Distilled water is not supposed to contain > 5μg of chlorides and if it does, distillation is unsuccessful, and a repeat is needed. The quantification of chlorides post purification of reagent grade water though serves to illustrate the success of purification, has also been used in this study to illustrate nearness to success. A total of 50 registered Clinical Chemistry Laboratories in Lagos Mainland of Lagos Nigeria were recruited in this cross sectional study, their reagent grade water sampled and tested for chlorides using spectrophotometric technique. A questionnaire was also administered to ascertain the Laboratories’ source of water. In this study, significant amount of chloride was detected in all reagent water tested with concentration range of 0.055mg/L - 38.760mg/L. Most laboratories studied had Borehole as their source of water with few using bottled table water. The concentration of chlorides in laboratories using bottled table water ranged from 0.142 to 4.70. The average chloride concentration was 1.560mg/L and Variance of 2.953. This when compared to borehole sources with average chloride concentration of 5.912mg/L and variance of 79.378, at 95% confidence interval, p = 0.05, critical value 2.021 and calculated t = 2.896, was statistically significant. There is detection of significant concentrations of chloride implying failure of purification of water in all Laboratories studied. However, based on this study use of bottled table water is presently better than use of borehole as source of water for purification.

This study aims to determine the effect of song media on the ability to write narrative texts by class V students of SDIT Ash-Sholihin, amounting to 30 people. This research is an experimental model using one group pre-test post-test design. The results showed that the average value of the ability in writing narrative texts by students before using song media was 66 included in the sufficient category with a standard deviation of 7.89 while the average value of students' ability in writing narrative texts after using song media was 74.33 included in the good category with a standard deviation of 9.01. Based on the calculation of the normality test in the pre test it is known that Lhitung is 0.11 using ∝= 0.05 and N - 30, then Lhitung is 0.09 <Ltable 0.11 <0.161. It proves that outcomes learning of song media are distributed normally. Based on the homogeneity that has been done, the X2 value (chi squared) is calculated as 1.33. The price of X2 table at the level of 95% with dk 29 is 42.6. It turns out that X2 counts <X2 table which is 1.33 <42.6. It proves that the population variance is homogeneous. The value of 't' obtained is 3.77 consulted in table t at a significant level of 5% with table t at a significant level of 5% with dk = N-1 = 30-1 = 29, in the table with dk = 29 a significant level of 5% = 2.04. It means that be obtained is greater than t table, which is 3.77> 2.04. Thus, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and HO is rejected. Based on the analysis of the data above, it can be concluded that song media has a positive and significant effect on the ability to write narrative texts in class V, students of Sdit Ash-Sholihin Tahun 2017-2018.

The term “menstruation” is derived from the Latin word “menstruus” meaning “monthly”. Sir John Williams stated that menstruation is a cyclical process, which begins at cessation of menstrual flow, passes through the developmental changes of mucus membrane of the uterus and ends with the cessation of the next following menstruation” [1]. Objective-To evaluate histopathology of endometrium in abnormal uterine bleeding. The endometrial samples (endometrial curettage/ biopsy and hysterectomy specimens) sent to pathology laboratory were analysed. These specimens are fixed in 10% formalin and gross morphology was recorded. A detailed histological study was carried out and the findings were noted. Statistical analysis was done. In the present study maximum number of patients (46 cases) belongs to an age group of 31-40 years followed by 34 cases belongs to an age group of 41-50 years and 12 cases belongs to 21-30 year age group (Table-1). In the present study maximum number of patients (58 cases) presented with a symptom of heavy bleeding followed by Inter-menstrual Bleeding was seen in 24 patients and Heavy & prolonged bleeding was seen in 6 cases (Table-2). Proliferative phase was the most common histo-pathological finding accounting for 41% followed by secretory phase accounting for 24%, simple hyperplasia without atypia accounting for 17%, complex hyperplasia with atypia in 8%, endometrial polyp & Disordered Proliferative endometrium in 3%, endometrial adenocarcinoma 1% (Table-3). Histopathological evaluation of endometrial sample in women with AUB has a vital role in the diagnosis of different histological patterns. Therefore, histo-pathological examination is of paramount importance particularly in women of peri-menopausal and post-menopausal age groups who present with AUB.

Introduction: Improper handling and disposal of medical waste is hazardous to waste handlers, health care workers, environment and also increases the risk of nosocomail infections. This study was planned to evaluate the practical calibration and awareness of dental auxillaries in disposal of hazardous biomedical waste generated during dental treatment into color coded dustbins at a dental hospital. Material and Methods: The study comprises of 18 dental auxillaries who was asked to dispose the simulated biological, non-biological and semibiological material according to their knowledge into the color coded dustbin. The study was planned and carried out three times (for each dental auxillary) at different days. As each respondent was asked to dispose the waste of each category three times, thus waste was disposed for 162 times. Results: were expressed as a number and percentage of respondents for each question and were analyzed using the SPSS Version 10 software. Chi-square test was performed and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The correct disposal of biological waste in red coded dustbin was n=31 (57%), non-biological waste in green coded dustbin was n=30 (54%), semi biological waste in yellow coded dustbin was n=27 (50%). Thus waste was correctly disposed 88 times (54%). Conclusion: Dental auxillaries should be motivated to attend training and education programmes concerning waste management so that they will be efficient to properly segregate, disinfect and dispose hospital waste in an eco-friendly way.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are generally classified into two main categories of which are copyright and industry property rights. The scope of copyright is a creative work in the field of science, art, and literature, while the scope of the Industrial Property Rights is in technology. In IPR terminology known term creators and/or inventors. The current study uses a legal approach with data collection procedures that are characterized by library research that is deductively processed. Qualitative research analysis aimed to find out how the law urgency was setting up copyright. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that there are laws and regulations governing copyright. In Indonesia, the legal regulation of copyright has been regulated in the Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. After being reviewed, the authors discovered some disadvantages and advantages contained in the legislation governing local artworks that are expected to be review material for improvement on the next legislation.

Radiculopathy is a mechanical compression of a nerve root usually at the exit foramen or lateral recess. Cervical radiculopathies (CR) was conditions involving a pathological process affecting at or near the root of the nerve, shortly after its exit from the upper back spine. The pain or other symptoms often radiate to the part of the body served by that nerve, if a nerve root impingement involved in the neck can produce pain and weakness in the forearm. Aim of present study to evaluate diagnostic utility of nerve conduction studies in cervical radiculitis/radiculopathy. Thirty five patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy, confirmed by clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidences were studied. Selected patients were divided in two groups GROUP A- Asymptomatic side in subject clinically diagnosed with radiculitis/radiculopathy is used as control group. GROUP B- Symptomatic side in same subjects clinically diagnosed with radiculitis/radiculopathy used as case group. A high-voltage electrical stimulator was used to elicit nerve response bilaterally at various stimulation sites for the diagnosis of cervical nerve-root radiculopathy. The reduced CMAP of median had shown significant variation on symptomatic side as compare to asymptomatic side. These variations in side to side nerve conduction parameters by non-invasive technique brings awareness to clinicians about the radiculopathy and this report may also be useful to clinician for early diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy.

Introduction: The study was intended to assess perception of medical undergraduates towards different teaching aids utilized for giving study strategy. A comparison between conventional techniques for teaching, for example, writing chalk and board with lecture delivery utilizing projectors and transparencies and Power Point presentation. Materials and method: First year medical undergraduates were requested to fill a questionnaire in regards to their perception towards different study technique delivery systems. The students were also interviewed after analysis of result. Results: Majority of medical undergraduates (42%) favored blackboard and chalk while 31% favored PowerPoint presentations and just 26% favored projectors and transparencies. Discussion: The students favored lectures over PowerPoint presentations; but, there was no reasonable outline as to prevalence of any method. Fundamental inclination was collaboration with teacher as came out in meeting with students. Subsequently it highlights that in hands of a trained teacher any prop is valuable. It additionally highlights the requirement for training teachers to better utilize recent advances in innovations to better convey and promote understudies.

The remnants of left venous valve of sinus venosus are rarely noticed in the interior of right atrium. The remnants can be seen attached to the floor of fossa ovalis. The incidence of remnants of left venous valve was studied in 50 cadaveric hearts utilised for undergraduate teaching programme. The right atrium was opened and the interior was studied for the presence of these embryological remnants. The incidence of remnants of left venous valve is 12% in the present study. It was seen either inform of membranous structure or fibrous strands attached to the fossa ovalis. This anomaly may give rise to complications like thromboembolism or difficulty during important surgical procedures of the interatrial septum. So knowledge regarding the incidence, morphology and complications of this embryological remnant is mandatory. Keywords: Fossa ovalis, left venous valve, right atrium, sinus venosus, cadveric hearts.

Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur are commonly seen in the orthopedic department due to increased life expectancy and sedentary lifestyles. Therefore, these kinds of fractures are commonly seen in the geriatric population. Management is, therefore, challenging due to age and associated medical conditions present in the older patients. We in the present study to compare the outcome of surgical management of inter-trochanteric fractures of the femur with the dynamic hip screw (DHS) and proximal femur nailing fixation (PFN). Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study of surgical management of inter-trochanteric fractures of the femur was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of n=30 cases were identified during the study period from August 2016 to October 2018. Out of which n= 15 were treated by PFN fixation and n=15 were treated were treated with DHS method. Standard operative and surgical techniques were utilized and postoperative care is done. Follow up of cases in both categories was at 2, 4, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the surgery. Results: The total numbers of the male were n=16 (53.33%) and female were n=14 (46.66%). The mode of injury revealed 11 cases were due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) and trivial falls were found in n= 19 (63.33%) of the patients. In n=18 (60%) the right side was involved in the fractures and in n=12(40%) left side was involved in the fractures. A total of n=14 (46.65%) complications were seen during the operative procedures n=3 (10%) complications each was seen due to failure to get an anatomical reduction, failure to put derotation screw, and Varus Angulation n=2 (6.66%). Conclusion: it can be concluded that PFN and DHS have similar outcomes for stable intertrochanteric fractures but in cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures PFN may be considered the best option. PFN generally has the advantage of being useful in weak osteoporotic patients and is biomechanically sound as it is done by closed technique, fracture opened only when closed reduction could not be achieved and it is an intramedullary device

Few studies have assessed the real gain in satisfaction and quality of life of patients rehabilitated with full-arch implantsupported prosthesis. Here, a validated questionnaire (OHIP-14) was used to assess satisfaction and quality of life of patients using total upper and/or lower prosthesis who were rehabilitated with this type of prostheses. The sample consisted of 150 patients divided in three groups (Group 1 = lower protocol; Group 2 = upper protocol; and Group 3 = upper and lower protocol). Most of the answers were zero for all three groups. The intergroup analysis showed no significant difference in the total sum of questions. In the intragroup analysis, the total sum of questions was significantly smaller in the Upper and Lower Group. Time of use of fixed prosthesis accounts for over 30% of the variation in total OHIP-14. There was no influence of protocol location on OHIP-14 answers and, in general, the satisfaction of patients rehabilitated with implant-supported prosthesis is clear

This study aims to reach an ingredient-advertising strategy aimed to influence the interest of buying host-product. It uses between-subject experiment (i.e., advertising strategy for ingredient-advertisement: emotional, informational, and the combination between them) and within-subject experiment (i.e., high-involvement, low involvement). Printed ingredient-advertising followed by information about host-product is used as the stimulus. An evaluation is through questionnaires. The result of this study brings evidence for the hypothesis. Future researches may involve other sources to manipulate and inform information with multiple exposures

The purpose of the study was to determine community socio-economic factors affecting students‟ academic performance in public Secondary schools in Rongo Sub-county, Migori County, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research designs. The study was based on the conceptual framework. The targeted populations were 45 head teachers, 45 Guidance and Counseling teachers, 45(Parents Teachers Association (PTA) chairpersons, 14523 students, 5 Zonal Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (ZQASOs). The researcher used saturated sampling technique to select 45 head teachers, 45 Guidance and Counseling teachers, 45 PTA chairpersons and 5 ZQASOs, purposive random sampling was used to select 450 students. The instruments of data collection were questionnaires, in-depth interview, and document analysis. Reliability of the instruments was addressed through piloting in 5 schools and reliability coefficients were obtained by subjecting the instruments to a Split-half Technique and Spearman “Brown Prophesy formula”. The coefficient of reliability obtained was 0.721 which indicated that the instruments were reliable. To ensure face and content validity of the research instruments, 2 experts in the department of Educational Administration Planning and Economics, Kisii University were requested to scrutinize the research instruments so as to validate them. Data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was analyzed using likert scale and other qualitative data were analyzed in an ongoing process as themes and sub-themes emerged. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The finding revealed that 25(62.5%) of Head Teachers agreed that community assist in the mobilizing students to go to school hence increase enrolment. It was concluded that the significant community socio-economic activities that promoted academic performnce were: School sponsorship, provision of piped and natural fountains of water,spiritual nourishment of students provision of physical facilities. It recommended that the schools should develop relations with the community to tap the full potentialities needed for academic performance. The researcher adhered to research ethics including plagiarism and getting the consent of respondents among others.

Introduction: Diagnosis of neuroborreliosis may be difficult. Neuroborreliosis mainly results in lymphocytic meningitis and in meningoradiculitis. Case report: We report the case of a patient who developed a sudden facial diplegia, revealing neuroborreliosis proved by positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid serology. The patient had no previous history of tick bite and migrans erythema. The patient was given ceftriaxone therapy (2 g/day for 21 days), leading to resolution of all clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Our report underscores that neuroborreliosis should be considered in patients exhibiting facial diplegia. Thus, Lyme serology should be performed systematically in these patients. Altogether, early management is crucial, before the onset of neurological manifestations at late stage, leading to disabling sequelae despite antibiotic therapy

Ameloblastoma is a rare neoplasm of the mandible and maxilla of odontogenic epithelial origin. It has multiple histologic variants. Most common subtype is the multicystic variant of ameloblastoma while its another variant unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is relatively uncommon which usually occur in younger populations. In this article, we report a case of Unicystic Ameloblastoma in a 22 year old female which was provisionally diagnosed as dentigerous cyst based on clinico - radiographic features and was treated conservatively. Detailed microscopic examination revealed features of Unicystic ameloblastoma which requires long term follow-up to check for recurrence.

The main aim of this study is to present a new, effective approach to diagnose Diabetes Mellitus in a timely, accurate and cost-effective manner, thanks to using technology and new, patented diagnosing procedure. This study shows results of diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus in two different Clinical Expert Decision Support Systems and presents a new way to diagnose diabetes through commonly used urine test strips. It also shows, how this new approach may be reflected into diagnosing algorithms that can be used in diagnostics systems.