Abstract: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the most common but a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The present study was done to identify the possible risk factors for the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This hospital based case-control study was done on 250 normotensive and 250 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were included after obtaining informed consent. Data were collected on socio-demographic profile, obstetric history, history of hypertension in previous pregnancy, family history, pre pregnancy weight, height and BMI. Data were entered in the MS Excel sheet and statistically analysed. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to calculate impact of different variables on the risk of presenting hypertension. The occurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was found significantly higher in the age group ≥30 years, nulliparity or Primipara, family history of hypertension and history of hypertension in previous pregnancy. Women with history of stillbirth were 5 times more at risk of having hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. No statistically significant relationship was found between hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with educational status, religion, residence and socioeconomic status, gravidity and history of abortion. Identifications of risk factors for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy will help in planning treatment of hypertension and preventing complications through regular antenatal check-up.

Wounds are a significant cause of morbidity worldwide, studies show that for every million wound patients, at least 10.000 die from microbial infections. The skin is a vital organ that serves as a protective barrier between the human bodies on its external environment. Staphylococcus aureus has been known as a cause of deepseated wound infection for close to a century, having recognized as a cause of nosocomial infection and super infection in patients receiving antimicrobial agent such as surgical cases. MRSA colonizing the anterior nares and skin of human are the major sources of surgical site infection as well as nosocomial spread. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are bacteria resistant to penicillin and cephalosporin classes of antibiotics and are often resistant to many other classes of antibiotics. Importance of S. aureus as persistent nosocomial and community acquired pathogen has become a global health concern. The aim of this study to determine the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S.aureus isolated from wound infected patient attending Wad Madani Teaching Hospitals. Two hundred samples collected from patients with infected wound at the period from April to July 2016. Out of 200 samples examined, 60 (30%) isolates of S. aureus obtained, 116 (58%) other bacterial species and 24 (12%) samples showed no growth. The highest isolation rate of S. aureus 60% occurred among age group (41-60) and according to gender 32 (53.3%) S. aureus isolated from male and 28 (46.7%) from female. The overall profile of susceptibility pattern showed that vancomycin and linezolid were more sensitive (100%), amoxicillin and penicillin were the least sensitive (10%) and (36%) respectively. The result of the study showed that frequency of S. aureus isolated from infected wounds 60 (30%) and vancomycin and linezolid are more effective in the management of S. aureus in this locality.

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic test status may be changed during follicular and late luteal phases of menstrual cycle due to fluctuations of serum estrogen and progesterone levels. Objective is to find out. Sympathetic & Parasympathetic tests between male medical students & luteal phase of menstrual cycle in female medical students. This study evaluates autonomic function tests in different phases of menstrual cycle and concludes that sympathetic activity is highest during luteal phase and lowest in the follicular phase. It is concluded that there is higher sympathetic activity in males as compared to females

Impaction of maxillary central incisors are only seldom encountered in clinical practices. Impaction of permanent anterior teeth results in both aesthetic impairment and functionally compromised occlusion. Careful planning and interdisciplinary approach are required for the successful management of impacted central incisor. The present case report highlights a case where patient reported with a missing left central incisor, at the age of 9 years and 2 months. A palpable crown prominence on labial gingival mucosa in the vestibule was suggestive of the impacted maxillary central incisor. On Cbct examination 21 was located below the nasal floor with long axis of the tooth near parallel to palatal plane. The crown of the impacted 21 faced labially at the level of middle third of the root of 11. The root formation was incomplete. The crown of the impacted teeth was exposed with the help of a diode laser under LA. A lingual button is bonded on the palatal surface of the exposed crown. PAE brackets are bonded to 12, 11 and 22 with slot alignment. E- thread is tied from the monkey loop from the attachment of exposed crown to the 0.018 special Autsralian base archwire. Traction was progressively continued till a PAE bracket could be bonded followed by a piggy back traction by 0.014 Niti. Case was finished with disimpacted 21 in alignment with the arch. Disimpaction and alignment of incisor achieved by a minimally invasive technique was successful and showed good stability.

