Corruption is a serious problem that could endanger the social development of both economic and political, as well as damage the values of democracy and morality because sooner or later this act of seeming to be a culture. Corruption is a threat to the ambitions towards a just and prosperous society. The problem of corruption is not a new problem in matters of law and economics for a country because of the problem of corruption has existed for thousands of years in both the developed and developing countries including in Indonesia. Corruption has crawled and slipped in various forms or mode of operation thus undermining state finances, the state's economy and detriment of public interest. Corruption is a misappropriation or embezzlement of money of a State or a corporation or otherwise for personal or other interests. While the world International understanding of corruption by Black's Law Dictionary means that an act is undertaken with a view to gain some advantage which is contrary to official duties and other truths. In Law Number 30 the Year 2014 differentiated two concepts, namely authority and authorization. Authority is the right owned by the Agency and/or Government Officials or other state organizers to make decisions and/or actions in the administration of government. While authorization is the power of the Agency and/or Government Officials or other state organizers to act in the realm of public law. Government administration is the product of administrative decisions.

Background: Candida infection today is highly prevalent, especially the increase in carriers of removable dentures and poor oral hygiene society. Aim: To evaluate the role of fluconazole and clotrimazole in treating oral candidiasis patients. Methods: Two hundred subjects suffering from oral candidiasis formed the study population. Microbiological culture confirmed the diagnosis of oral candidiasis. Study subjects were divided into Group A - subjects who were under treatment with fluconazole therapy, Group B - subjects who were on clotrimazole therapy. Follow up of the study subjects was done after 2 weeks of continuation of the treatment. Results: Among group A subjects, before starting the treatment, 164 (82%) of the them had moderate severity of clinical symptoms, whereas in group B, 148 (74%) of the subjects had moderate severity of symptoms. After the treatment, most 190 (95%) of the them were devoid of any symptom in group A, whereas such proportion was 172 (86%) in group B. In group A subjects, before and after the treatment, the colony count was 1376.4 and 10.8, respectively, whereas in the group II patients, the mean colony count was 854.1 and 23.3, respectively. Conclusion: Both fluconazole and clotrimazole were approximately equally effective while treating subjects having oral candidiasis.

Electrolyte derangement is a common feature in anaemia. This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect(s) of ferrous sulphate on the renal handling of electrolytes. 28 male albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 7 rats each namely: the normal control given distilled water (10ml/kg body weight), ferrous sulphate administered ferrous sulphate (75mg/kg body weight), anaemic control given phenyl hydrazine (40mg/kg body weight) and the anaemic treated group given phenylhydrazine administered (40mg/kg body weight of phenyl hydrazine and 75mg/kg body weight) and ferrous sulphate. Results show that mean Na+ and Cl- levels in the serum (P<0.001) and urine (P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively) of the anaemic control group was significantly higher than control and ferrous sulphate groups. K+ concentration in the serum of AC was significantly (P<0.001) higher than that of control and FES but significanlty (P<0.05) lower in urine of AC compared with control and FES. The bicarbonate concentration of the serum and urine of AC was significantly (P<0.05 and P<.001 respectively) lower than the FES group only. The levels of Na+, Cl-, K+ and HCO3- in the AFES group were not significantly different from any of the groups. Conclusion: We conclude that ferrous sulfate does not only restore Hb but also kidneys ability to handle electrolytes.

Purpose: Uncontrolled clinical trial aims to evaluate clinical and radiographic healing after repairing mechanical furcal perforations that occurring during pulpotomy in primary molars by using MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate). Materials and Methods: 34 primary molars in 32 healthy children aged 5-10 years old were treated after occurring of mechanical furcal perforations during pulpotomy by using MTA. Mediate and immediate treatment had been performed after clinical and/or radiographic diagnosis of the perforation, and then teeth had been followed clinically at 1st week 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th month and radiographically at 6th and 12th month after perforation repair. Statistical analyses were done at p-value = 0.05 and confidence interval CI 95%. Results: All teeth were successful at the first week. Overall success rate recorded 79.3%, and CI of success was 65% to 93%, 5 teeth had been extracted because of totally failure. There was no significant statistically difference between totally success rates according to gender, tooth position, tooth type, previous sub-base of ZOE, pre-used of Formocresol (p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: Iatrogenic furcal perforated primary molars can be treated by using MTA successfully. Mediate treatment and pre used of FC may have unfavorable prognosis of repairing perforations.

