An esthetic smile is a common cosmetic concern in the dental field. Excessive gingival display (EGD), also called gummy smile (GS), is one of the main complaints related to an unsatisfying dental smile; it is said to be present when the gingival display exceeds 4 mm. The dental smile is achieved by a harmonious relationship between the size, shape, arrangement, and color of the anterior teeth; lip framework; and gingival contour. Altered passive eruption (AEP) is characterized by short square-shaped teeth occuring when the gingiva covers the crown of the teeth excessively. Altered passive eruption is one of the causes of GS along with maxillary lip length, bony maxillary excess, hyperactive upper lip, anterior dentoalveolar extrusion, and vertical maxillary excess. There are various options for periodontal management of EGD, such as surgical or laser gingivectomy, esthetic crown lengthening, forced eruption, lip repositioning surgery, use of Botox, or a combination of these. The aim of this paper is to review main etiologies and for proper diagnosis before the clinician can settle on the management. Dental professionals should also outline the principles of an acceptable esthetic smile, which should be the target of each GS correction procedure.

Soft tissue repair following injury can be very challenging for a reconstructive surgeon. The goals of management of facial trauma are the preservation of form and function. The management of facial soft-tissue trauma is particularly critical where injuries can cause not only esthetic deformities but also can affect neural function, normal mastication, visual fields, and salivary outflow. Special consideration must be given to injuries of functional structures such as the facial nerve, ductal systems or organs, and ensuring appropriated management of these structures. This article discusses on few case report and a review of literature pertaining to facial soft tissue injuries.

Introduction: There are various methods for dental rehabilitation but osseointegrated oral implants are now a days one of the most successful method to restore oral esthetics and function. But still immediate implants are often deferred or avoided at a site where infection is present because of the fear of failure. Recent experimental studies and updated literature have shown that with meticulous socket debridement and prophylactic use of antibiotics, successful outcome can be achieved for implants placed in infected socket. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this present study was to evaluate the feasibility of immediately placed dental implant into infected and debrided dentoalveolar socket and Clinico radiographic evaluation to assess the osseointegration of immediately placed dental implants. Materials and Method: A total of Twelve implants were placed in 10 patients reporting to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute Sunam. All implants were immediately placed following extraction of tooth having periapical pathology where the extraction socket was thoroughly debrided and curetted to remove any granulation tissue and necrotic bone from the socket and treated with clindamycin prior to implant placement. Patients were examined on 1st day, 7th day, 1 month and 3 months post-operatively. Results: The various parameters evaluated included pain, inflammation, infection/suppuration, detectable implant mobility and periimplant radiolucency. Where pain, inflammation and infection was evaluated at 1st day, 7th day, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively and implant mobility and periimplant radiolucency was checked at 3rd month after implant surgery. None of the implants failed during the healing or follow-up period in our study. No peri-implant complications were seen either. Conclusion: It can be concluded that successful immediate implant placement in infected dentoalveolar socket depends upon the meticulous debridement of alveolar socket and controlled regeneration of alveolar defect.

Radicular cyst is the most common odontogenic cystic lesion of inflammatory origin. It is also known as periapical cyst, apical periodontal cyst, root end cyst, or dental cyst. It arises from epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament as a result of inflammation. This condition is usually asymptomatic but can result in a slow-growth tumefaction in the affected region. Radiographically, the archetypal description of the lesion is a round or oval, well circumscribed radiolucent image involving the apex of the infected tooth. In the management of these lesions the endodontic treatment only is not sufficient and it should be associated with surgical management. This paper presents a case of endodontics cum surgical management of large radicular cyst in the maxillary anterior region with complete resorption of maxillary nasal floor.