The prevalence of nutritional deficiency especially the iron deficiency anemia is very common in pregnant females of developing countries, more so in the rural and tribal population. We in the present study tried to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in 300 females in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester attending ANC in Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital [RIMS], Adilabad. The Institutional Ethical committee permission was obtained for the study. 100 patients in each of the three trimesters were included in the study all the pregnant ladies were healthy without any significant medical disorders. The blood samples were collected from the peripheral vein in 5ml vacutainer and send to the Department of Pathology for examination. The Department of Pathology, RIMS Adilabad uses 5 part hematology cell counter (Sysmex Xn 1000 manufactured by Sysmex India Pvt. Ltd Mumbai) to obtain all the hematological parameters. The mean levels of hemoglobin in n=100 patients of 1 trimester were 8.38 ± 1.5 gm/dl, the mean levels of Hb in n =100 patients of 2nd trimester was 8.34 ± 1.24 similarly the mean Hb levels of n=100 patients in the third trimester was 7.75 ± 1.02. The hemoglobin levels of 10.0 – 10.9 gm/dl was classified as mild anemia in our study 10.83% of pregnant ladies had mild anemia. Between 7.0 – 10.0 it was classified as moderate 76.67% of pregnant ladies had moderate anemia, < 7.0 gm/dl was classified as severe 12.5% had severe anemia and < 4.0 gm/dl was classified as very severe (decompensated) anemia no case of very severe anemia was present in this study. The presence of nutritional deficiency anemia is very common in the tribal pregnant females of Adilabad. Although all the pregnant females receive duly the dose of iron and folic acid supplementations during the Antenatal care there needs to be good nutritional supplementation provided to reduce the burden of anemia in the pregnant females of this area.

The study of Sino-African cooperation is evolving as a very significant area of research. So far, students, scholars, diplomats, journalists and other observers have produced an avalanche of works on the subject, each focusing on an aspect or aspects of the theme, from different perspectives. These differing views and perspectives convey opinions that converge and or diverge in substance and analysis, even as they enrich (and sometimes confuse) our understanding of the evolving cross continental reality. In view of this, this paper studies the theme of Sino-African cooperation with a specific focus on analyzing the issues/opinions that exist along three different schools of thought. The paper defines the perceptions vis-à-vis the underlying factors that drive their expressions, and submits that interests and changing international circumstances form the foundation upon which not only perceptions are made, but how responses are constructed.

There are limited study of the risk factors and clinical characteristics of patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI) at a young age in India. To study clinical profile of young patient with MI in India. The young MI patients were more likely to be male (80%), with high BMI (31 kg/m2), with a family history of premature coronary artery disease (49%) and to be current smokers (57.1%). 36% patients had none or only one traditional risk factor for MI. Male gender, Smoking, obesity and a family history of premature coronary artery disease being particularly prevalent in young MI patients

The article has focused on clarifying the concept of accountability, the head and accountability of the head of the state administrative agency, indicating the factors constituting the accountability of the head of the state administrative agency, things to do with good results and things not to do; Obligations, rights and accountability taking of the heads of state administrative agencies in complying with the law and serving the people; In planning, making decisions and directing activities of the agency, organizing the performance of functions and duties assigned by the State and the people; pointing out the characteristics of accountability of the head of the state administrative agency in order to understand, regulate and unanimously perform the accountability of the head of the state administrative agency in Vietnam.

Fatty liver disease in absence of alcohol abuse is now emerging as a major health burden in the world. It represents the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, a variably defined aggregate of disorders related to obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and hyperlipdemia. To study the various anthropometric parameters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients. The present study was conducted in the Department of Medicine on 65 patients with ultra-sonographic finding of fatty liver disease with no history of alcohol. Various anthropometric measurements like neck circumference, height, weight, waist to hip ratio, BMI were measured and recorded. For analysis, statistical software SPSS latest Version 20.0 was used. The results were analysed using the appropriate statistics. In our study we found that 45 patients ie 69% are obese and maximum number of the patients ie 95% males and 100% females have their waist hip ratio above the cut off value and 64% male and 98% female have neck circumference more than the cut off value . The study concludes obesity, neck circumference and waist: hip ratio was associated with NAFLD in our study

The peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheter is the most used vascular access device for administration of medications in hospitalized neonates. To evaluate the impact of an educational program for nurses on assessment, management, and prevention of peripheral intravenous complication in neonatal intensive care unit. A quasi-experimental research design was used in the current study. The study sample consisted of a convenience sample including all available nurses (88) at University Hospital, General Hospital and Health Insurance Hospital at Beni-Suef. Two self-administered tools for nurses; part I, socio-demographic data for nurses, part II, nurses’ knowledge regarding IV fluid and part III, nurses` knowledge regarding IV complications and neonate's needs of management and observational checklist for nursing practice about IV infiltration or extravasation in neonates. The findings revealed that there was a highly significant difference in the pre and post-intervention program and their knowledge and practice, the study stated that there was an improvement in their knowledge and practice towards prevention and management IV complications. Educational intervention had a significant role in increasing knowledge and practice of universal precautions among nurses. It is recommended to exert more efforts in developing and applying similar educational endeavors for nurses in NICUs these educational initiatives need to be boosted periodically to ensure sustainability of their positive effects on knowledge and practice

