Holiday effects have been a hot topic in various disciplines, such as business, psychology, sociology and even more beyond. Numerous scholars have delved into this issue. Some of them mainly dwell on developed countries’ stock markets, typically showing abnormal returns around thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year, Easter and so on, while others focus on the relationship between stock markets in developing countries and holiday effect. This research will investigate the holiday effects in 7 selected Asian stock markets, including Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Japan, and South Korea. As for the Holiday effects, the author mainly focuses on Chinese New Year effect, with comparison to National Day and May Day effects. The research report includes stock return index data from 2000 to 2014. This study has both theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically the research results may contribute to the construction of theoretical models. Practically this study can help us have a better understanding of the relationship between holiday effects and stock markets, and may shed light to others who are interested in this field.

This study is about gender representation in billboard advertisements. It analyzed how male and female were represented in billboard advertisements in Nigeria. A fleeting glance at billboards in Nigeria often show a disconnect between the models and the products they represent. This observation led to employing the social constructionist theory of representation which posits that meaning is constructed by the individual users of the language to ascertain how the males and females are represented in billboard advertising with the unit of analysis as sex, roles and dressing of the products spokesperson, and product connection. The data for this study which were gathered through content analysis of billboards and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were analyzed using semiotic and textual analysis. This study which is both a quantitative and qualitative study found out that men are located mostly outside the home while the females were always seen within the home and less in the work environment. Again the issue of no-product connection was higher on the female side that mostly played decorative roles. This study becomes timely in the heels of the efforts towards eliminating gender discrimination and stereotypes. It is also hoped that this work will be a stepping stone for further research on gender representation in Nigerian billboard advertisements.

Objective: To evaluate by Ultrasound the lower uterine segment thickness of women with previous Cesarean section delivery determine critical above with safe vaginal delivery is predictable. Patient and Method: The study done in AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in AL-Najaf; attachment of Kufa university department of Obstetric and Gynecology. Kufa, Najaf. Among 200 patients with previous lower segment Cesarean section, Ahistory taken including gestational age, the interval between the pregnancy and previous Cesarean section, causes of previous Cesarean section and if it is emergency or elective. Ultrasound finding for this pregnancy including gestational age, lower segment uterine thickness. Result: In this study successful vaginal birth after Cesarean section = (59 %) elective second Cesarean section delivery (10 %) . failed trial of labour (30 %) uterine rupture scar ( 1% ) that is mean only two patients get rupture uterus among 200 patients. Conclusion: Ultra sound evolution permit better assessment of risk of scar complication intra partum could allow for safer management delivery

Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) has several pharmacological properties including antioxidant activity. Recently we have shown that methanol extract of C. speciosus leaves of summer has maximum in vitro antioxidant activity. Aim of the present work was to isolate antioxidant compound from C. speciosus leaves. Summer sample of C. speciosus leaves were collected from the local market and identified by the taxonomist. Methanol extract of the leaves was prepared and processed for isolation of antioxidant compound. Acid hydrolysis, solvent treatment, chromatographic experiments followed by crystallization were done to isolate a compound. In vitro antioxidant activity of the isolated compound was measured by superoxide anion generation with the help of xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, linoleic acid peroxidation assay as well as by DPPH photometric assay. Isolated compound showed significant in vitro antioxidant activity which was comparable to that of quercetin, a synthetic antioxidant. The isolated compound may, therefore, be used as natural antioxidant.

Thyroid gland is a highly vascular endocrine gland consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus present in the anterior midline of the neck against vertebrae C5, C6, C7 and T1. Many study have indicated the morphometric differences of this important gland. This study puts in an effort to study the morphological and morphometric variations of thyroid gland.

