of bureaucratic reform program, (4) the implementation of the bureaucratic reform program has given positive results in the improvement of the quality of clean bureaucracy and free of corruption, collusion and nepotism, the quality of public services, and the capacity and performance accountability, and (5) the implementation of bureaucratic reform programs can provide positive benefits in improving bureaucratic governance, enhance the positive image and improve the apparatus job performance. Therefore, State Personnel Agency needed to improve the implementation of bureaucracy reform program continuously in order to achieve the optimal results.

Kenyan SACCO segment makes up a considerable percentage of the country’s savings and this has spurred economy and social development. It has been established that internal environment has a great bearing on the performance of SACCOs. This study investigated the relationship between internal control systems and performance in SACCOs in Nyeri Central Sub-County and was guided Restitution and Internal Control Theory, Agency theory and Control theory. Internal controls were looked at from the perspective of Control Environment, control activities, Risk Assessment and Monitoring all focused on the performance which measured profitability and investment returns. The target population was 26 operating SACCOs in Nyeri Central Sub-County and the respondents was 78 employees working in this SACCOs who were categorized into the loan managers, internal auditors and financial analysts. The research was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative approaches; adopting cross-sectional survey research design. The relevant data was collected using questionnaires, out of 78 employees 68 responded representing 87.2% response rate. Collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) to generate descriptive statistics. Effects of internal controls on the financial performance of SACCOs in Nyeri central sub-county were measured using multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that internal control environment, risk assessment control and activity control had a positive and statistically significant effect on financial performance of SACCOs. Monitoring had a positive but statistically insignificant effect on financial performance of SACCOs. SACCOs should come up with policy that ensures regular and systematic review of the internal control systems and ensure that issues raised are addressed appropriately.

Comparative analysis as well as the elemental composition were carried out on oil samples obtained from three groundnut species namely; Earthnut, pygmy and pignut. .The extraction process was carriedout using soxhlet apparatus with hexane as the extraction solvent. The physicochemical characterization was carried out using standard methods in terms of Iodine value (IV), Free Fatty Acids (FFA), Saponification value and Acid Value (AV).The selected element of Na, Mg. Zn. Fe. Ca. K and p were determined by the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometer model buck VGP connected to a computer. The phosphorus content was determined using the calorimetric method. Proximate Analysis was also carriedout on the three species of ground. From the results of the analysis, Earthnut has 43.7% oil, Pygmy 45.8% and pignut 45.8%.The result of the physicochemical characterization of the oil sample showed that for earthnut the values of 43.72±0.21 IV.

It has been stated in the Constitution of India that freedom of religion is one of the fundamental rights of the people. According to secularism, every citizen of the country has a fundamental right to practice his or her religion. Though practicing a particular religion or changing to other religion is a right but it is matter of great concern that people are converting to other religion due to personal interest on other religion or to get some favour or facilities. So, religious conversion has become the subject of passionate debate in contemporary India. From the early 20th century onwards, it has surfaced again and again in the political realm, in the media and in the courts. During the last few decades the dispute has attained a new climax in the plethora of newspapers, journals, and books whose pages have been devoted to the question of conversion. The most debatable question is if a person exercises the right to conversion and changes his religion then what conflict of law situations it can create under the matrimonial law? In the present paper the author has made an attempt to focus on how the people are lured to convert to other religion especially in the District of Kandhamal of Odisha and the author has tried to justify with the help of a case study. In addition to this, the author has made an attempt to define the concept of religion, religious conversion and its impact. The author has also concentrated on the religious conversion vis-a-vis conflict of matrimonial laws in the light of decided cases. At last, suggestions are made for preventing anti-conversion and to enact a comprehensive law in this regard in India

Tabernaemontana divaricata is commonly used for the treatment of various illnesses. In the present study crude flower extracts were made using four different solvents such as water, methanol, ethanol and chloroform and were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis .Well diffusion method was used for screening of the antimicrobial activity against selected oral pathogens such as Streptococus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Results showed the presence various phytochemicals including alkaloids, tannins, reducing sugars, saponin, steroids and triterpenoids and proteins. Among these extracts, methanol extract showed significant antibacterial activity against most tested bacteria. The weakest activity was seen in the acetone extracts.

