This article endeavors to find out the distribution of the university academic staff in teaching and administration by gender in order to establish how promotions to higher academic ranks and appointments to administrative responsibilities were distributed across gender in Kenyan institutions of higher learning. The theoretical framework which guided this study was based on patriarchal ideology and the implied gender-based division of labour and how it has caused women's absence at top levels of educational teaching and management. The design of the study was mainly descriptive, employing oral interviews and documentary (content) analysis. The participants were drawn from two public universities: the University of Nairobi and Kenyatta University. These two universities were purposively selected for the study. Much of the information that was elicited through the interviews was transcribed into written texts by merging the notes taken and the recordings made during the interviews into a single coherent? These data were then organized, examined for completeness and relevancy, and then analysed qualitatively. The study found out that Women not only enter into the teaching profession at the university in small numbers but they also obtain promotion much less frequently compared to their male colleagues. Even where they are found in large numbers, their proportions are much lower than those of male academics. In addition, female academics are usually clustered in the faculties of Arts, Social Sciences and in Education. The common factor among these disciplines is that they lead to careers which have traditionally been known to attract women. The findings also revealed that few women academics have administrative responsibilities. The study results show that socio-cultural values and beliefs coupled with historical factors and the university administration, among other factors, have led to gender inequalities in Kenyan public universities. These factors have also led to the marginalization of women in the family, the school and the workplace. Thus to improve the female occupational status and representation in all sectors of life, this study calls for drastic changes in the Kenyan society to deal with customs and prejudices which have existed for a long time to the detriment of women.

This study aims to evaluate the empowerment of teacher working groups (KKG) in increasing the professionalism of primary school teachers in Gorontalo District. This study uses a context, input, process and product evaluation model. This research included evaluative research using the CIPP model. The study population was 50 pengurusa and members of the KKG in Gorontalo Regency, and all of them were used as research subjects. The research data was obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study showed that context evaluation, through group empowerment, was carried out by communicating and consulting activities related to the preparation of work programs and planning programs to improve teacher professional competence. Evaluation of input, showing understanding of the objectives of the KKG activities reaching 92% and activeness of members at each KKG activity reaching 95%, work programs that become priors are activities related to learning administration, Process Evaluation, Implementation of the KKG involves the active role and support of principals, supervisors the education office provides the opportunity for teachers to take part in the KKG and gives permission to use school facilities as a means. Product Evaluation, achievement of learning administration is expected to improve to support teacher professionalism and learning effectiveness. Products produced from KKG activities are 80% the products that are produced are used to increase professionalism and improve student learning outcomes.

This research took the title of effect of anxiety and disposition on student mathematics learning achievement in medan state 28 junior high school, Indonesia. In this study, anxiety and disposition as independent variables and mathematics learning achievement as a dependent variable. Anxiety when learning mathematics owned by students tend to be influenced by the image of mathematics lessons that are already famous scary. This is because students recognize mathematics subjects are difficult subjects and complicated, so it triggers the fear of students to learn math and resulted in anxiety when faced with mathematics subjects. Contrary to that, mathematical disposition is a change in the tendency of students to see and behave towards mathematics, and to act when learning mathematics. For example, when students can solve non-routine problems, their attitudes and beliefs as a student become more positive. The more mathematical concepts are understood, the more sure the students that mathematics can be mastered. Mathematical disposition can also be interpreted as a desire, awareness and a strong dedication to students to learn math and carry out various mathematical activities. Based on the theory, that there are many factors that affect student's mathematics learning achievement. In this study, researchers took the two factors above, namely anxiety and mathematical disposition. This research takes place in medan state 28 junior high school which is located at North Sumatera. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with a sample of all students class VIII which each class average amounted to 35 people. The data taken are questionnaires, using Pearson Correlation analysis, Spearman Correlation and Kendal's tau. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 for Windows software tool. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that: (1) there is no influence of anxiety on student learning achievement. Or in other words, student learning achievement is not at all affected by the student's anxiety in facing examinations, especially in mathematics; (2) there is an effect of disposition on student learning achievement. Or in other words, student learning achievement is influenced by the disposition attitudes that students have in mathematics learning; (3) simultaneously, anxiety and disposition are proven to have a contribution to influence student achievement, although individually, anxiety does not affect student learning achievement.

The use of the internet brings information resources closer to students so that they can easily access information from various sources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the information needs of students SMP Islam Athirah 1 Makassar on information sources available on the internet. The basis of this study used is a survey study that examines the role of the internet as a medium of information for students of SMP Islam Athirah 1 Makassar. Whereas the type of research is quantitative. The number of sample members for this study were 162 students, who came from Class VII = 77 students and Class VIII = 85 students by means of proportional stratified random sampling. The results of this study indicate the level of internet use of students at Makassar Islamic Middle School 1 in the category of frequent access both in terms of the type of information and facilities offered all based on respondents' needs for information related to science, information needs of students have different portions. But the tendency is more in need of information relating to science than the need for entertainment information. In seeking knowledge students prefer website facilities rather than choosing information facilities to exchange knowledge information in the form of e-mail.