Background: Occupational exposures represent complex mixture of genotoxic agents. Benzene is one of the major organic product, people with chronic exposure to this organic product are exposed to many malignant disorders. People who work in Petrol station are consistently exposed to the dangerous components of petroleum through inhalation or direct contact with their skin. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential cytogenetic damage and micronuclei frequency associated with occupational exposure to benzene among petrol station workers by using Micronucleus assay. Materials and Methods: The study groups included twenty five occupationally exposed petrol station workers and twenty five age matched controls were recruited and evaluated for genetic damage. Exfoliated Buccal cells were collected from both groups by using the sterile brush. Slides fixed in ethanol and stained with Giemsa stain and 1000 cells were studied by using a light microscope. Statistical analysis for data interpretation performed by Student’s t‑test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: As compared to control subjects, significant high level of micronuclei frequency was found in the workers exposed to benzene (4.65±2 and 1.22±7 respectively). Period of exposure also showed considerable effects (P<0.05) on micronuclei frequency, while effect of age was non-significant (P>0.05). In this study, both Control and workers with history of Tobacco smoking and alcohol were excluded. Conclusions: The results of our study concluded that benzene have the potential to increase micronuclei frequency in the exposed subjects. The study also suggested that protective strategies should be implemented by the concerned authorities to minimize exposure to fuel.

The Malaysian medicinal plant, Water Apple’ (Syzygium Aqueum) can provide bioactive compounds that help to support people suffering from many diseases. The present study is undertaken to investigate the phytochemicals and invitro antioxidant activities from extract of Water Apple fruits. Determination of phytochemicals and invitro anti-oxidative capacity, established assay method 2, 2 - diphenyl – 1- picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical assay, nitric oxide and superoxide anion scavenging activity assays were used with reference to standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and butyl hydroxyl anisole (BHA).The percentage inhibition of radical scavenging activity increased with increase in concentrations of extract and when compared with standard antioxidants. The results show that the extract of fruits of Water Apple possesses significant antioxidant activity when compared to standard antioxidants. These findings provide a strong rationale to establish Water Apple fruits capability as an anti oxidant capacity. However, in-vivo antioxidant activity and mechanism of action is needed to be further studied.

Sera from 67 bovines (cattle and buffaloes) from villages around Ludhiana city and 10 vaccinated animals from an organized dairy farm were subjected to Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) DIVA ELISA. Sera from 10/67 field animals and 2/10 farm animals were found positive for the infection. Serial samples at 100 days, 130 days and 145 days postvaccination from 6 vaccinated buffaloes were assessed for titers of antibody against FMDV serotypes O, A and Asia-1 by Liquid Phase Blocking ELISA. The mean titers were as follows: Antibodies against O at 100 days, 130 days and 145 days = 2.4; Antibodies against A at 100 days = 1.858, at 130 days = 1.866, and at 145 days = 1.85; Antibodies against Asia-1 at 100 days = 2.225, at 130 days = 2.166, and at 145 days = 2.225, respectively. The differences among the mean titers of antibodies against FMDV O, A and Asia-1 at days 100, 130 and 145 were non – significant. However, two animals showed a titer of 1.65 against FMDV A at 100, 130 and 145 days which was below the protective level (> 1.8). The findings highlight the need for monitoring larger populations for the level of immunity induced by vaccination.

This study aims to examine the effect of tax avoidance, corporate governance, and leverage on earnings quality leverage. The research method used in this study is descriptive and verification. The population target in this study is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with observations in 2012-2017. We used 89 sample year sobserved. Data to be used in research is secondary data in the form of data from annual reports and company financial statements. Validity and reliability testing is done before testing the hypothesis. This study uses the SPSS Version 25 analysis technique. The conclusion of tis research shows that tax avoidance, institutional ownership, independent commissioners, independent auditor, and leverage affect the quality of earnings by 31.1%. Almost 69.9% is explained by other variables outside the model.

Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) has long been medicinally used in different systems of medicine. The plant has several pharmacological properties including antioxidant activity. Aim of the present work was to see the effects of extraction solvents on in vitro antioxidant activity of C. speciosus leaves. Leaves of C. speciosus were collected from the local market and identified by the taxonomist. Extracts of the leaves were prepared separately using acetone, methanol, ethanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether. With the help of xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, linoleic acid peroxidation assay and DPPH photometric assay, in vitro antioxidant activities of all extracts were checked. Total phenol, ascorbic acid, flavonoids and carotenoids contents of the extracts were also determined. Results showed that methanol extract of C. speciosus leaves had maximum in vitro antioxidant activity in comparison to other solvent extracts. This was due to presence of high amount of total phenol in methanol extract. Methanol extract of C. speciosus leaves, therefore, may be further investigated in search for natural antioxidant compounds.