A novel therapeutic use of Ethosuximide has come to light with the findings of powerful analgesic effects in experimental models as well as in humans.The analgesic effects of Ethosuximide were explored in various nociceptive models. Following intraperitoneal administration, ethosuximide dose-dependently reversed chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathic pain and capsaicin-induced mechanical Allodynia, and produced antinociceptive effects in the rat-tail flick reflex test in male rats. Analgesia Produced by Ethosuximide is as good as that Produced by Gabapentin in Acute Pain models. Analgesia produced by extract of Ocimum sanctum is as good as that Produced by Ethosuximide, when compared with these drugs individually in acute pain models. In Neuropathic Pain induced by Ethosuximide Produces Significant Analgesia in Thermal Hyperalgesia Models and significantly reduces Cold Allodynia. The Ethosuximide in neuropathic pain relievers Thermal Hyperalgesia as well as cold Allodynia.

GV Black proposed a classification for recording caries which served the purpose efficiently for almost 100 years. Owing to its inbuilt shortcomings and current knowledge on cariology and induction of modern technology and restorative materials, Black‘s philosophy has been rendered despondently ineffective. Though various more comprehensive classifications and caries management systems have been evolved but Black‘s classification remains popular tool for recording of caries worldwide. The similar situation is found among dental professionals in Pakistan. This study was planned with the objective to know the reason for not using other classification systems and awareness about the existence of newer systems among Operative Dentistry / cariology specialists or teachers. A content validated close-ended questionnaire was used as a tool for this survey based study. The questionnaire based on two-point Likert scale with options of ―Yes ―and ‗No‖ comprising of ten simple queries regarding Black‘s caries classification was sent personally to all those who showed willingness to participate in the study and was recollected within 15 days. 85% of the participant agreed that Black‘s classification focuses on treating dental cavities and not the carious process itself and 95% were aware of existence of more conservative modes of caries classification. Majority confirmed that Black‘s classification isn‘t compatible with minimal interventional approach to dental treatment. Even then, this is the chief classification that is followed in dental schools in Pakistan. Black‘s classification isn‘t well-suited for existing philosophy for caries management and dental profession should switch over to already existing more compatible classification.

The fundamentalists often perceive that Islam and its principles are a hindrance to innovation. Relevant, extensive research proved otherwise. For example, a comparison of research on innovation in the Islamic and non-Islamic perspective was made, which verified that Islam does promote innovation. As this is a content analysis paper, it is important to acknowledge that there are five types of innovation in Islamic banking. They are Islamic financial product innovation, Islamic bank process innovation, Islamic bank marketing innovation, innovation and risk management in Islamic finance, and Islamic work value and innovation. After comparing with research on innovation in the non-Islamic perspective, it was found that there is still a lack of protection for the innovation and the Islamic perspective also lack measures for the innovation.

Automatic building change detection required for metropolitan and urban planning , industrial city planning, road and highway planning, unauthorized construction detecting, stopping any new construction on risky or highly dense areas, planning for homeland security etc. This research proposal aims for automatic building change detection and 3D map generation using multispectral imagery and 3- dimentional height data. The goal for this research proposal is to detect building changes with precise geometric accuracy and use the detected building changes data to generate 3D building map. High resolution aerial and satellite imagery and highly dense height data from LIDAR can detect building change and can generate an accurate up-to-date 3D building map.

A zero coronary calcium score was obtained in out study in 28.33 % participants of which only 4 (13.35% of cases) patients who developed ACS had a zero CACS, while 13 (43.3% of controls ) people among control had a zero CACS. In this study, we analysed the distribution of Coronary artery calcium scores in patients of ACS who do not have traditional risk factors namely obesity, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension was significantly different as compared to asymptomatic people without CAD and having none of above mentioned risk factors. Even though there were no traditional risk factors coronary calcium scores were significantly higher in patients who developed ACS as compared to controls