Repair of a bilateral cleft lip deformity is challenging yet rewarding. Many surgeons find it hard to achieve results comparable to those of unilateral repairs. Poorly planned surgeries can leave noticeable residual deformities. There is a combination of genetic and environmental factors that may affect development of cleft lip in weeks 4 to 10 of gestation. Bilateral cleft lip and palate is recognized by the presence of a central echodense mass in the region of the upper lip. This mass is known as the premaxillary protrusion and it represents abnormal alveolar and gingival tissue due to uninhibited growth of the premaxilla caused by lack of continuity of the bony, gingival and lip structures. This case report is going to throw light on the unique surgical technique for severly prominent premaxilla in bilateral cleft lip and palate using reductive ostectomy on the vomero-premaxillary suture.

Background: Leukaemia is a complex form of blood malignancy characterized by a high mortality rate, despite significant improvement in cancer treatments. The consumption of fruits and vegetables are inversely related to the incidence and mortality of cancer, as a result of the high level of polyphenols found in some fruits that has been reported to be potentially chemotherapeutic and having a considerable effect on haematological malignancies. Objectives: To explore the effect of Imatinib, Doxorubicin, and/or polyphenols (emodin, rhein, apigenin and cis-stilbene) on the proliferation, and apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid leukaemia cells compared to non-tumour cells. Methods: one myeloid (K562), one lymphoid (CCRF-CEM), a leukaemia cell line and one non-tumour normal cell line (CD133) were treated with Imatinib, Doxorubicin, and/or different doses of polyphenols. The activity of leukaemia cell proliferation was assessed by Cell Titer-Glo® luminescent assay; the morphological changes of apoptosis, which includes DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation, were detected by DAPI staining. Results: Emodin, cis-stilbene, apigenin and rhein showed different levels of effect on inhibition of ATP level and inducing apoptosis in K562 myeloid cells, CCRF-CEM lymphoid cells and CD133+ normal cells when these types of polyphenols used separately and combined with Imatinib or Doxorubicin. Generally, the CCRF-CEM lymphoid leukaemia cell line was more sensitive to polyphenol treatments alone and when combined with Doxorubicin compared to the K562 myeloid leukaemia cell line and CD133+ non-tumour cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that polyphenols have different effects according to the type of cell and polyphenol. The variant effect between leukaemia cells and non-tumour cell suggests that polyphenols are a potentially therapeutic agent for leukaemia. Polyphenols can enhance the effect of chemotherapy and reduce the required dose to induce cell death in cancer cells.

The word “cosmetics” actually stems from its use in Ancient Rome. They were typically produced by female slaves known as “cosmetae,” which is where the word “cosmetics” stemmed from. Cosmetics are used to enhance appearance. Makeup has been around for many centuries. The first known people who used cosmetics to enhance their beauty were the Egyptians. Makeup those days was just simple eye coloring or some material for the body. Now-a-days makeup plays an important role for both men and women. In evolutionary psychology, social competition of appearance strengthens women’s desires for ideal beauty. According to “The Origin of Species”, humans have evolved to transfer genes to future generations through sexual selection that regards the body condition of ideal beauty as excellent fertility. Additionally, since women’s beauty has recently been considered a competitive advantage to create social power, a body that meets the social standards of a culture could achieve limited social resources. That's right, even men have become more beauty conscious and are concerned about their looks. Cosmetics can be produced in the organic and hypoallergenic form to meet the demands of users. Makeup is used as a beauty aid to help build up the self-esteem and confidence of an individual. The importance of cosmetics has increased as many people want to stay young and attractive. Cosmetics are readily available today in the form of creams, lipstick, perfumes, eye shadows, nail polishes, hair sprays etc. Other cosmetics like face powder give glow to the skin after applying the base cream. Then we have lipsticks, which are applied by many women of all ages. They are made from wax and cocoa butter in the desired amount. Cosmetics like creams, gels, and colognes are used on a daily basis by both women and men. Creams act as a cleanser for the face in many circumstances. More recently anti-ageing creams have been manufactured which can retain younger looking skin for many years. The best cleansing agents are cleansing cream, soap and water. Cosmetic creams serve as a skin food for hard, dry and chapped skin. It mainly lubricates, softens and removes unwanted dirt from the skin. Some popular fat creams that are used include Vaseline and Lanolin. ...

