Infertility has remained a major health problem among couples and sexually active individuals who seek to procreate, and the search for therapeutic solutions have remained endless. This led to the consumption of moringa oleifera as fertility aid. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of moringa oleifera seeds and leaves on pregnancy. Eighty-four (84) albino rats comparing of 56 females and 28 males, which acclimatised for two weeks and mated in ratio of 2 females to 1 male, the pregnant female rats were then divided into 7 Groups of 7; All rats were weighed on a daily basis throughout the research period. Group 1- Control (10ml/kg body weight/day of vehicle [Tween 80] orally). Groups 2-4 (Seed extract at dose level of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight/day respectively), Groups 5-7 (Seed extract at dose level of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight/day respectively). Administration was carried out throughout the gestation period. The blood samples were collected for hormonal assay and under standard aesthetic conditions. From the results it was observed that the moringa oleifera leave and seed extract caused resorption of the foetus with decrease in weight in a dose dependent manner; however, there was no disruption of the normal gestation. The levels of FSH and LH for animals treated with 400mg/kg were significantly lower than those of 200mg/kg, 100mg/kg and the control group. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of both the leaf and seed of moringa oleifera has shown abortifacient effect and therefore not advise for consumption during pregnancy.

Sacrum is a triangular bone formed by fusion of five sacral vertebrae. It is wedged between two hip bones. Its base articulates with 5th lumbar vertebra and apex with coccyx. Complete agenesis of the dorsal wall of sacrum was observed during one routine osteology tutorial. The same is presented. The sacral canal was completely open posteriorly due to non fusion of the laminae from S1 to S5. The sacral canal is formed by sacral vertebral foramina. The anterior wall of the canal is formed by fusion of the sacral vertebral bodies. The fused laminae, spines and ossified ligamenta flava form the dorsal wall. The sacral canal is triangular in cross section and contains cauda equina, filum terminale and spinal meninges. Duramater and arachnoid mater end at middle of sacrum (generally at the level of S2) while filum terminale is continuation of piamater till coccyx. Knowledge of variations in the dorsal wall of sacrum due to congenital factors is essential for anesthesiologists, surgeons and physicians to treat the related disorders. Study of the variation in anatomical features of sacral hiatus and dorsal wall of sacral canal is important with regards to its clinical application in caudal epidural anesthesia. Sacral approach to epidural space is reliable and effective means of blocking sacral nerves.

Graphene, a carbon, displays unique 2-D structures with preternatural physical, chemical and electronics properties that necessitated its applications in different fields of engineering systems. Among these applications, bioelectronics application of graphene has attracted an increasing interest over the last years. The advantages conferred by the physical, optical and electrochemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterial have contributed to the current variety of ultra-sensitive and selective biosensor and sensors devices, Nano electronics, super-capacitors, solar cells, batteries, flexible displays, hydrogen storage in electronics. This paper provides a review on graphene variant properties and their applications especially in bioelectronics

This case report concerns a patient, presented unusually with an ulcero proliferative parotid tumor; diagnosed histologically as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma. (PLGA) Its rare association with a collision tumor of squamoid sebaceous carcinoma; arising from overlying adnexal elements is previously unreported. Controversies in the histological diagnosis of this entity; particularly in relation to its prognosis are emphasized and discussed, drawing comparison of similar tumors occurring elsewhere.

Phyllanthus muellerianus is a large genus of the Euphobiaceae, is popularly known as ‘nvo nkwo’in Oghe traditional medicine. This species is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of sexually transmitted desieases. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify and spectroscopic characterize of sample GH3 from leaves of P. muellerianus. Sample GH3 from leaves of P. muellerianus was analyzed for their absorption, functional groups (CH, H, OH and NH) and 1H NMR resonance peaks (7.2 ppm and 6.7 ppm), resulting in the identification of benzopyran’s groups, suggesting 2H-1-benzopyran (chromene). The identification of benzopyran’s groups is here reported for the first time in P. muellerianus.