With the march of civilization, "living law" has been in continuous search for answers to the upcoming challenges. In the digital age, we are a witness to yet another technological unfurling-the technology of the Internet. The Web is a territory where caveat emptor is the rule and, as a result, consumers increasingly rely upon strong brand awareness and brand and brand performance for the confidence to engage in e-commerce. While trademarks are of greater importance in this virtual environment, they are also more vulnerable to infringement, dilution and anti-competitive practices. Trademark owners expend vast resources, engaging automated "web crawling" software and cyber surveillance firms, to monitor the billions of web pages and protect their intellectual property rights. Identity on the Internet also goes beyond the trademark system, because of the role played by the internet domain name system, which facilitates users' ability to navigate on the network. Domain names are user friendly addresses that correspond to the unique Internet Protocol numbers that connect our computers to the Internet and enable the network routing system to direct data requests to the correct addressee. Domain names were originally intended to perform a purely technical function in a user friendly way, but because they intuitive and easy to remember they now perform a function as business or personal identifiers. Most businesses, whether e-commercial or not, advertise their domain name to signal a Web presence. In this way, although, as such, not a form of intellectual property, domain names now perform an identifying functions similar to that of a trademark. Because of the way in which people and search engines operate, most businesses use their trademark or trade name as their domain name and this has caused conflict with the advent of predatory practices, known as 'cyber squatting. In this paper best effort made to limelight the trade mark issues in the cyber space and reforms yet to be in inquest.

Irrational use of Medicines is a global phenomenon. Various studies conducted in developed as well as in developing countries during past few years regarding the safe & effective use of drugs show that irrational drug use is a global phenomenon & only few prescriptions justify rational use of drugs. Rational use of medicines requires that "patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time, and at the lowest cost to them and their community".

This paper will trace the history of copyrights from the beginning of awareness to the stage of modern law and economics movements. It gives comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of copyrights as an important form of intellectual property. It explains the basic history of copyright from the printing press to the photocopying machine. It also examines the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (Trips) era in the context of the technological advances. The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is considered to be one of the most important agreements in the intellectual property protection regime. A product of the Uruguay Round that established the World Trade Organization (WTO), the TRIPS agreement helped to develop the intellectual property from the national level to the international level, and from its purely conventional intellectual property (IP) perspective that was enacted in the two previous conventions of Paris and Berne to the world trade domain. It therefor laid down the minimum standard of protection that should be maintained by the countries adhering to the agreement Here we are faced with the question core point of this paper: Is future of copyrights law will be as the context as the past? is Trips era is better than the past? Is the Trips agreements is the final improvement to intellectual property rights? How can the states parties deal with the provisions of the TRIPS? Do they adopt or adapt these provisions to their national laws? How can they strike a balance between the national interests and the international obligations dictated by the Marrakesh agreement? Here I explain relation between the national legislation and the norms of globalization triggered by the Marrakesh Agreement of 1994 which concluded the Uruguay Round

Freshwater Molluscan distribution and diversity status of Parola region, district Jalgaon, were studied during June 2015 to May 2016. The samples were collected at every month from three sites. Total 14 species were recorded throughout the year, out of which 11 species were Gastropods and 3 species were Pelecypods; which belongs to 5 orders, 9 families and 11 genera. The average numbers of animals were indicated per season: i.e. monsoon, winter and summer. Maximum species were recorded in winter season at all these three sites. Molluscan diversity were calculated by the various diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H), Simpson’s Dominance index (D), Simpson’s index of diversity (I-D), Simpson’s Evenness(E) and Pielou’s Evenness index (J).

Since the introduction of mobile phones in the late eighties, many studies have raised concerns about the possible adverse effects on health, as a result of the exposure to RF and microwave electromagnetic fields as RF-EMR can penetrate deep into organic tissues and get absorbed producing many biological effects in human body. As brain is involved in very important functions and RF-EMR might have damaging effects on its different parts, the present study was undertaken with an aim to study effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMR) emitted by mobile phones on cerebellar cortex of albino rats under light and electron microscopy and to evaluate such changes after exposure to graded dose of RF-EMR. The present study was carried out on twenty four adult albino rats of either sex weighing 180-200 grams each. The animals were divided into four groups: 1 control and 3 experimental and were exposed to RF-EMR via complete missed calls of 45 seconds duration each. Both the experimental and control groups were then sacrificed and cerebellar cortex was isolated for tissue processing. The processed tissues were then studied under light microscope (Hematoxylin & Eosin Staining) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Light microscopic findings of the present study showed that cellular size of neuronal cells in purkinje layer of cerebellar cortex of RF-EMR exposed rats decreased along with condensed cytoplasm and nucleus. Electron microscopy showed swollen and vacuolized mitochondria with disordered cristae fewer in number. The rough endoplasmic reticulum also exhibited sacculated distension. From the findings of the present study it appears pertinent that in order to protect the population living around base stations and users of mobile handsets, governments and regulatory bodies adopt safety standards, which translate to limits on exposure levels below a certain value and efforts are underway to harmonize the different standards in existence.

Aim of this study is to evaluate the relation between emotional intelligence and attitudes and behaviours of nurses who work in a mental health hospital in regard to mental illnesses and patients. This is a descriptive study. Participants are all nurses who work in Dr. Ekrem Tok Mental Health Hospital in Adana. The study sample consisted of 93 nurses who agreed and had criteria to participate in this study. Data were collected by using socio-demographic questionnaire, Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and Opinions about Mental Illness Scale. Data were analysed using SPSS package programme, Pearson corelation test and t-test. The avarage age of individuals participating in the study is 39,44±7,73. Avarage working period of participated nurses in this hospital is 8,43±6,56. The mean score of Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale is 128,05±11,60. Findings indicate a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and B factor of Opinions about Mental Illness scale. According to the findings; the nurses with high level of emotional intelligence score had higher scores for protective and humane approach. Thus, the development of positive attitudes towards people with mental illnesses can be achieved based on this finding. Therefore, we can recommend training program in order to increase emotional intelligence for nurses.

The purpose of the research is to analyze the effect of internal factors and external factors on the organizational performance in policy making and regulation drafting. The research is a quantitative descriptive study, using primary data sources derived from questionnaires distributed in the organizational scope and secondary data obtained from organizational performance report. The sample used is 61 of the population of 74. The method of data analysis using the test of validity, reliability and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that internal factors and external factors have a significant positive effect on the performance of policy making and regulation drafting. Internal factor is the most influential variable to the performance. Where the internal factors partially affect the organizational performance of 69.4%, where if the internal factor increases one unit, the performance of the organization will increase by 0.387. While external factor have influence equal to 6,9%,, if the external factor increase one unit, the organizational performance will increase equal to 0,193.

Microalgae represent the main source of biomass production in an aquatic ecosystem which also possess system for generation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Marine water receives increased number of anthropogenic chemicals from point and non-point sources. ROS concentration is dynamic in nature, that enhanced by the chemical sources in the marine environment and later it induces the oxidative stress in the marine organisms such as microalgae. In order to understand ROS changes with respect to seasonal fluctuation of marine pollutants and their impact on microalgal communities, two regions of Southeast coast of India were selected i.e., Tuticorin – a pollution impact site and Rameshwaram – the reference site. In this study microalgae distribution during three seasons i.e., summer, monsoon and winter were analysed. Quantification of physiochemical and heavy metal ions were analysed. ROS such as superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals were measured using Electron Spin Resonance. Species richness, dominance and cell density of microalgae were calculated. All season data analysis showed significant reduction of species distribution and diversity in both sites. The species richness i.e Shannon- wiener diversity was high in the reference site, where as the dominance simpson diversity was high in impact size showed that the pollutants decreased the richness increase the dominance of some microalgal species. Correlation between the chemical parameter and microalgal distribution showed that the physiochemical parameters like Alkalinity, Phosphorus, Nitrogen compounds, BOD, DO were determined the microalgal density, species richness and dominance in both sites. Dynamic changes of heavy metals ions such as Hg, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn and Al with the other marine in an chemicals impact site during different season’s sites enhance the ROS production. It was found that the micro algal communities were highly affected by chemicals in polluted marine water and that could enhance the oxidative stress.

Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary malignant bone tumor in both children and adults, is characterized by the development of bone or osteoid substance by the tumor cells [1]. Despite of Surgical treatments and combinational chemotherapy, long term survival remains unsatisfactory because of delay in diagnosis, distant metastasis and chemoresistence. Thus, in recent years, it has become one of the most promising fields to investigate molecular mechanisms contributing to osteosarcoma carcinogenesis and progression. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict the evolution of osteosarcoma including survivin, ErbB2, Ki67 antigen, alpha V integrins, Tumor Endothelial Marker (TEM7), IGF1, Leptin, micro RNA. Recent advances in expression biology have shifted in identifying and developing specific and sensitive biomarkers such as micro RNAs. Circulating micro RNA is emerging as promising noninvasive biomarkers for human cancers. In this review,we provide a perspective on emerging concepts and potential usefulness of microRNA as diagnostic, prognostic markers in OS and involvement of specific microRNA in OS metastasis. We tried to discuss the genetic mechanisms and molecular pathways involved by aberrant microRNA in OS. MiRNA-directed gene regulation will pave the way for improving traditional gene therapy approaches in many cancers. Moreover, since therapeutic targeting of miRNAs promises to improve the clinical management of patients with OS.