Background: Occupational safety and health is concerned with protecting the health, safety and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. It is a duty of every employer to ensure that all its employees remain safe at all times in order to boast its production activities. Objective: The study assessed the supply, use of personal protective equipment and factors that may affect its usage. Methods: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. There were 250 respondents from registered medium scale manufacturing industries in Anambra State. The sample was selected using a multistage sampling technique. The number of respondents from each factory was allocated proportionately according to size of the individual factors. Data was collected from October 2013 to May 2014. A pretested interviewer administered question was used. Analysis was done using statistical packages for social sciences version 20. Level of significance was set at 5%. Result: The supply of personal protective equipment was low as only hand gloves was always supplied (100%) while face mask and ear plug was never supplied. Use of personal protective equipment was assessed as never used, sometimes used or always used. More respondents have never used most of the personal protective equipment as 83.2%, 21%, 70.7%, 77%, 77.7%, 79.9%, 73.2% have never used helmets, hand gloves, goggles, safety boots, face marks, ear plug and apron respectively. The workers reported inadequate knowledge of use of personal protective equipment (42.4%) and unavailability of equipment as the major reason for poor use of personal protective equipment. Conclusion: The poor use of personal protective equipment, result from poor knowledge of its applicability and lack of the personal protective equipment. Recommendation: Government and relevant agencies should set up laws and enforce the supply of personal protective equipment by management of factories. Factories should employ a factory inspector who will enforce the compulsory use and also educate employees on the use and benefits of usage.

Hypertension (HTN) is an asymptomatic easily detectable chronic cardiovascular disorder which can cause coronary heart diseases, stroke and other complications. The relationship between trace elements and cardiovascular diseases is under investigation and showed conflicting results.In this study levels of magnesium, copper, zinc, iron in hypertensives were estimated and compared with normal healthy controls. A case control study was undertaken over a period of 6 months included 100 individuals aged between 25-65 years. 50 cases were hypertensive patients free from diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, any other chronic diseases, while 50 normal healthy subjects were controls. In both the groups, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum magnesium, copper, zinc and iron levels were obtained. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum copper, zinc was significantly high (p value <0.05) and magnesium, iron levels were significantly low in hypertensives. Excess free radicals, increased stress has been implicated in the etio-pathogenesis of hypertension. Copper and iron increase the levels of free radicals acting as a pro-oxidant leading to increased peripheral vascular resistance and hypertension. Increased zinc can be due to intracellular increase in renal zinc favoring the activity of carbonic anhydrase and causing an effect opposite to that of some diuretics. Elevated zinc leads to high sympathetic nervous activity. Decreased magnesium potentiates vasoconstriction and increase vascular tone leading to hypertension. We conclude that there exists a relationship between serum magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and hypertension but, further large-scale population studies should be undertaken to establish the role of various trace elements in hypertension

Rancidity of several anti-psoriatic drugs of AYUSH (Ayurveda & Siddha) were studied and the ill effects of acid value was established by free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide inhibition, anti-glycation, anti-angiogenesis and fibroblast toxicity. Our findings clearly show that rancidity not only produced severe side effects but also modified the therapeutic constituents from herbal source thus making the Ayush preparations more harmful to the psoriatic patients than as remedial. Several anti-psoriatic oils were compared with Dr. JRK’s 777 oil and Psorolin oil. Findings clearly show that the Dr. JRK’s 777 oil and Psorolin oil is the best, safe and effective drug for psoriasis than many other Ayush oils available in the market. Details are presented in the paper.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental disorder. It’s a rare congenital and the most common human forebrain malformation, occurs in 1 in 250 fetuses and 1 in 16,000 live births. Occurring due to incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon. It is seen between the 18th and the 28th day of gestation. It is affecting face and forebrain and is associated with multiple midline facial anomalies. Herewith we report an antenatal case of such patient. Patient was evaluated and because of the lethal anomalous fetus, induction was done which led to a stillborn baby. The focus of this article will be on the pathophysiology of findings visible in fetal manifestation of the HPE spectrum.