Bone is the host to many diseases. Diagnostic biopsies of bone lesions are generally done in two forms i.e. Percutaneous core needle biopsy or open surgical biopsy. Core needle biopsy is initial method of tissue diagnosis in bone tumours. To study the adequacy and accuracy of core needle biopsy in diagnosing bone lesions. To establish definitive diagnosis of bone pathology. The study was conducted in department of pathology, MNJ Cancer Institute and TB & Chest hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad. A total of 53 cases were analyzed prospectively for a period of two years from October 2015 to September 2017. Female to Male ratio was 1.1:1, Average age 3 to 70 years. Out of 53, 26 cases were primary malignant bone tumors, 12 were metastatic deposits, 10 were benign tumours (9 -Giant cell tumors,1- osteo chondroma) 2 were chronic osteomyelitis,3 were not adequate. In 26 cases of primary malignant tumours 10 - osteosarcoma, 6 - ewings sarcoma, 4 - chondrosarcoma, 2 - plasma cell neoplasm, 1 case was high grade NHL, 1 - chordoma, 1 synovial sarcoma,1 germ cell tumour. Adequacy rate (94.6%) in our study is in concordance with the similar study of Amit Joshi et al., (2013) where adequacy rate was 92%.present study is also in concordance with study of Logon et al with adequacy rate of 97.8%. It has demonstrated that the Core needle biopsy is a safe, easy, and effective technique for the evaluation bone tumours, with a high rate of diagnostic yield and accuracy.

Public transportation is a service provided by the government in several major cities, whose purpose is related to reducing congestion. In addition to the jammed that underlies the existence of public transportation, the people's desire to have a safe, comfortable, easy and affordable transportation mode. The aims of this research are to analyze the relationship between service quality and passenger satisfaction in BRT Semarang. Survey questionnaire was conducted from 150 passengers, to analyze and test the relationship between variables using a simple regression test with the help of SPSS 22. The results obtained explain that three of the five dimensions of service quality positively contribute to passenger satisfaction in the Semarang BRT. Thus, this means that to increase customer satisfaction, the BRT Semarang must pay more attention and increase efforts into the five dimensions of service quality, especially the weakest of tangibility and assurance

Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection with a worldwide distribution, is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This infection can lead to serious health problems when the organism is contracted congenitally or reactivated in immunosuppressed patients. This study included a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in immunocompromised patients in Turkey. Electronic English and Turkish databases [PubMed, ISI (Web of Knowledge), Google Scholar, Scopus and local databases (Turkish Citation Index and Council of Higher Education (CoHE) thesis center)] between January 2007 and January 2017 were systematically reviewed. Analyses of seroprevalence estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 34 publications, comprising 114496 individuals, were included in the meta-analysis. The most commonly used methods for screening toxoplasmosis in publications were CLIA (chemiluminescence immunoassays) in 13 studies and ELFA in 7 studies. In 4 studies, no information was available about the used serologic methods.

In this short communication, an integrated process concept for detoxification of chromium (VI) contaminated water with Polyaniline/MCC composite is proposed. The preparation of composite involved in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of MCC (a bio-based material); the industrially favorable and cost effective oxidant ammonium persulphate (APS) was used. Under the conditions studied, the preliminary results reflected that the proposed concept was quite effective in the detoxification of the model solution. It is worth expecting that the use of PANI-engineered cellulose fibers prepared using low cost oxidant may serve as an interesting alternative for industrial water treatment.

Dengue, one of the world’s major emerging tropical viral disease, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world including India. The study is undertaken to study prevalence of dengue and its corelation with various pathological parameters. 592 clinically suspected cases of dengue fever from November 2015 to July 2018 were included in the study. Blood samples for dengue serology, serum transaminases and platelet count (PC) were drawn in plain and EDTA test tubes. Dengue serology was performed by IgM MacElisa and NSI Antigen ELISA depending upon the duration of onset of fever. Platelet count was carried out on fully automated three part cell counter and serum transaminases study done on semi automated biochemistry analyser. Out of 592, 319 serum samples were tested for dengue NS1 ELISA and 54 samples were positive. 273 samples were tested for dengue IgM ELISA and 31 samples were positive. So prevalence rate of dengue was 14.36%. Majority of positive cases were males, having sex ratio of 1.93:1. Among dengue positive cases, 62.35% cases were found in 15-44 age group years. Varying degree of thrombocytopenia was seen in 87.05% positive cases. Serum transaminases level with normal acceptable range was noticed in 75.93% of dengue NS1 positives cases compare to elevate level in 77.42% of dengue IgM positive cases. The study draws attention toward the male, young adult age group. The overall significant increase in dengue IgM and dengue NS1 seropositivity among suspected cases in last few years indicates an increase in dengue virus activity. This study results indicate that dengue infection is not going to wane away but is going to stay and will play havoc if immediate control measures are not taken. The need of the hour is long-term vector control strategy; so that the outbreaks can be prevented.

