The concept of sexuality education has been a topical issue and its inclusion in the school curriculum has generated and is still generating a lot of interest in Nigeria. The controversy around sexuality education stems from the fact that most people do not have an accurate understanding of what sexuality education is all about and the benefits that could be derived from it. Sexuality education is an education and moral process designed to assist young people in their physical, social, emotional and moral development as they prepare for adulthood, marriage, parenthood and ageing, as well as their social relationship in the socio- cultural context of family and society. Functional education, a major factor in the development process, to be relevant, must help appropriately an individual to understand his/her own culture and integrate into the other cultures, foreign or local, for the proper enhancement of his/her ways of life. The objective of sexuality education is to promote the proper development of personality, sexual well-being and quality of life of the population as a whole and thus implies that its contents cover all aspects of life in society, namely economic, political, social, legal, health, cultural and spiritual, making sure that both individual and collective interests work in harmony for the goodness of individuals and the society as a whole.

Poor response of fungal nail infection to topical treatment with antimycosis is probably related to poor drug permeation into the infected nail. Niosomes are the nano carriers which play an increasingly important role in drug delivery as they can reduce toxicity and modify pharmacokinetics and bio availability. Oxiconazole nitrate is a potent antifungal drug used in the treatment of fungal infections. The aim was to develop Oxiconazole nitrate Noisome using thin film hydration method and optimized for molar quantities of span 60 and cholesterol to impart desirable characteristics. And the formulation was evaluated for entrapment efficiency and invitro drug release. The entrapment efficiency was found in the range of 76.05-94.64%and invitro drug release in the range of 49.03-67.26%. Oxiconazole Nitrate Noisome formulated with span 60 and cholesterol in the ratio of 1.5:0.2 were found to be promising and were incoparated into 1% carbapol gel. The formulated gel was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and antifungal activity. The invitro drug release study was carried out using phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 and was found to be 67.95% in 6 hours. Gel formulation containing Noisome loaded with oxiconazole showed prolonged action than the non niosomal form and it can be developed successfully to improve antifungal activity.

Garment factories in India is the second largest sector for employment, approximately 60% of the population employed in the garment industry are women. Menstrual cycle is a physiological phenomenon during reproductive life of women. Its phases are influenced by alteration in the concentration of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Fluctuating levels of sex steroids across normal menstrual cycle affect sensory- motor association of an individual. So this study was done to assess the muscle performance capability in terms of hand grip strength (strength of upper limb muscles) as Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) and time for fatigue at 30% of MVC during Menstrual, Proliferative and Secretory Phase of menstrual cycle among 54 garment workers. Maximum voluntary contraction was higher during secretory phase than proliferative and menstrual phase. And time to fatigue at 30% MVC was also found to be higher during secretory and proliferative phase compared to menstrual phase. Overall muscle performance capability was found to be better during secretory phase of menstrual cycle, may be due to increased blood flow to the muscle and glycogen storage under the influence of estrogen and progesterone. Estimation of female sex hormones during different phases and its correlation to muscle performance may reveal more facts.

Despite the availability of efficacious anti-obesity drugs (AOD), very few doctors are prescribing them to the patients. To assess the anti-obesity drug (AOD) prescription pattern in obese patients. Ninety four obese patients were studied at Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, L N Medical College and research Center Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh from March 2017 to February 2018. Data analysis was done using SPSS ver 20 software. During this study 47% were prescribed metformin, 59% orlistat and 5% both drugs. Orlistat was largely prescribed independently [40 out of 50 prescriptions, 90%) and metforminon specialist recommendation (10 out of 40, 27%). Orlistat was largely prescribed in those over 16 years of age without physical comorbidities. Metformin was initiated for treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (70%), insulin resistance (25%) and impaired glucose-control (9%). Orlistat was the most common AOD prescribed in obese patients.