AphraBehn wrote the first novel in the English language. She may justly be called, ‘Mother of the English Novel’. Behn’s Oroonoko [2], predates Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe by thirteen years. Although her highly original work of fiction has sometimes been dismissed as a ‘romance’, similar to the proto-fiction that appeared in the previous century, her work in fact marks a wholly new departure in English literature. It bears the hallmarks – the narration of events as recalled and filtered through the eyes of its characters; the interest in exact narrative detail; the claim that the tale is a true story, and based on eye-witness accounts – that thereafter would define the novel proper. Oroonoko is now generally agreed to draw on the author’s first-hand experience, albeit highly fictionalised, of a period spent in the Dutch colony of Surinam, in South America. Behn’s novel is remarkable in the period when it was written, for the respect with which its narrator describes the customs of indigenous peoples, and the dignity and courage of native-born Africans, the novel’s heroes. In her tale of the rebellion and tragic fate of a noble and heroic African prince, and of his wife Imoinda, Behn not only wrote the first English novel, but – nearly two centuries before Uncle Tom’s Cabin – the first work of fiction to denounce the institution of slavery

Effect of season on in vitro antioxidant activity of Costus speciosus (C. speciosus) leaves was studied. Leaves of C. speciosus of different seasons were collected from the local market and authenticated by the taxonomist. In vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves was measured by superoxide anion generation with the help of xanthine-xanthine oxidase assay, linoleic acid peroxidation assay and DPPH photometric assay. Amount of total phenols present in the leaves of different seasons was also estimated. Results showed that in vitro antioxidant activity of the leaves of C. speciosus was maximum during summer (March – May) in comparison to other seasons of the year. Amount of total phenols present in the leaves was also found maximum in summer. In vitro antioxidant activity of C. speciosus leaves, therefore, was due high amount of total phenols in the leaves. Leaves of C. speciosus of summer may be further investigated to get natural antioxidant compound.

Discussions on the phenomenon of international migration seem to be the base for the diaspora researches. However, should these intertwined social processes, in terms of theoretical researches, be fed from a much broader conceptual framework? Can a phenomenon of diaspora, arising as a result of international migration, be studied without the concept of related terms such as globalization, migration, ghettoization, minorities, identity, nationalism and transnational social spaces? This study focuses to answer these questions and points out the necessity of including the other concepts in a broader context for a better understanding of the relationship between international migration and diaspora. These concepts and conceptual discussions that become more and more important in the literature, makes to interpret the relationship between international migration and diaspora in the light of current developments.

Biodiversity loss through anthropogenic drivers is a matter of serious concern. Background extinction is a natural phenomenon. Anthropogenic biodiversity loss, also called sixth mass extinction has been addressed from various viewpoints. The issue of biodiversity loss has been discussed in local-, regional-, and national- and international –forums. The debate is continuing to identify the root cause of the anthropogenic mass extinction. The present communication discusses various anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity loss and explains the on-going sixth mass extinction using Garrett Hardin's “the tragedy of the commons”. Such explanations provide options for policy makers and for the people to save the precious biodiversity of our planet. It has been demonstrated that our present consumption of the Net Primary Productivity must be reduced through reducing consumption of food and energy to save the other life forms or the biodiversity. Promotion of sustainable human behaviours to ameliorate the problem of anthropogenic extinction has been discussed in the light of recent findings from neurobiology and molecular biology to give options for solving the problem. Biodiversity conservation through providing benefit to the people may be the effective conservation strategies which would save the interest of human civilizations as well as other life forms on the earth.

In general, human trafficking is a global problem that is very seriously addressed, where the majority of victims are children and women. The research method used is a type of normative juridical source from secondary data by reviewing the legal literature and the Act. The results of the study are the provision of fulfilling the rights of children and women as an effort to form legal protection for children who are victims of crime. Legal protection efforts are children's rights that should be given when becoming victims, namely the rights of children and women to obtain restitution as stipulated in the provisions of the law. The mechanism for submitting and providing restitution for children and women can be carried out based on the laws and regulations that apply, one of which is Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the eradication of criminal acts of trafficking in persons. In addition, there is also a Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 in which the submission of restitution is divided into two stages, namely submitted during the process of investigation and prosecution. In this case, the investigator must be notified to the victim of his compensation rights (restitution), after being told then the victim must submit restitution within three days with the requirements for the application file that has been determined in government regulations