Background: Reports have shown that approximately 529,000 maternal mortality due to pregnancy-related causes annually and almost all (99%) of these maternal deaths occur in developing nations. Aims and Objectives: To study the direct and indirect causes of maternal mortality. Materials and methods: Sixty three women were studied at Department of Obstrectics and Gynecology, Sultania, Zanana Hospital, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal from April 2008 to March 2009. Age, parity and direct and indirect causes of mortality were recorded. Results: Out of 63 maternal deaths, majority (74.6%) occurred due to direct causes and 25.4% due to indirect cause. Most common direct cause of mortality were Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (42.85%) followed by hemorrhage (15.87%) and septicemia (12.70%). Most common indirect cause of maternal mortality were severe anemia (37.5%) and complicated malaria (37.5%). Conclusion: Contribution of direct causes was more in the maternal mortality, of which Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, hemorrhage and septicemia were most common

Background: Individuals should spend at least 2 minutes brushing their teeth with an effective technique at least twice a day, However, most estimates of actual brushing time vary between just over 30 seconds to 60 seconds. Aim: To study the relationship between time of manual tooth-brushing and plaque removal. Methods: Turesky index was used in this study group to assess the plaques. Brushing times were assigned over a 3 week period and brushing times assigned were 30, 45, 60, 120 and 180 seconds. Dental plaque before and after brushing were evaluated and recorded. Results: Changes in Turesky index score for 30 seconds brushing from pre brushing to post brushing were 3.276 ± 0.064 to 2.628 ± 0.175. For 45 seconds brushing time, pre brushing and post brushing scores were 3.262 ± 0.036 and 2.648 ± 0.151. Turesky index score for 60 seconds changed from 3.287 ± 0.065 to 2.562 ± 0.114. for 3 minutes brushing, pre brushing and post brushing scores were 3.064 ± 0.071 and 2.657 ± 0.143. Conclusion: Oral health education towards educating the patients about the duration of brushing time required for plaque removal.

Medan Zoo is located in Simalingkar Village B, Medan Tuntungan, about ten kilometres from the city centre towards Berastagi. Based on data obtained Medan Zoo has not been able to realize the amount of revenue that has been targeted. The present study aims to analyze the effect of service quality consisting of tangible, reliability, competence, courtesy, credibility, security, responsiveness, accessibility, communication, and understanding the customer to Medan Zoo visitors partially and simultaneously. The type of research is quantitative descriptive research. The questionnaires were distributed to a hundred visitors to Medan Zoo. Simultaneously, it has been found that there is a significant influence of service quality consisting of tangible, reliability, competence, courtesy, credibility, security, responsiveness, accessibility, communication, the customer's understanding on visitors’ satisfaction at Medan Zoo

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is closely related to tumour progression and prognosis. This study aims to evaluate the pattern and clinical implication of VEGF expression in benign and malignant neoplasms and to determine the effect of surgery on serum level of VEGF. Cases were drawn from among histologically confirmed orofacial tumours, while controls were from consecutive, ambulatory dental patients at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Blood samples taken from cases and controls, preoperatively and at one -month post-surgery, were allowed to clot and the serum aliquots stored at -600C till analyses. Serum VEGF was analysed using Sandwich ELISA and mean levels as well as median were measured. Spearman correlation was estimated, t-test measured significance (at p ≤ 0.05). Eighty-one subjects were studied (55 cases and 26 controls). Preoperatively, there were significantly different serum levels of VEGF in benign (48.11 ± 25.19 pg/ml) vs. malignant cases (1065.00 ± 412.14 pg/ml), and when compared with controls (45.42 ± 29.83 pg/ml), p <0.001. After definitive surgical intervention, there was a significant reduction in the level of serum VEGF in both benign (45.50 ± 24.71 pg/ml) and malignant cases (51.22 ± 16.84 pg/ml), p <0.001. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences between cases and controls post-surgery. There was elevated levels of serum VEGF in benign and malignant orofacial neoplasia. Surgery caused a significant reduction of circulating VEGF to normal levels irrespective of age, gender, previous medical history, perceived duration of the lesion and lymph node involvement.

This study is intended to analyze the performance of Sharia banks in Indonesia through the alleged influential factors, namely efficiency and finance to deposit ratio. This research to analysis (1) Efficiency (BOPO), Finance to Deposit Ratio and Returns on Asset at Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2012-2017, (2) Effect of Efficiency (BOPO) and Financing to Deposit Ratios on Return on Asset at Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia. This study uses annual financial report data issued by each bank in 2012-2017. The total population in this study was 13 banks, after passing through purposive sampling, the number of samples used was 8 banks. The method used is the descriptive method and a quantitative method with panel data analysis. Based on the results of the research show: (1) Efficiency, Finance to Deposit Ratios and Returns on Asset at Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia from year to year which is being updated. (2) Efficiency has negative effect and significantly on Return On Asset while Finance to Deposit Ratio has positive effect and insignificant effect on Return On Assets. Keywords: Efficiency, Financing to Deposit Ratio, Return on Assets, Sharia Banks