Parental participation is one of the cornerstones of pediatric practice. Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) is the major referral hospital in Malawi and caregivers stay with their children in the hospital and participate in the care. However, little was known about the perception of these caregivers regarding their participation in care of their hospitalised children. The aim of the study was to explore caregivers’ perceptions regarding parental participation in the care of their hospitalised child. A descriptive qualitative study was done using semi structured interview guide to collect data from 20 caregivers in the pediatric department. Thematic analysis was done guided by Collaizzi method. Seven main themes emerged from the data and these were lack of role negotiation by health care workers, inadequate role preparation for caregivers, perception of caregivers on care they provided to their hospitalised children, poor HCWs- caregivers’ communication, benefits of caregivers’ participation in care of hospitalised children, needs of caregivers participating in care of hospitalised children and overall impression of caregiver’s participation. The study findings showed that caregivers view their participation in the care of hospitalised children as appropriate, important and satisfying. However, gaps exist in the way caregivers participate in the care of their hospitalised children due to inadequate role negotiation, role preparation for caregivers and inadequate information for caregivers. The researcher recommends that management should develop protocols and guidelines for the implementation of parental participation in care of hospitalised children to promote best practices.

Automated counts are being widely accepted in diagnostic field due to various advantages. Despite the sophistication of present day instruments there is still need to depend on manual techniques for primary calibration especially in case of platelet count. Automated analyzer had pitfalls due to mimickers of platelet like particles which validated the manual count in peripheral smear regarding platelet count by leishman’s stain. A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital for 3 months. It includes 1200 venous samples with EDTA as the anticoagulant in vacutainers. Among the routine 100 to 120 samples/day, with platelets < 1,00,000 lakhs /cumm of 500 samples were subjected for study. Samples were processed by Symex 5000 autoanalyzer and compared with manual platelet count by leishman’s stain. About 500 samples with platelets < 100,000 lakh/cu.mm were taken for study. In 384/500(76.8 %)haematology analyzed correlated with peripheral smear review. About 116(23%) were not correlating with peripheral smear findings because it revealed RBC’s and large platelets in peripheral smear. Our study concludes there was significant correlation between automated and manual counts. But this was not applicable for very high or low platelet counts.As platelet count estimation is very important element of the diagnostic and treatment disorder.Peripheral smear examination along with automated analyzer valid in case of high or low value platelet counts.

The healthcare service area while providing services, curative, primitive or preventive inevitably create waste which itself may be harmful to health. It carries a higher latent for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health penalties and a significant impact on the environment (Suwarna Madhukumar April 2012)... Insufficient and inappropriate knowledge of waste and handling of waste may have serious health complications. To determine awareness of infectious waste management among staff nurses and describes their level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards infectious waste management. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to observe the knowledge, attitude and practice of staff nurses. A cross-sectional is that study that collects information from a population at specific time of period (Lisa B 2014). Data was collected from 50 nursing staff through convenient sampling techniques. Those who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study and those who don't meet the criteria were not being the part of the study. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 16. Results suggests that there was unsatisfactory knowledge among nursing staff of mayo hospital Lahore.50% of the study participants had knowledge about infectious waste management , other 50% had poor knowledge regarding waste management techniques and procedures. Red container is used for cytotoxic items. Out of 50, only twenty six (52%) study subjects answered full destruction of all cytotoxic substances require incineration at high temp up to 1200 degree centigrade.30%subjects did not comment. Participants had poor practice related to sharp items wasted only 19% participants knows yellow puncture proof container is used for sharp items. Forty two (84%) Nurses were aware about containers should be filled three quarters full and then disposed. Only 8%nurses knows Hepatitis B is greatest risk from infectious hazard.54%nurses assume that Hepatitis C is greatest risk. The attitude of the study subjects toward awareness of waste management, separation of infectious and noninfectious waste, proper disposal and implementation of rules was positive. According to my results nursing staff had poor knowledge so that their practice was also poor and unsatisfactory .they all need regular training and monitoring.

Implementation of totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) is associated with several complications that can be divided into early complications and late complications. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the different complications related to TIVADs in a single center in Morocco. Our study is based on a prospective analysis, which took place over a period between September 2015 and March 2016 in oncology department of the Avicenne military hospital in Marrakech, in collaboration with thoracic surgery department and vascular surgery department. 36 patients benefited from the placement of TIVADs, with 18 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 55.5 years (from 22 to 71 years). The type of anesthesia was local anesthesia (LA) in 97% of cases with 3% of cases requiring a slight associated sedation. The preferred route was a percutaneous approach. The surgical approach by surgical dissection of the cephalic vein was used only in 2 patients, in 6% of cases after failure of the percutaneous route. The most used vein in our series was the right subclavian vein (RSCV) in 69% of cases, followed by the left internal jugular vein (LIJV) which presents 14% of patients. All patients received a control x-ray after procedure. 50% of the indications were for breast cancers and digestive cancers. Intervention was difficult in 11% of cases. In our series 3 patients who presented complications: 1 case of pneumothorax (3%), 1 case of thrombophlebitis (3%) and 1 case of costo-clavicular clamp syndrome (3%). Elimination of risk factors such as the choice of a technique, the handling of CCI, the use of echo-guidance, aseptic measures can reduce certain complications and their early and adequate management.