Background: Acute onset seizure is one of the common causes of childhood hospitalization with significant mortality and morbidity. There is limited data regarding acute seizures episodes and its outcome from developing countries. Current study aims to find the common etiology of seizure and classify seizure types in various age groups. It was also aimed to find outcome in relation to diagnosis, abnormal imaging, EEG and requirement of monotherapy or polytherapy. Material and Method: This was a hospital based prospective study carried out in the department of Pediatrics, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital from June 2016 to May 2017. Children aged 1 month to 12 years presented with acute onset seizure were enrolled. Variables collected were demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory tests, brain imaging, elect- roencephalography, diagnosis and therapy. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 16.0 (SPSS Inc ; Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 491 patients were admitted for acute onset seizure with 289(58.8%) males and 202(41%) females. Among these patient 280(57%) presented with fever and 55(10.9%) children presented with status epilepticus. Generalised onset tonic clonic was the most common seizure type, central nervous system infection was the most common etiology in all the age groups. Final outcome was made at the time of discharge as discharged without sequelae, dischaeged with sequelae and death. Patient with CNS infection had highest mortality. Conclusion: CNS infection and febrile seizure were common cause of seizure in fewer than 5 children. Group of children presenting with unprovoked seizure require long term follow up studies including neurophysiologic studies and neuroimaging for better understanding of childhood seizure disorder in developing countries.

Intra-uterine copper devices (IUCD) are one of the most widely used reversible contraceptive methods used in India due to its lost cost, easy availability and long duration of action. However it is associated with few complications, one of the most important among which is uterine perforation and IUCD migration. IUCD might migrate into abdominal cavity, intestine and very rarely into the urinary bladder. Authors hereby report a rare case of 35 years old woman who presented with suprapubic pain since 1 month and found to have lost Copper T in the urinary bladder, which was inserted 14 years back postpartum. Laparotomy with cystotomy was done and complete IUCD was retrieved from wall and cavity of bladder successfully. Authors hereby review the literature regarding migrated IUCD found in the urinary bladder

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of corrugated rubber and tube drains in the management of Ludwig’s angina patients. This retrospective comparative study was designed for patients with Ludwig’s angina that presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin teaching hospital, Nigeria between June 2008 and July 2018. Data collected from the case notes of the patients were age, gender, type of surgical drain, airway compromise, length of hospital stay, and retreatment. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with SPSS Version 17(SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). All tests were 2-sided and P-Value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the 55 patients studied, 32 (57.3%) had plastic tube drains while 23 (42.7%) had corrugated rubber drains. Their ages ranged from 19-72 years with a mean ± SD of 42.1 ± 13.7 years. There was significant higher incidence of airway compromise in patients that had corrugated rubber drains compared to those that had plastic tube drains inserted(P=0.03). However, the type of drain inserted was not an independent predictor of the presence of airway compromise in our patients. There were no significant differences between the two groups as regard retreatment and length of hospital stay. The insertion of open tube drain is as effective as the conventional corrugated rubber drain as it could decrease complications and improve the prognosis for patients with Ludwig’s angina.

The main purpose of this study is to study the basics of Social media and financial services, analyse the role of social media in the promotion of financial services and to determine the perception of people using the social media and financial services about the role of social media in the promotion of financial services. The present research is conclusive, descriptive and based on single cross sectional design. Quantitative data was generated to test the research hypotheses. In order to collect data on various dimensions of the study, a research instrument was used the sample of study is limited to those people who are aware of social media and are familiar with financial services. Respondents were personally contacted and the questionnaire was administered to them. 113 filled questionnaires were received. It has been found that the most of the people prefer financial services which are advertised through social media irrespective of their Gender, Occupation and Monthly income. But their preferences vary according to their age groups. The test shows us that people in the age group of 36-40 highly prefer the financial services which are advertised through social media while the people in above 40 years age group do not prefer them much