This study examines the extent of eligibility of dhimmi to assume the leadership of an Islamic country. The problem of the study lies in removing the requirement of Islam in the head of a Muslim country; and the extent of the eligibility of members of non-Muslim minorities to hold this office. I wanted from this study to explain the Shariah view and look into authorities of each opinion; and additionally, the position of the Palestinian law for a non-Muslim to lead a Muslim country. The aim of looking at these authorities and discussing them is to reach to the Islamic view which is in line with the Shariah provisions, and to explain the extent upon which the Palestinian law has granted religious minorities this right. The study adopts inductive approach in getting the opinions and authorities; and the study then follows the analytical approach in analyzing these views and authorities and came out with comfortable strong evidence. I started by explaining the nature of Islamic political system and that it is discretionary branch of Shariah. The study further addressed views on the ruling of leadership of dhimmi in Islamic countries, which ranged between two views: The first view and the holders are the vast majority of scholars and thinkers; they say it is prohibited. And the second opinion which is the view of some contemporary thinkers and scholars where they say dhimmi is allowed to lead Muslims. And after studying both views and their authorities the study preferred the prohibition of leadership of non-Muslim on Muslims, and this is based on the principle of justice and there is no violation of values, principles and foundations of citizenship. Finally, the Palestinian Basic Law does not require specific religion for the presidential candidate of the state.

The role of university today is to greatly contribute in the development of Start-Up Business in accordance with its capacity as an intellectual source through the formation of the students’ atmosphere into a reliable entrepreneur in the future. The strategy is to create an entrepreneurial atmosphere in the university through a business and technology incubation model development that focuses on start-up business based on the creative economy sub-sector. The purpose of this research is to strengthen the incubation institute of the business and technology in the university with the approach of model and method of work, the development of business incubation program, and also to produce tenants of start-up business in the university. The result of this research found that there is effective model of business start-up development in university through an ideal and effective business incubation that is replicated and implemented by other universities. The next finding in establishing an entrepreneurial atmosphere model is through a start-up competition program among universities.

This study aims at determining the impact of four determinants: market intelligence, competitors intelligence, technological intelligence and strategic intelligence on the innovation of marketing communication activities in Saudi service organizations. These determinants called competitive intelligence. Determining the statistical differences in the levels of innovation and competitive intelligence in the survived organizations are objectives of this study. The research population consists all of large Saudi companies working in the service sector in the year 2016 which are commercial banks, telecom companies, insurance companies and private hospitals. The full survey method is used. The number of survived companies reached to 67 companies. The study approved that the competitive intelligence and its determinants are key sources of innovation in marketing communication activities. The study also find that there are no statistical differences in the level competitive intelligence while the differences in the level of innovation is approved. Finally, the study recommended some implications to improve the levels of competitive intelligence and innovation in Saudi economy.

This case report describes a successful multidisciplinary approach used to preserve the existing tooth structure supporting both hard and soft tissues. The applied approach improved the smile aesthetics of a young female patient with excessively decayed crowns, asymmetric mesio-distal width, and unequal gingival margins of the maxillary anterior teeth. The combined treatment of aesthetic crown lengthening, frenectomy, and restorative dentistry were conducted using zirconia computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crowns. Clinical findings after a 2-year follow-up period confirmed the stability of the gingival margins and absence of adverse effects, such widening of the periodontal ligaments.

PVS (Polyvinyl siloxane) materials are hydrophobic which may encourage formation of surface voids affecting the surface hardness and accuracy of resultant cast. The wettability of dentine surfaces by impression materials depends on the hydrophilicity and viscosity of the material. Surfactant applied to an impression may reduce the number of voids in resultant cast or die. With the above background the present study was aimed to investigate the changes in the surface hardness of an investment material poured in polyvinylsiloxane moulds following the application of three brands of commercially available topical surfactants. A precisely machined steel cylindrical master model was made 20mm in diameter and 35mm in length for the fabrication of PVS moulds. A precisely machined casting ring former 40 mm in diameter was made and the master model was mounted centrally on a plastic sheet. PVS duplicating material, Ecosil (Dentaurum) was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and poured into the casting ring former to create four moulds. Fifteen specimens were poured into each of the moulds for each model material/ surface treatment combination, yielding a total of 60 specimens for testing. Brinell hardness test was performed using a universal testing machine and the results were compared using one way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey’s test. Aurofilm greatly increased the surface hardness of investment material (BHN-90) when compared to the control group while the surfactants Debubblizer and Waxit decreased the surface hardness of investment material when compared to the control group. The surfactant Aurofilm was found compatible with both PVS duplicating material (Dentaurum) and investment material (Bellavest-T). The surfactants Debubblizer and Waxit were found incompatible with investment material.

Ameloblastoma or admantinoma is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. It is rare tumour occurring in the jaws which constitutes 1–3% of all cysts and tumours of jaw with locally aggressive behavior & high recurrence rate. The tumor is by far more common in the mandible than in the maxilla. A unilocular or multilocular radiolucency with a honeycomb or soap bubble appearance is the most striking feature. Sometimes ameloblastoma is indistinguishable from a dentigerous cyst. We present a case report of ameloblastoma of right posterior maxilla in a 35 year old male.

This research aims to find out and analyze the effect of the clarity of budget targets, reporting systems and accounting controls on performance accountability in the agricultural sector. Based on the calculation results using Slovin formula, the sample of the study was 158 samples consisting of 18 Agricultural Offices of South Sumatra Regency. Data analysis method uses Multiple Regression. The results of the study show Clarity of Budget Objectives, Reporting Systems and Accounting Control in the Agricultural Sector (Case Study in PTPH Service of South Sumatra Province) has a positive and significant influence on Performance Accountability. The reporting system has a more dominant influence on Performance Accountability compared to Clarity of budget targets.

This work evaluated the palm oil biomass waste as a source of renewable energy for electric power generation. Nigeria was once the largest producer of Oil Palm products, but since has been relegated to the back ground by Malaysia and some other countries and needs to revitalize its palm oil industries. Electricity regeneration in Nigeria has also been highly politicized and still at shortfall to its teeming population demand. This situation invariably requires revamping through exploitations of alternative energy sources. This work was carried out at Presco Nigeria Ltd which owns palm plantations from where we obtained our oil palm empty fruit bunches for this research. The result obtained from this work shows that 896 kg of empty fruit bunches produced 1.7 MW of power though lower than that of the same mass of methane, it is proving to be by far more cost effective, easier to maintain and run. The research also reported that oil palm empty fruit bunch has more calorific value than other oil palm biomass resources. Placing this research finding with others in literature indicates that the quantity of the biomass is directly proportional to the amount of energy produced.

One area that interests many researchers is the development of nanoparticle synthesis methods. Nanoparticles can occur naturally or through a synthesis process by humans. Nanoparticle synthesis means making particles less than 100 nm in size and simultaneously changing their properties or functions. Durian skin powder nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Where the coprecipitation method is one method of synthesis of inorganic compounds based on the deposition of more than one substance together when it passes the saturation point. Coprecipitation is a method that processes using low temperatures and is easy to control particle size so that the time needed is relatively shorter. EDTA is used to control the crystal size (diamin tetra acetate ethanol) is a titrating ligand that is widely used in complexometric titration. EDTA added was varied by 10 drops, 15 drops, 20 drops and 25 drops to see the change in crystal size that occurred. This crystal size control aims to obtain maximum electrical performance in durian leather powder. The maximum electrical voltage obtained by adding EDTA little by little is 5.5 Volt with maximum droplets as well and the crystal size is 4.9 nm. The performance of the partners obtained is not that different from the others. So that it can be said that the voltage will continue to increase when the size of the crystal gets smaller and the addition of EDTA increases the droplets increasing the value of the electrical voltage and reducing the size of the crystals of the durian leather powder.

The paper investigates the practice of domestic rainwater harvesting by residents of the study area to supplement intermittent water supplies from the public water works. Data was collected through the use of questionnaire in August 2016 and 2017, the peak of the rainy season. Results showed overwhelming percentage of respondents collects rainwater (99%) but do not drink the water collected (96%). The harvested rainwater is used for domestic needs and provides savings in income and time in search of water by residents.

To assess the anxiety level of patients before, during, and after dental visits and injection of local anesthesia, and to compare the dental anxiety level among different age groups. A total of 296 patients who underwent different dental treatments in Namuthajiya and Muneseya campuses were included in this study. The subjects were divided into four age groups: 10–20-year, 21–30, 31–40, and above 41. Six questions were developed to assess the extent of anxiety levels among dental patients. The questions were “dental patient in relation to open mouth completely by the dentists”, “„patients during different treatments from instruments”, “„during and after local anesthesia injections”, “night before the dental appointments”, and “when the dentist is angry with the nurse”. Significant difference was considered at P<0.05. Patients aged 21–30 had the highest frequency, followed patients aged 31–40 at 28%. The frequency of the relaxed level of anxiety was the highest among most of the questions, at 68%, 44%, 43%, and 33% for questions number 4, 3, 1, and 5, respectively, and significant differences were found (P˂0.050). The anxious level of stress had the highest frequency of 30% in the question “During drilling from instruments”, whereas the frequency of the very anxious level of stress was high at 35% for the question related to “When the dentist is angry with the nurse”. No significant differences were found on both questions, with P values of 0.324 and 0.275. The recorded anxiety levels of patients before dental visits were low but were high during dental visits and treatments. Young and old patients showed increased stress levels during dental procedures.