Background: Various root canal filling materials for primary teeth have been used from time to time; the most commonly used and readily available materials are zinc oxide eugenol and Vitapex. Aim: We conducted this study with the aim of comparing the effect of Zinc oxide eugenol and Vitapex for carrying out endodontic therapy of necrotic primary teeth. Methods: Study was performed on 165 teeth. Clinical and radiographic assessment of the patients was done pre-operatively. In the zinc oxide eugenol group, paste was prepared and paper points covered with the material were used to coat the root canal walls. In the Vitapex group, the premixed paste was packaged in a syringe with a number of disposable tips. Results: On pre-operative clinical and radiographic assessment of 165 teeth, pain was found among 116 (70.3%), bone radiolucency 90 (54.5%), abnormal mobility 75 (45.5%) subjects. Swelling outside the oral cavity was seen in least 31 (18.8%) number of subjects. Among subjects in which Zinc oxide eugenol was used, 31 (18.8%) subjects showed short fillings while in cases where Vitapex was used, 9.7 percent showed short fillings. Conclusion: Premixed calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste (Vitapex) offered as a healthy choice as a filling material following pulpectomy in primary non-vital teeth as compared to zinc oxide eugenol.

Intense competition in today's business world has made it increasingly difficult for firms to exist, and survival has become a primary business goal. Some entrepreneurs have struggled to compete, and some have eventually failed; therefore, how firms create and sustain their competitive advantage provides a sound basis for the firms’ existence. This study’s objective is to explore the resources that enhance a sustainable competitive advantage within the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in creative industries. The state of competition within industries is presented using the resource-based view (RBV) and social capital, and we specify three essential competitive determinants: market orientation, collaborative external network, and managerial ties. This study used a questionnaire survey and structural equation modelling to evaluate the conceptual model. We found that market orientation and collaboration external networks can lead to sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, managerial ties as a mediator between market orientation and collaborative external network lead to sustainable competitive advantage

The wearing of Charms Tolak Bala in avert is a tradition in the Malay community in the village of Bagan Serdang Subdistrict Pantai Labu.Study this study investigates about the wearing of charms tolak bala in rejecting in Malay society of Village Bagan Serdang. The wearing of charms tola kbala in avert still a culture conducted most community groups in Indonesia, either in the form of rituals, rites of Thanks giving rituals or avert. These ceremonies have become a tradition in the community in daily life that handed down by the ancestors to the generations to come. The wearing of charms tolak bala in rejecting the community activity is channelled to the traditions which continue to be developed by the Malay Village Bagan Serdang. Thus, the tradition of wearing charms tolak bala in avert performed by residents of KampungBaganSerdangSubdistrict Pantai Labu can survive because the local residents continue to use and keep them. The focus of this research include about practice and execution against the wearing of charms tolak bala. This study uses qualitative methods to get the appropriate data that is happening in the field. Data collection is done by conducting interviews with some of the respondents came from the community. The results showed that the Malay Village Bagan Serdang still trust and use the wearing of charms tolak bala in the avert and to protect themselves.

The numbers of female that suffer from thyroid diseases are vast. But the question of the hour is whether there are any arterial variations in the female population of the costal population. The Thyroid gland is richly supplied by the blood vessels. In fact according to some studies its blood supply can be compared to that of the kidneys. Knowledge of the arterial variations is the key for the success of surgeries when it matters the most. This study puts in an effort to find the Arterial variations of thyroid gland in females so as to find if there are deviations from the normal population and also provides us with a useful data for the operating surgeons. The clinical implications of the study are vast

Maxillary reconstruction is still an evolving art when compared to the reconstruction of the mandible. The defects of maxilla apart from affecting the functions of the speech, swallowing and mastication also cause cosmetic disfigurement. Rehabilitation of the form and function in patients with maxillary defects is either by using obturator prosthesis or by a surgical reconstruction. Literature is abundant with a variety of reconstructive methods. The classification systems are also varied, with no universal acceptance of any one of them. The oncologic safety of these procedures is still debated, and conclusive evidence in this regard has not emerged yet. Management of the orbit is also not yet addressed properly. Tissue engineering, that has been hyped to be one of the possible solutions for this vexing reconstructive problem, has not come out with reliable and reproducible results so far. So, this article reviews the various recent advances in maxillofacial prostheses.

Maternal mortality ratio in India is 199per 100000 births, MMR in Rajasthan is 208 per 100000 live births and MMR in Udaipur is 284 per 100000 live births (2016) [1]. Leading causes include post partum hemorrhage (30%), sepsis, unsafe abortions, rupture of uterus and obstructed labor [2]. Emergency hysterectomy in obstetrics is rarely indicated and is always debatable but if performed timely and wisely can be life saving [3]. In the present study 24 cases (92.30%) belonged to age group of 26-35 years. 22cases (84.61%) belonged to Para 3 and 4. 14 cases (53.84%) required emergency obstetric hysterectomy to control atonic post partum hemorrhage . 6 cases (23.07%) were due to rupture of uterus , 4 case (15.38%) was due to sepsis 1 case due to cervical ectopic pregnancy. 20(76.92%) were unbooked cases with no antenatal care. There was no maternal mortality. Aim of the present study is to help reducing maternal morbidity and mortality and to suggest ways of improving maternal outcome