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen worldwide with large disease burden. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is prevalent in hospital care settings and community. Timely diagnosis and treatment is essential to avert further complications of this infection as compared to Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from pus samples in a tertiary care hospital and to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of MRSA isolates. Methodology: A cross sectional study which was done in a tertiary care hospital from Jan 2018-June 2018. Various clinical specimens were cultured and staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified using standard biochemical tests and CLSI guidelines. Results: Out of 1090 pus samples processed 597 were growth positive and among these 196 were gram positive. Out of 196 gram positive isolates 119 were staphylococcus aureus of which 56 were MRSA & 63 were MSSA. All MRSA isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid and moderate sensitivity to Gentamicin and Co-trimoxazole. Conclusion: In hospital setting MRSA infection cause of worry due to resistance to commonly prescribed drugs. Regular surveillance and robust Antimicrobial stewardship can help to limit these infections.

This study aims to determine the effect of Diversification, Intellectual Capital and Business Risk on Firm Value. This research is a causal study with a quantitative descriptive approach with the object of research on companies - companies included in LQ 45 that are on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in Jakarta. The research data is secondary data obtained from looking at the financial statements of existing companies included in LQ 45. The variables of this study consist of independent variables consisting of three variables namely Diversification, Intellectual Capital and Business Risk. And one dependent variable is Corporate Value. The results of this study indicate that Business Diversification and Risk has an effect on company value. While Intellectual Capiral has no effect.

Background: Many patients diagnosed with autoimmune connective tissue disease cannot be categorised easily into one of the established clinical entities such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, or systemic sclerosis. The term overlap syndrome is used to identify such patient and is useful in terms of clarifying prognosis and facilitating disease management. Methods: This was a retrospective study of the patients diagnosed with connective tissue diseases. The study was done among patients attending the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in the South Western Nigeria. The study spanned from July 2013 to June 2016. Data on clinical characteristics, diagnosis, age at onset of disease, and gender were extracted from their files. Results: Five hundred and two patients attended the rheumatology outpatient clinic over the study period. There were 41(8.2%) cases of connective tissue disease. Systemic lupus erythematosus constituted 29.3%, undifferentiated connective tissue disease 19.5%, and scleroderma 14.6%. Others were secondary Sjogren's syndrome 14.6% and overlap syndrome 7.3%. There were 3 overlap syndromes and all were females. A case of rheumatoid arthritis/systemic lupus erythematosus (RA/SLE), SLE/polymyositis, and Scleroderma/Polymyositis. Patients were aged 18 to 64 years, and the mean age was 42±5 years. Female constituted 85.4% of the total population with a female to male ratio of 5.8:1. Conclusion: There is the need to detect an overlap syndrome early. An early classification will guide the management plan of such patients. The traditional high dose steroid for the treatment of SLE and inflammatory muscle disease may be hazardous in overlap syndromes.

A recent issue on Analytical Chemistry laboratory teaching has been on the inability to conduct individual experimentation due to large class sizes and the inadequacy of reagents and equipment in school laboratories. Questions are focused on whether learners develop understanding and attitude when they are not physically involved in physical manipulations. To contribute to this topic, this study exhausted literature involving inquiry demonstration on students’ understanding and attitude. Empirical studies showed that inquiry demonstration enhances students’ understanding and attitude compared to the traditional lecture. However, laboratory work has an advantage in terms of technical and manipulative skills. Throughout the years role-playing, video recordings, and virtual laboratories have been explored in Analytical Chemistry, but there had been no study with the use of inquiry demonstration in this field. This paper suggests that inquiry demonstration is a promising approach with the nature of Analytical Chemistry laboratory and to address the issue of inability to do laboratory work