ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
Calculate the Range of Bleeding Assessment Tool Score in Healthy Volunteers (Male and Female) in the State of Uttarakhand
Dr. Ojaswi Mittal, Dr. Mansi Kala, Dr. Sushil Shukla, Dr. Vibha Gupta, Dr. Vikas Shrivastava, Dr. Ashish Jain, Dr. Anuradha Kusum
Page no 303-308 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.4.3
The essential step in the assessment of patients for a probable bleeding disorder is to evaluate the severity of bleeding
symptoms. To improve the compilation and precision of the patients with history of bleeding symptoms, several Bleeding
Assessment Tools (BAT) have been anticipated. A structured questionnaire was approved by the ISTH/SSC-BAT
together in year 2010. In our study, data from 99 normal adults (42 females and 57 males) from Uttarakhand were
analysed this score (ISTH/SSC- BAT). Mean age of the adult population was 29 year. Normal range obtained were 0–3,
0–5 for males and female respectively after removing the outliers. The median BAT score was 0 in adult males and 1 in
adult females. This information may now be used to evaluate the history of bleeding symptoms as a normal or abnormal
in the state of Uttarakhand. We aim to standardize this score system in the population of Uttarakhand in our study and
improve diagnostic accuracy at a low cost and grass root level.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
4G/5G Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Geneis A Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients
Chandra Kala K, Arshiya Begum A, Saradha M, Latha P
Page no 119-125 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i04.003
Background: Prevalence of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in younger age is increasing in worldwide and it has been reported that 60% of AMI in young age is due to genetic causes. SNP inPAI-1 4G/5G plays major role and there is a need to authenticate its effectiveness and sensitivity. The aim of this study is to ascertain SNP in PAI-1 (4G/5G) as an independent biochemical marker for the South Indian young AMI patient’s less than 45 yearsand to find its association with other risk factors of AMI. Methodology: This cross sectional study subjects includes40 Patients aged less than 45 years with AMI withtypical chest pain, ST Elevation in ECG and a rise in serum CK-MB, without any other known risk factorsand age and sex matched 40 control. ARMS-PCR was done with separated DNA. Remaining Serum was used to analyze Urea, HDL, CK-MB and other factors. Finally statistical analysisis done using SPSS-20.0. Result: Statistical analysis showed significant variation of SNP inPAI-1(P ≤ 0.001) between patients and controls. Further, positive significant changeswere observed between patients and controls in Serum Urea: P ≤ 0.001, Serum Glucose: P ≤ 0.04, Serum AST: P ≤ 0.001, Serum CK-MB: P ≤ 0. 001. A significant inverse association was observed in SNP of PAI-1 and Serum HDL. Conclusion: This study confirms the independent association between STEMI and the 4G/5G allele polymorphism among South Indian euthenics and an inverse association of 4G/5G polymorphism with Serum HDL-cholesterol levels.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
Intraoperative Frozen Section versus Permanent Section in Various Histopathological Specimens
Dr. Gurvi Chauhan, Dr. Anita Harsh, Dr. Deepika Hemrajani, Dr. Ajay Yadav
Page no 309-314 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.4.4
Frozen section provides a rapid diagnosis intra or perioperatively that guides the surgeon to make a therapeutic decision
for the patient’s health benefit. The comparison between the frozen section diagnosis and permanent section diagnosis is
an integral part of quality assurance in surgical pathology. This study was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of
frozen section at different anatomic sites assuming histopathology as a gold standard. This prospective cross sectional
study was performed in the Pathology laboratory adjoining the operation theatre and Department of Pathology S.M.S
Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, during a period of 2 years from January 2017 to December 2018. The results of
170 cases of frozen section were compared with their permanent section diagnosis and analysed. A total of 224 frozen
section specimens from 170 cases were studied. The diagnoses were deferred in 4 (1.79%) specimens. Out of remaining
220 specimens, the concordant and discordant diagnostic frequencies were 215 (95.98%) and 5 (2.23%) respectively.
Discrepancies were mainly related to misinterpretation, sampling and technical errors. The overall diagnostic accuracy
was 97.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 92.68%, 98.88%,
95% and 98.33% respectively. The average turn-around time calculated was 20 minutes. Our study concurred that the
frozen section is a rapid, reliable and an accurate technique to guide the surgeons in deciding the best therapeutic
approach for the patients. The accuracy rate can be further improved by regular monitoring of frozen section
performance.