The capability of the entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises can be realized because of the motivation in their work environment. To improve the capability of the entrepreneurs in small and medium business, it needs motivation by looking at physiological needs or other needs, such as safety and security needs, social needs, appreciation needs, and self-actualization needs. The existence of motivation for the entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises is the improvement to increase their business capabilities. This study aims to look for the problems that are faced by the entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises in this case is SMEs/UKM, to motivate themselves to produce quality products and to improve the capability of human resources so that they are able to survive in facing of competition. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective model to find the right solution so that the model which is used is Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and analyze the capability of the entrepreneurs in small and medium enterprises through Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy model. The results that are obtained in this study of which small and medium enterprises in Maslow’s needs hierarchy consists of physiological variables are in ‘less good’ category, security needs variables are still not fulfilled, social needs variables are in ‘less good’ category, appreciation needs variables in ‘less good’ category, self-actualization needs variables are in ‘less good’ category, and capability of small and medium enterprises variables are also in ‘less good’ category. In addition to the above variables, researchers add 2 variables, namely innovation and information technology in an effort to develop Maslow’s needs hierarchy to improve the capability of small and medium enterprises

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), transmitted through the fecal–oral route is a common cause of self-limiting acute viral hepatitis in India with poor sanitation and hygiene and poses a major public health problem in India. This study was undertaken to determine seroprevalence of HEV in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis. A retrospective study was conducted in Central Laboratory, General Hospital, Palanpur, North Gujarat from October 2016 to July 2018. A total of 164 serum samples of suspected patients of HEV were tested for IgM HEV antibody using ELISA method. Seroprevalence of HEV was 62.20%. Out of 102, 70 (68.63%) males were affected more than females (31.37%). HEV infection was more common in 16-25 years age group (38.24%) followed by 26-35 years age group(24.51%). To reduce the prevalence of HEV infection, health and civic authorities should make an effort to increase the awareness among general public, to facilitate the timely preparation and make necessary arrangement for efficient response to encounter outbreak or epidemic caused by HEV virus, thus reduce morbidity, mortality and economic burden.

Abstract: Fasting for at least eight hours prior to a lipid test has been standard practice in India and internationally for many years. However, a growing body of evidence and international expert opinion suggests that a non-fasting lipid profile can be used in most situations. Factors That Contribute to an Individual’s Usual Cholesterol Level: The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) has the following recommendations to ensure that individual lipid measurements are clinically useful. Individuals should be on their regular diet and their weight should be stable for at least 2 weeks before their lipids or lipoproteins are measured. Patient preparation and blood collection procedures should be standardized according to these guidelines: Variation in lipid values- Age and gender, Posture, Venous Occlusion, Anticoagulants. Prolonged tourniquet application (2–5 min) can increase cholesterol from 5 to 15%. Biological variation is <5% for cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol and 20 to 30% for triglycerides, Considerable variation can occur from one assay to another between clinical laboratories, For patient care, it is important to know if the LDL is calculated or is measured directly, In order to compare results from different laboratories, it is important to know which assay method is utilized, If patient is non-fasting, a direct LDL test is recommended, Sudden changes in lipid values may indicate a change in diet, medications, or onset of a new disease state. When attempting to answer whether fasting or non fasting lipids are most appropriate, it is important to first think carefully about the clinical scenario and consider what question is to be answered with the results.

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor is a rare tumor constituting 3-7% of all odontogenic tumors. It is a benign neoplasm which arises from the odontogenic epithelium. We present a case of 22 year female patient with a well defined, unilocular radiolucent lesion containing an impacted tooth seen radiographically. On microscopic examination, sections comprise of cyst wall composed of fibrous connective tissue with areas of haemorrhage. Whorls and lobules of spindle shaped cells were seen on luminal aspect with interspersed duct like structures. Based on the above histopathological features final diagnosis of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor was made. The treatment of choice is conservative surgical removal through simple curettage or enucleation. Recurrence is very rarely seen.

The different kinds of incentives (financial, moral and grant specialization to doctors) are playing a prominent role in influencing the performance of doctors in public sector in Jordan, and guide their behavior to achieve the public health sector goals. The subject of incentives has become the focus of many management scholars and researchers because of the strong correlation between incentives, job satisfaction and job performance. Several theories such as Maslow’s human needs theory , Herzberg two factors theory and other theories became the basis of many studies and researches of incentives and job satisfaction, hence the scholars and researchers were interested in studying job performance academically as a part of organization psychology, also it has become a part of human resources management This paper aims to know the relationship between incentives (financial, moral, and grant specialization to doctors) and the performance of doctors in public sector in Jordan. The study also tries to prove in literature either the job satisfaction act as a mediator variable between incentives and job performance or not