This research aimed to investigate students’ Physics achievement through implementing STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) derived from cooperative learning with animation as media. The population of the research was grade XII students of senior high school MAS TPI Rambung Sialang, North Sumatera Indonesia, then two classes were chosen as sample of the research in which there were 30 students for each of class. To meet the objectives of the research, quantitative research method with experimental research design was conducted, then, the instrument of the research was comprehensive multiple choice with 20 questions formulated. Through Lilefors test with L0< L = 0.1384 < 0.1610, it showed that all the data were distributed normally, then, all the data were distributed homogenously as well with Fobserved<Ftable(1.191< 1,858). Morever, based on data analysis it was found that the average score of experimental class I taught by implementing STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) with animation as media was higher with ̅ = 14.9 than experimental class II taught by conventional model with ̅ = 12.5. Furthermore ttest was used to analyzed the data found with tobserved> ttable (2.654>1.671) that showed that there was a significant effect on students’ Physics achievement taught by implementing STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) with animation. Based on data analysis, it could be inferred that students defintely enjoy studying in group discussion that was organized by the teacher in which the members of group consisted of student with different intelligence level so that there would be an interaction among students accross capabilities level. The students with higher intelligence were expected to assist the students with lower intelligence, then students with higher intelligence that were recognized as an expert representative from each group would have a great an opportunity to share the discussion result with other groups. Besides, the use of animation as media brought up functionally and lively understandable objects, concepts, and formulas. Hence, all the abstract concepts seemed to be effortlessly more concrete for the students

The study undertaken the assessment of awareness and specific knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness of breast cancer and perceived benefits of screening for early detection and treatment of women in a differ community. The study also measured screening behavior among the participants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and perception of Saudi Arabia and Sudanese people towards breast cancer prevention and early detection. In this comparative, cross sectional study, data about breast cancer were obtained from 1000 participants: 500 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia and 500 Sudanese volunteers living in Khartoum city. The level of individual's knowledge about breast cancer was assessed, the majority of the study subjects were found with moderate knowledge followed by good, Excellent, poor and no knowledge representing 432(43.3%), 332(33.3%), 116(11.6%), 107(10.7%) and 10(1%), respectively. For Saudi, most of them were found with moderate knowledge followed by excellent, good, none and poor knowledge constituting 66(27.2%), 112(46.2%), 32(13.2%), 29(11.9%) and 3(1.2%), respectively. For Sudanese, most of them were found with moderate knowledge followed by Excellent, good, none and poor knowledge constituting 266(35.2%), 320(42.3%), 84(11.1%), 78(10.3%) and 7(0.9%), respectively. The overall knowledge of the studied population about breast cancer prevention and early detection was relatively low. More community based health education efforts are needed to reduce the burden of breast cancer in both nations.

In January 2008, the Kenya government declared Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) in all public schools in the country as a fulfillment of Education for All (EFA) which is a global commitment and strategy to give children universal education. As a result key aspects of the Free Secondary Education on academic performance remain unknown. The study was to investigate school-community support and implementation of Free Day Secondary Education in Trans-Nzoia East sub-county, Kenya. The study answers the following questions; what is the role of principals in financial management and its influence implementation of FDSE. The study adopted Human Capital Theory based upon the work of Schultz (1971), Sakamota and Powers (1995). The study adopted the descriptive survey design and the population of the study comprised of 14 Day Schools that present candidates for Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) in Trans-Nzoia East Sub-County. The sample size consisted of Principals, Teachers and students of 14 day secondary schools drawn from the study population. Purposive sampling was used to select the principals and class Teachers, while stratified random sampling was used to select student respondents. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires, an interview schedule for SubCounty Director of Education and document analysis.

Cardiac tumors are massively uncommon disease, only seven instances of primary cardiac tumor ‎found between more than 12,000 dissections. Cardiac tumors are proliferated in the ‎heart or heart valves. Cardiac tumors may be primary (benign or malignant) or metastatic (secondary, malignant). Cardiac tumors may happen in any heart ‎tissue. ‎Primary tumorsstart ‎growing ‎ in the heart, other side the secondary tumors begin in another part of the body and ‎move to the heart (metastasize). Primary tumors influence just one out of ‎‎1,000 to 100,000 individuals. The most widely recognized sort of primary heart tumor is myxoma, the greater part of ‎these are benign‎. In most cases, the tumor develops in the left upper chamber of the heart (left ‎atrium) at the atrial septum, which isolates the two upper chambers of the heart. Successful ‎treatment for ‎benign cardiac‎ tumors is typically proficient by surgery. Primary ‎ ‎sarcomas of ‎the heart are to a great degree uncommon, while ‎secondary cardiac contribution ‎inferable from malignancy is ‎relatively common‎, particularly in the ‎setting of across the board ‎metastatic disease. ‎‎ Malignant ‎primary tumors incorporate pericardial mesothelioma, primary ‎lymphoma and sarcoma. Tumors ‎that metastasize to the heart from different organs happen ‎‎100-to 1000-cases more ‎commonly than ‎primary cardiac tumors. Metastatic spread to the ‎heart has been distinguished in ‎approximately ‎one-fifth of all patients who have metastatic ‎disease with lung carcinoma being ‎the most ‎common primary tumor.‎ Successful treatment for ‎primary malignant‎ tumors ‎ is normally ‎accomplished by ‎ Surgery, notwithstanding, ‎secondary tumors less effective as total resection ‎is ordinarily ‎not ‎possible. Primary cardiac ‎lymphoma might be effectively treated by ‎chemotherapy.

Recently, TVET has become a subject for discussion at summits, academic conferences and at policy circles in most developing countries including Kenya. TVET institutions facilitate the acquisition of the practical and applied skills as well as basic scientific knowledge. However, many research findings have revealed that TVET has been limited on practical skill acquisition in most countries. On the other hand, the partnership between TVET institutions and private sectors would greatly encourage and augment a partnership that will result to graduate employability and practical skill acquisition. Therefore, this study sought to establish the effect of PPP- TVET institutions collaboration on practical training. Multiple case-study design was adopted for the study. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were applied to select TVET and enterprise officials respectively. Questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. Data collected was analyzed using Multiple Attribute Utility Theory, (MAUT) and results presented in tabular and graphical forms. The findings indicate that the contribution of enterprise in establishment of workshops and laboratories, donation of equipment and equipment sharing was quite low (below 30%). However, the contribution of enterprise in industrial training and internship stood was excellent (100 %). Majority of the respondents believed that enterprise contribution is considerable only in the areas of industrial training and internships. Therefore, provision should be made to involve experts from local industries as guest faculty to conduct practical classes.

Indicators are used to determine the equivalence point in acid – base titrations (neutralization titrations). They show sharp color change with respect to change in pH. Popularly used indicators for neutralization titrations are synthetic chemicals. They are found to posses hazardous effects in human body. The highly colored pigments obtained from plants are found to exhibit color changes with variation in pH. A study was done to check the indicator action of aqueous extract of flower pigments and compared with that of already existing synthetic indicators. Extraction was done using hot water and a definite volume of extract was added which gave accurate and reliable results for different types of neutralization titrations - strong acid against strong base, strong acid against a weak base, weak acid against strong base and weak acid against weak base. The work proved to be acceptable in introducing flower pigments as a suitable substitute to the synthetic indicators.

This study aimed to examine the psychometric characteristics of the achievement motivation scale on a sample of the teachers of the Jordanian Ministry of Education in the Directorate of Education of Northwest Badia. The study sample consisted of 216 male and female teachers, who were randomly selected from different schools of the directorate; the achievement motivation scale used in this study consisted of three dimensions: ambition, perseverance, and the existence of an objective to be sought for. The results of the study showed that the achievement motivation scale used in this study had a reasonable degree of validity and reliability. The validity indicators were available through calculating the correlation coefficient between the scale and the criterion and it amounted to 0.57 that is statistically significant; they were also available through calculating the correlation of items with the total degree that it was acceptable and it ranged from (0.29 – 0.57) proving the internal consistency of the scale. With regards to the reliability of the scale, it was achieved by applying the Cronbach-alpha equation that it amounted to (0.85). In light of the findings, the researcher recommends applying the scale to greater samples and samples taken from different sectors in the fields of work, adding other dimensions of the scale, and exploring their psychometric characteristics and comparing them with what was achieved in this study.