This paper presents human action recognition by using shape and texture based DMM-Haar features where collaborative representation classifier is adopted for action classification. In this study, we have introduced effective feature extraction technique based on Depth Motion Maps (DMMs) and Haar wavelet transformation, where different actions can be represented with a range of features. Firstly, we have calculated three DMMs such as DMM front view, top view and side view from 3D action video sequences as the shape features. After that, we have utilized Haar wavelet on the DMMs generated images to extract texture information and concatenated all features as a feature matrix. We have utilized principal component analysis for reducing the feature dimensions of the feature matrix. Finally, l2 normed based collaborative representative classification technique is adopted to classify different actions. For this research, we have analyzed the effects of the DMM-Haar features on experimental basis with DMM features based results. The performance study of the proposed method is comparable with the state-of-the-art methods to recognize human action on the publicly available Microsoft Research Action 3D dataset.

The emergence of e-commerce has changed the way and manner people conducted their business transactions, this revolutionary way of conducting business has since broken down the geographical boundaries of the market, where people originally visited markets to buy and sell. The common law has laid down many principles on the traditional mode of commerce or contract, hence there is need to determine whether such framework principles apply to e-commerce. Therefore, this paper intend to examine the applicability of the common law framework and principle on e-commerce and proffer solution to some of the problems of implementing e-commerce.

The relevance of common ground is of utmost significance in the production and interpretation of literary plays, especially, those of African refracted universes. However, much as the contribution is to linguistic scholarship, little has been done in this direction, especially on the plays of Ahmed Yerima. Applying the relevance and common ground principles, therefore, this study sets out to investigate how the principles enhance the production and reader‟s interpretation of Ahmed Yerima‟s perspectives in Ajagunmale, so selected because it is rich in data. We found out that with the notion of relevance and common ground, Yerima effectively selects such lexical items of idioms, personal pronouns, proverbs and wise-sayings in the constructions of utterances of his characters in Ajagunmale, thereby aiding our easy understanding of Ahmed Yerima‟s perspectives in the play. A study of the relevance of common ground therefore significantly enhances our interpretation of the use of language and authorial perspective in the play, and could also be useful if applied to other Ahmed Yerima‟s plays as well as other African refracted universes.

Cervical tuberculosis is a rare pathology, which can clinically mimick cervical cancer. Patients are paucisymptomatic and the disease is characterized by an insidious evolution, hence the delay in diagnosis. Common symptoms are non-specific contributing to therapeutic delay. The biopsy re-establishes the right diagnosis. The treatment is medical. The prognosis is primarily the infertility which is perhaps inevitable due to frequent associated general genital tuberculosis. We report a case of tuberculosis of the cervix whose diagnosis given first wasn't obvious. Indeed, a patient was referred to our training for suspicion of cervical cancer. Suspected diagnosis of cancer was then retained based on the presence of vaginal bleeding on contact. Biopsy was indicated in order to confirm the diagnosis histologically. Anatomo-pathological examination objectified epitheliogigantocellular granuloma with caseous necrosis, supporting cervical tuberculosis. The patient received TB treatment which led to healing. Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the cervix is often based on presumptive elements, hence the importance of anatomo-pathological examination

Pituitary abscess is a rare, but potentially life-threatening condition unless promptly diagnosed and treated, and it accounts for less than 1% of all pituitary diseases, few cases have then been published in the literature, the majority of this cases are diagnosed either post mortem or post operatively. Pituitary abscesses may occur in a normal pituitary gland in 70% of cases (primary types), or secondary to a preexisting lesion. We report a successfully managed case of a 66-year-old woman. We discuss the pathogenicity, the morphologic and radiologic criteria suggestive of this unusual infection of pituitary region and also treatment options

It is believed that Michel Foucault‟s Madness and Civilization explores the history of madness and the relationship between reason and unreason. In his book, the unreason or madness can‟t be defined clearly. He thinks people have different cognitions and attitudes to madness in different periods of civilization. The relationship between reason and unreason changes over time. They are not opposed at the beginning instead they impact each other in life and work. In English novels, there are many descriptions of madwomen. Jean Rhys‟ Wide Sargasso Sea is the prelude of Charlotte Bronte‟s Jean Eyre. “The mad woman in the attic” in Jane Eyre is Antoinette in Wide Sargasso Sea. There are many reasons for the madness of Antoinette. What caused her madness can be interpreted well with Foucault‟s madness theory. This paper tries to prove that Antoinette‟s madness is the tragedy of racialism and colonialism and give suggestions to the construction of unreason in the human civilization.

Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are being used widely by athletes and gym attendees to augment their physical appearance and enhance performance. The abuse of AAS has serious and irreversible health risks. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of AAS use, assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and describe the associated factors of AAS use to improve the general health of adult male fitness centres attendees. Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Fitness centres in Bahrain. Method: A total of 235 fitness centres were obtained and only 94 fitness centres met the inclusion criteria. Adult males aged 18-65 years old who attended fitness centres during October 2017 were targeted. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 20 randomly selected fitness centres covering the 4 governorates. Result: Four hundred forty six males were included. The prevalence of AAS use was 14.6%, the highest result was 26.4% found in Muharraq governorate. The majority of AAS users were Bahrainis (17.8%) and aged 30–39 years old (17.9%). Both AAS users and non-users had low knowledge score. Regarding the harmful effects of AAS, 18% of AAS users thought AAS use is bad for health. The most common route of AAS use was the combination of injectable and oral route (63.5%). Significant association was found between AAS use and the use of other supplements such as growth hormones, proteins and amino acid, smoking and energy drink consumption (P=0.05)

A 3 year old Nigerian local breed dog weighing 15kg was presented with signs of lacrimation, drooling salivation and weakness. The owner gave diazintol® bath to the dog and later observed the dog salivating. Clinical evaluation showed temperature, pulse and respiratory rates of 39.7oC, 99 beats/min and 62 cycles/min respectively. Haematological analysis showed PCV of 38% and the case was managed as a case of organophosphate poisoning

Oxyuriasis is an intestinal parasitosis, frequent, strictly human, caused by a cosmopolitan roundworm: Enterobius vermicularis. Pinworms are mainly localized in intestine but can sometimes be found in the female genitalia, even if it is rare. Our case is a young man of 32 who has an anterior history of inconstant anal pruritus but and who presented a pruriginous and painless subcutaneous nodule and who benefited from an excisional biopsy whose pathological examination revealed the presence of sections of nematodes corresponding to female pinworms within a fibro-fatty tissue. Oxyuriasis is mainly intestinal, sometimes with an uro-genital location, especially in women, but no case has been described at the subcutaneous level, hence the interest of this work in revealing new possible locations of this parasitosis

A simple and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for the determination of rifampicin (RIF) in human plasma was developed and validated. Using hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) as an internal standard, separation was achieved on Atlantis dC18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.01 M monobasic sodium phosphate and acetonitrile (60:40, v:v) and delivered at a flow rate of 1 ml/minute. RIF and HCT were extracted from plasma using methyl tert-butyl ether and dichloromethane (70:30%, v:v) and monitored using photodiode array detector set at 337 nm. Relationship between RIF concentration and peak height ratio of RIF to HCT was linear over the range of 0.3-25 μg/ml. Coefficient of variation and bias were ≤9.7% and ≤6.0%, respectively. Mean extraction recovery of RIF and HCT was 95% and 90%, respectively. Stability of RIF in extracted (24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at -20 °C) and unprocessed (24 hours at room temperature, 8 weeks at -20 °C, or 3 freeze-thaw cycles) samples was ≥91%.

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the local anesthetic activity of Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium extract as well as to formulate a topical local anesthetic gel containing the extract to be used for human. Methods: The local anesthetic activity was assessed using the intradermal wheal method in eighteen guinea pigs divided into three groups, six in each group. Pain response was elicited by gentle pinprick. Two concentrations (1.0 and 0.3mg/ml) of lidocaine were injected intradermally into the left and right dorsal flank of the animal respectively to form wheals, which were encircled with a marker. Similarly, two concentrations (100 and 50mg/ml) of the plant extract were injected into the left and right dorsal flank respectively of another group. Normal saline was injected into the control group. The encircled areas were each pricked with a pin 6 times at 5 minutes interval for 30 minutes starting with zero-time before the injection. To confirm the animal study, prepared gels of the plant extract (1%) and lidocaine (1%) were applied on two groups each containing 6 human volunteers, and the local anesthetic activity was assessed. Results: The plant extracts exhibited a local anesthetic activity on guinea pigs. Comparable results were also observed of the local anesthetic activities of both topical gels prepared from the plant extract or lidocaine in human. No adverse effects were observed either in animals or in human. Conclusions: Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium extract possesses a local anesthetic activity in both animals and human