CASE REPORT | April 30, 2019
Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Broad Ligament: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Shenoy S, Thakur N, Shah Sonal P, Suryanarayan U
Page no 98-103 |
10.36348/sijog.2019.v02i04.001
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament is an extremely rare tumor with very few cases reported in literature. We herein report a case of postmenopausal lady, diagnosed pre-operatively on ultrasound and CT as a degenerated fibroid/ ovarian tumor. Post operatively histopathological diagnosis proved to be a leiomyosarcoma. The patient was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy with a dose schedule of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Patient is on monthly follow up since 6 months with no complaints
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
Impact of International Remittances on Private Investments in Nigeria
Okeke Izuchukwu Chetachukwu, Utomi Felix Izuka, Dr. Uju Ezenekwe
Page no 159-166 |
10.21276/sjef.2019.3.4.2
Remittance is one of the key locomotives of economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries because it
serves as development finance needed for investment purposes. This study sheds new light on this question by examining
the impact of remittances on private investment in Nigeria. Data on remittance inflow in Nigeria was retrieved from
World Development indicator. Error correction and Ordinary least squares is applied for this purpose. The result reveals
that remittances increase the rate of private investment in Nigeria and the previous investment is a determinant of the
current investment. It is therefore recommended amongst others remittance-receiving households should be encouraged
to invest remittances in small and medium scale enterprises rather than use it for the consumption of goods and services.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
High Sensitive C – Reactive Protein Level as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases in Sudanese with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obese individuals
Razaz Adil Hassan, Sara Osman Yousif Hamid, Altaf Suleman Mosad Taaha, and Mariam Abbas Ibrahim Abdelghafour
Page no 109-113 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i04.001
Background: There is evidence that support the use of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to monitor cardiovascular risk in diabetic and non diabetic individuals. This study aims to assess hs-CRP level in Sudanese with type 2 diabetes mellitus (D.M) and obese individuals; as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum-Sudan from April to December 2018, 50 diagnosed Sudanese patients with diabetes mellitus attending Alarbaeen hospital in Khartoum state and 50 obese Sudanese individuals were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for cholesterol and hs-CRP levels using Mindray BS-200 automated analyzer. Results: There were no significant differences in hs-CRP and total cholesterol levels in type 2 D.M when compared with obese. Both diabetic patients and obese had high levels of hs-CRP and total cholesterol. hs-CRP and total cholesterol levels revealed no significant difference when male compared with female in type 2 D.M as well as in obese. The majority of the study participants were found to have hs-CRP level more than 3 mg/L, which indicate a high risk to have cardiovascular diseases according to American Heart Association. There was no correlation between hs-CRP levels and total cholesterol levels in the study subjects. Age showed inverse significant correlation with hs-CRP levels in type 2 D.M and no correlation among obese. In conclusion: The higher levels of hs-CRP with higher levels of total cholesterol may be a predictive factor for developing of CVD in Sudanese with type 2 D.M as well as in obese.
CASE REPORT | April 30, 2019
Ischemic Colitis Due To Intestinal Neoplasia; an Unappreciated Pathologic Entity- A Case Report of Two Cases with Unusual Morphologic Features
Dr. Niranjana Kesavamoorthy, Dr. Sathiyabama, Dr. Radhakrishnan
Page no 315-318 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.4.5
Ischemic colitis goes unrecognized as a complication in intestinal neoplastic disorders because of their unique
morphological features which vary depending upon haemodynamic status. The two cases presented here show even
though ischemic pathogenesis is the underlying factor responsible for this condition; morphologically they are
heterogenous and they are described in detail.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
The Role of PPAR Gamma in the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes
Manish Malhotra, Sanjay Bhatt
Page no 114-118 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i04.002
PPAR-γ plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis and is a molecular target of insulin sensitizing drugs called thiazolidinediones which are PPAR-γ ligands. PPAR-γ ligands also upregulate expression of adipocyte glycerol kinase, resulting into improved insulin action in target tissue such as liver and muscle. PPAR-γ ligand also shown to augment glucose disposal in peripheral tissues by increasing expressions of the glucose transporter genes, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4. Majority of the Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM type 2) patients (80%) are obese, but all obese persons do not develop DM type 2. Serum adiponectin level should be determined by level of PPAR-γ activity in adipocytes. Therefore it will be of interest to explore the difference in the level of serum PPAR-γ level between obese subjects with DM-2 and without DM-2, as both the insulin sensitizing factor’s adiponectin, and vistafin are synthesized in response to FFA. PPAR-γ complex receptor activity. Estimation of serum PPAR- γ level alongwith FBG was done in 90 cases, of which 30 were normal healthy subjects, 30 obese without diabetes type 2 and 30 obese with diabetes type 2. The qualitative estimation of PPAR-γ in human serum was done by ELISA method using ELISA kit from E lab science Biotechnology Co.Ltd. In our study we found a significant change in the level of PPAR- γ between the obese with DM-2 and control subject and also between obese without DM-2 and control subject but we did not find any significant difference between obese with DM-2 and obese without DM-2. In our present study we found the Increased Levels of PPAR- γ in the Obese without Diabetes Mellitus and Obese with Diabetes Mellitus. The levels were 8.03ng/ml ±11.16 and 8.04ng/ml±10.94 respectively. Finally, we observed that the level of PPAR- γ is increased with both the groups, i.e. obese without DM-2 and obese with DM-2 in comparison to normal subjects.
CASE REPORT | April 30, 2019
Bacteriological Profile of Burn Wound Infections - A Cross Sectional Study
Dr. Sajitha K
Page no 328-331 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.4.9
Burns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma. Patients with serious thermal injury require
immediate specialized care in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Data from the National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control in the United States show that approximately 2 million fires are reported each year which
result in 1.2 million people with burn injuries. The present study, “Bacteriological profile of burn wound
infections” was carried out in Department of Microbiology, in a tertiary care hospital, over a period of one year
from Jan 2016 – Dec 2016. A total of 50 patients of all age groups and both sexes admitted in our Burn Care Unit
were selected for this study. In the present study, Majority of patients were in the age group 31-40years. Out of 50
patients studied, 28 patients were male and 22 patients were females. A total of 128 organisms were isolated and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44 cases) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (37 cases)
and coagulase negative staphylococci (29 cases). The other isolates included Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia
coli, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii and Enterococcus species. Modern infection control practice has been
effective in reducing or eliminating endemic pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant organisms, preventing the
establishment of newly introduced pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant organisms as the predominant nosocomial
flora of the burn unit, and preventing reseeding of such strains back into the burn unit from patients housed in the
adjacent convalescent ward.
REVIEW ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
The Law in Cameroon and the Vexing Problems of Ground Water Pollution
Fonja Julius Achu
Page no Sch Int J Law Crime Justice, 2019; 2(4):96-109 |
10.21276/sijlcj.2019.2.4.6
In Cameroon, due to the weaknesses of institutions and inadequate laws, many agro industrial plantations which are in most parts of the country extensively apply fertilizers, pesticides and discharge their untreated waste into nature. These attitudes are consistent for industries, hospitals and individuals. Consequently chemicals are found in ground water. Artisan mining of gold in the South eastern and Eastern parts of Cameroon release substantial quantities of arsenic in to ground water. All these leads to ground water pollution .The ramification of this pollution of ground water is water borne diseases (such as typhoid, cholera and amoebic dysentery which are recurrent in most of the urban cities in Cameroon). This paper investigates why the laws regulating ground water are not enforced and the lacunae of these laws. The paper does so through a reading of records mainly from documentary and internet search. The data thus collected constitutes the sources from which the law is drawn, stated and analyzed in the light of the stated aim of the paper. The results inter alia show that the law that regulate ground water pollution are not well enforced. The said results also highlight the limitation of the available laws regulating ground water pollution in Cameroon. The results are significant as they expose gaps in the current laws regulating ground water pollution and conclude with suggestions on where the law should go.
REVIEW ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
The Effect of Direct Compensation, Indirect Compensation, and Employee Status on Employee Performance at PT. XYZ
Hermansyah, M. Havidz Aima, Istianingsih
Page no 167-180 |
10.21276/sjef.2019.3.4.3
This study aims to analyze several decesive determinants such as; direct compensation, indirect compensation, and
employee status toward employee performance at PT. XYZ engaged in telecommunications infrastructure. The
population of this study is all the employees in the business unit of PT. XYZ who are 56 employees, due to the total
population is not greater than 100 respondents, the research sample is 100% of the population in the business unit of PT.
XYZ. Data collection techniques used in this study was using questionnaire instruments which distributed to respondents
in the business unit of PT. XYZ was held in November 2017 until March 2018. The data analysis technique used multiple
regression analysis by using SPSS 24.0 to test the hypotheses, classic assumption test, reliability, instruments validity or
measuring instruments which used. The finding in this study indicates that direct compensation, indirect compensation,
and employee status have a significant and partial effect toward employee performance of PT. XYZ. This research
certainly also has a number of managerial implications which are the practitioners must pay more attention to employee
performance appraisal programs, providing compensation related to mandatory allowance, non-compulsory allowance,
and program benefit which also defining a career path that is evident for the contract employees must be translated in
employee career planning, so that all the employee are motivated to achieve their career goals in accordance with the
target and the implementation of compensation online dashboard which must be performed by PT. XYZ, so that
employees can access their right and obligation transparently or openly
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
Study of Hospital Infection Control Practices in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Liggy Andrews, Bhavisha Vegada, Hiteshbharthi Anandbharthi Gosai
Page no 135-140 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i04.005
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) are a major setback for any organization. The most important mechanism of spread of these HCAI is via the contaminated hands of the healthcare givers that is doctors, nurses, other staff or relatives/friends of the patients. Contaminated environmental surfaces are another important reservoir for the spread of these infections. However, they are often under recognized. HCA is one of the most important public health problems in most countries of the world. In any healthcare setup basic infection control, measures can reduce the rates of healthcare-associated infections, which help to reduce the length of stay, nosocomial infection and cost. It is important to implement the quality system which can be executed and monitored by using compliance measures in the routine process of the hospital in order to improve the standard of patient health care. The quality of hospital infection control program is a reflection of the overall standard care provided by the institution. The current study is aimed to help in assessing the pre-existing knowledge regarding infection control practices among doctors and nurses. In our study, both doctors and nurses had a fair knowledge about the spread of nosocomial infections, practised safe patient-care protocols, and had positive attitudes. Still, some gaps have been identified in their knowledge and practice of infection control. It is suggested that an effective training sessions should be organized at the time of hire and in-service periodically which might help to decrease the healthcare associated infections.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
Comparative Study of Bronchial Wash, Bronchial Brush Cytology and Bronchial Biopsy in Patients with Lung Malignancy
Dr. K. Mrudula, Dr. M. Anantha Satya Narayana, Dr. K. Rama Murthy, Dr. T. Asha
Page no 332-337 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.4.10
Early diagnosis of lung cancer plays a pivotal role in reducing death rate due to lung cancer. Bronchial washing, brushing
and fine needle aspirations not only compliment tissue biopsies in diagnosis of lung cancer but also comparable. We aim
to assess the diagnostic utility of bronchial wash and brush cytology and bronchial biopsy in diagnosing various
pulmonary lesions and to compare the bronchial wash and brush cytology with bronchial biopsy in patients with lung
cancer. All the patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy at Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences,
Eluru during the period of August 2016 to June 2018 for suspected lung lesions on chest radiograph/ CT scan and came
to cytology division of pathology department for bronchial wash & brush cytology were included in the study along with
biopsy in available cases. Total 60 cases of bronchoscopically visible abnormal lesions underwent bronchial wash and/or
brush cytology and/or bronchial biopsy. Of them, only 11.8% of cases of lung malignancy was detected by bronchial
wash where as 28.9% of cases of lung malignancies were detected by bronchial brush and 58.8% of cases by bronchial
biopsy. We conclude that endobronchial biopsies along with bronchial brush give better cellularity and yield when
compared to bronchial wash. The probability of finding the histological subtypes is higher in Endobronchial biopsy when
compared with brush and wash samples.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
Build Customer Satisfaction with Product Quality and After Sales Service (Study at Car Dealer Mazda Serpong, Tangerang, Indonesia)
Hapzi Ali, Desy Dharmawati
Page no 319-329 |
10.36348/sjbms.2019.v04i04.005
Nowadays the automotive industry in Indonesia is becoming increasingly competitive, causing an intense competition among the ATPM (Single Agent of Brand Holders), as well as competition between existing automotive manufacturers (sole agent) and newcomers. In the midst of the current business industry and its competitive environment, various strategies were implemented by the company in order to maintain its customers, and to win the competition by increasing its market share. Customer satisfaction has become one of important focus for many companies. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of product quality and after-sales service on customer satisfaction at an authorized Mazda Serpong Dealer, Tangerang. The sample used in this study were 200 respondents from customers at Mazda Dealer Serpong, Tangerang. Sample size determination using Hair’s formula. Hypotheses of the study analized by using multiple linear regression performed with SPSS 2.4. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The results showed that the quality of the product significant and positive affect on customer satisfaction. And after-sales service is also significant and positive affect to customer satisfaction. Other results shows that the quality of products and after-sales service of significant and positive affects on customer satisfaction simultaneously
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | April 30, 2019
Bacterial Contaminants Associated with Female Handbags and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile
Garba L, