This research was conducted to examine the effect of earning per share, liquidity, investment opportunity set (IOS) on dividend payout ratio in consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia stock exchange. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of earnings per share, liquidity, investment opportunity set (IOS) on the consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia stock exchange in 2015-2017. The sample used was 12 consumer goods industry companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange for the period 2015-2017. This study uses purposive sampling. The research data is taken from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study uses the panel regression. The results of this study are investment opportunity sets (IOS) that apply negatively to dividend payout ratio (DPR). While the EPS and CR variables do not affect dividend payout ratio. The author advises investors to pay attention to information taken by companies in making decisions.

Background and Objectives: MTA is the material of choice for Pulp capping, Apexogenesis, Apexification, Perforation repair and as well as for Root end filling. In this in vitro study, different mixing reagents were tested and their effect on the compressive strength, at different pH, was evaluated when MTA was mixed, individually with each of them. Materials and Method: A total 40 samples were prepared, 10 samples each for four mixing reagents. MTA (white) was mixed with four mixing reagents and condensed into split thickness molds after which it was allowed to set for 72 hours. After removing the samples from mold, samples were kept in freshly prepared Phosphate buffer saline solution at different pH (5.0 and 7.0) for 7 days after which they were removed from PBS and dried overnight before testing with Universal Testing Machine for compressive strength. Results were statistically analysed. Results: There was no significant difference found in compressive strength when comparison was done between sterile water and 1% Sodium hypochlorite at pH 7.0 and at pH 5.0. Within group comparison revealed, minimum changes in compressive strength with change in pH from 5 to 7 in Group I (MTA + Sterile water) while maximum was obtained in Group II (MTA + Metrogyl). In Group III (MTA + Sodium hypochlorite), a decrease in compressive strength was seen as pH decreased; however, the difference between pH 5 and 7 was not statistically different. Conclusion: All the groups tested showed a good compressive strength except MTA + Chlorhexidine group which did not set even after 7 days and amongst the group, MTA + Metrogyl exhibited better compressive strength. No significant difference was found at pH 5.0 and 7.0 among the group.

The aim of this study was to find out the philosophical values for the judge constitutional court in implementing the principle of shame (principle al-haya’) as a review of Indonesian impeachment. This research uses the method of (nomative legal research), namely: a research that is done with the purpose to find the principles and philosophical basis (dogma or doctrine) of positive law, and the research of legal discovery in concreto that is appropriate to solve a case law such as the impeachment of the president in his profession using the pricple of al-haya’. This research approach used in this research is statute approach, conseptual, historical approach, comparative approach, and philoshopy approach. Data types and sources, namely primary sources or outhorities, secondary sources or authorites, and tertiary sources or authorites. The result of this research, formally juridical Implementation of the principle of al-haya’ as a review of the impeachment of the Indonesian President by a Constitutional Court judge (MK-RI) based on the provisions of Article 5 juncto Article 10 of act Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning philosophical power to fill in the incompleteness, obscurity and emptiness of legal norms in the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution and establish a national legal system. Technically, by the judges of the Constitutional Court (MK-RI) can be approached through the legal reasoning of induction and deduction. The method of implementation on shame principle (principle of Al-haya’) by the judges of the Constitutional Court (MK-RI) was done by deductive advance, means that the principle of specialty is devoted again to the legal field is concerned, the new rules do basically the deduction of law is concerned. Then deducted again into the substantive rules, and rules deducted longer be the case. After that is done in the case of the implementation of the rules of concrete case by the judge.

This research, considering Tobin's Q as a proxy for market valuation, determines the factors relevant in firm valuation in Indian equity markets. The study observes that Tobin’s Q is a sound measure for judging the firms' valuation in both intrinsic and market terms. OLS based multiple regression models find the financial leverage and ROI as significant determinants of market valuations in India. However, the degree of impact of these firms financials on Tobin's Q is time varying and inconsistent.

Our study is based on a retrospective analysis of 18 cases of fibroma and pregnancy association in the maternity of CHU HASSAN II Fez MOROCCO over a period from 2014 to 2018 and whose purpose is to study maternal and fetal morbidity during fibroid association and pregnancy and to remind the therapeutic attitude vis-à-vis fibroids during pregnancy. The frequency of this association is 0.37%. It occurs mainly in women older than 30 years. Primiparous most often. In 61, 11% the diagnosis of fibroma was made for the first time during the pregnancy. Aseptic necrobiosis relatively frequent, accounting for 22.22% of all complications, it has evolved well under medical treatment. Although dystocic presentations, premature rupture of membranes, miscarriages and threats of premature delivery are frequently encountered, pregnancy is in most cases around the term. The delivery took place in 47.05% by Caesarean. The maternal and fetal prognosis is excellent. Treatment remains based on abstinence and regular clinical and ultrasound monitoring. Myomectomy during pregnancy is to be reserved for the torsion of pedicled fibroma and necrobiosis resistant to medical treatment. The association fibroid and pregnancy is not rare, the complications are frequent hence its membership in the lot of high-risk pregnancies. Early detection of complications and prevention of delivery hemorrhage would reduce maternal and fetal morbidity.

The model law as a basis for e-commerce is not a law and therefore not binding on member states, but rather an important international instrument that provide the basis for electronic transaction. Therefore, arties are expected to enact their ecommerce legislation by adopting a unified standard in line with model law. However, there are conventions and treaties on e-commerce convention that parties are expected to ratify and domesticate. The focal point of this paper is on the major international instruments on e-commerce, the paper will further address some of the challenges face and proffer solutions on how to improve e commerce.

homes in their country for one reason or the other. This issue has assumed a significant dimension of great concern all over the world with the African sub-region being the highest victim. Internally Displaced Persons face grave dangers in their home countries as they are vulnerable economically, psychologically socially, religiously and even politically. Apart from the pronounced refugees, they constitute a major group of the vulnerable persons. They could be referred to as “refugees” in their home country. The only difference between them and the refugees is that they are still within the geographical circumference of their nationality. Economically, their means of livelihood is cut off either as farmers, fishermen, or petty traders, or artisans; psychologically and socially, they are not in good frame of mind and have lost their natural homestead and habitation, cut off from their traditional and cultural environment, distanced from their gods and deities and therefore cannot worship their gods; from the political point of view, their civil rights and obligations are even denied sometimes may be not deliberately but because of the circumstances of relocation to areas where it may not be convenient for them to exercise such rights. In Africa generally and in particular Nigeria, the issue of IDPs has become a common phenomenon and of great concern to both the government and voluntary organizations. This paper which will concentrate on Nigeria will examine the causes of displacement of people in Nigeria, the efforts made by the Government as well as legal/institutional framework for the protection of IDPs, and how far the efforts of Government have helped in alleviating the plight of IDPs. Some recommendations are made as part of the concluding remarks.

At present, it is clear evidence that many students are conversant with digital devices in their learning activities. However, some teachers are facing problems of using digital devices in their teaching activities. For that reason, applying computer/ICT devices could assist instructors in improving their job performance which in turn, enhances students’ learning achievement. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of teachers’ computer literacy on their job performance. The specific objectives were: to determine the level of teachers’ computer literacy; to determine the level of teachers’ job performance; to examine the relationship between teachers’ computer literacy and their job performance; and to determine the impact of computer literacy on teachers’ performance. This study employed quantitative method survey design using questionnaires as instruments. Systematic random sampling technique was used in this study. A total of 185 teachers from senior secondary schools in Danko-Wasagu Local Government Area were involved as respondents. Data was analyzed using percentage distribution, mean value, correlation Pearson product moment, and multiple regression method. Findings showed that the level of teachers’ job performance is high; the level of teachers’ computer literacy is high; there exist a relationship between teachers’ computer literacy and their job performance; and that teachers’ computer literacy was a positive predictor of their performance. Conclusively, in order to increase teachers’ job performance, it is necessary to promote teachers’ access to computers/internet, knowledge and skills of operating computers as well as their attitudes towards using digital devices.

Background: Spleen is an essential organ due to its significant role in immunological and haematological functions of the body. Splenic notches on various borders establish the lobulation of the spleen in early life. Aim: To study the morphological and morphometric parameters of the spleen in aborted foetuses Materials and Methods: 30 foetal spleen specimens (Male-14; Female-16) of both sexes from 12-40 weeks of gestational age were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal. The morphometric parameters like length, width, thickness and weight of the foetal spleen were measured and recorded Results: The incidence of wedge shape was 23 (76.66%), the pyramidal shape was 6(20%), and leaf-shaped was 1(3.33%). The incidence of the single notch was observed in 19 (63.33%), two notches in 9(30%), and three notches in 2(6.66%) specimens were found in the present study. The parameters like length, width, thickness, and weight of the fetal spleen were increased in relation to the gestational age in the present study. Conclusion: The present study acknowledges the anatomical and morphological basis of the spleen may be helpful for the surgeons while doing partial splenectomy in the removal of the affected segment by ligating the segmental branch of the splenic artery.

Teachers as educators and teachers in order to achieve the mission of education required to further improve its expertise and creative in implementing the learning process in the classroom. As educators and teachers, teachers must have the ability to tackle the problem of learners in a sustainable manner through approaches, methods, and techniques as well as appropriate learning strategies that can increase the potential of the learners optimally. The subject is related to the Natural Sciences (IPA) the learning process carried out by the science teachers are still not actively engage learners and able to think critically. The learning model PBL (Problem Based Learning) offers to teachers in the learning process so that learners are motivated to have the ability to suss out problems in the real situation.

Incthe present study, carried out on the Hammam Boughrara dam (impounded in 1999), a number of phosphorus balance models were applied, namely, Vollenweider (1969), Dillon and Rigler (1975), Walker (1977), Reckhow (1977) and Ostrofsky (1978) models. In order to take into account, the rate of gradual submergence of flooded surfaces which is ordinarily characterized by an important increase in the trophic status as a result of endogenous inputs of phosphorus by leaching we have tried to adapt the Ostrofsky model (1978) to the reality of studied dam, by adding a new dimension. The obtained results show that the proposed model seems relevant.

Objective: This study aimed to perform a systematic review, in order to investigate the effects of a non-pharmacological therapy (TENS) in cancer pain through clinical trials. Methods: 208 studies were identified in those databases, after title and abstract analysis, 198 studies were excluded. A total of 10 studies were selected for full-text analysis. Six papers were excluded based on exclusion criteria, resulting in 4 studies included for this systematic review. Standardized forms were used for analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with the “Cochrane Collaboration” tool, which assess five different domains. Results: Selected studies were randomized clinical trials that investigated the use and/or feasibility of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on patients suffering from cancer-related pain. However, studies had a high divergence regarding sample, methodological design, treatment parameters, and outcomes assessed. Two studies, one involving pain related to breast cancer treatment and other investigating TENS on palliative care, showed no difference from placebo. Other two manuscripts report positive effects on pain, one on cancer-related bone pain and a second on cancer-related postoperative pain. Conclusion: We concluded that there is no sufficient evidence showing that TENS is effective for treating cancer-related pain. Additional research, with larger sample sizes, sample homogeneity and randomization and that investigate potential side effects is needed for a better assessment of TENS viability for the treatment of cancer-related pain.

Background: Foramen ovale and trigeminal nerve is an important anatomical landmark for the therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. One should have a precise knowledge about it. The aim of this study is to know the exact location and position of trigeminal nerve and foramen ovale at their exit. Material and methods: This study was done in the department of Anatomy, AIIMS, Udaipur on 60 dry skulls obtained from the department and also from some students. Damaged skulls are excluded from this study. Distance from lateral surface of zygomatic arch to the lateral rim of foramen ovale of right (M1R) and left (M1L) are recorded in mm. Distance from antero inferior border of zygomatic bone to the anterior end of foramen ovale of right (M2R) and left (M2L) and bilateral antero posterior and transverse diameter of foramen ovale of right and left side (APR, APL, Tr. R, Tr. L) are recorded in mm with the help of compass and digital vernier calliper. Result: The average distance of M1L and M1R is 41.641 and 41.925mm and M2L and M2R is 51.536 and 51.708mm respectively. Average diameter of APL and APR is 6.47 7.02mm respectively. The average Tr. R is 3.595mm and Tr. L is 3.76mm. Conclusion: The average distance of M1 is 51.622mm M2 is 41.783mm. The average AP diameter is 6.745mm and Tr. diameter is 3.6775mm. With the help of these anthropometric measurements the surgeons can mark the exact location of foramen ovale from surface, prior to operative procedure.

In recent years, researchers have attempted to study the subnormals and imbeciles using a wide variety of paradigms. This reading is an attempt to present a comprehensive synopsis of some current social, medical, psychological and educational attitudes to the mentally subnormals and imbeciles. The paper concludes by arguing that the ambit and precinct of subnormals and imbecility pose some central ethical issues which need to be faced by society thus pointing the way towards plans for the future in this realm of enquiry.

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy n the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves. In term of the earthquake, this study aimed to cluster which areas were the most affected by earthquake occured in Java Province in 2017. The algorithm used in this study was Self Organizing Maps algorithm (SOMs) with Cohonen as a type of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) that is trained using unsupervised learning in decision making. In addition, the clustering results through its algoritm are functioned as a base of determining the eartquake pattern criteria and which areas often occurred in order to be able to mitigate earthquake that causes fatal impacts.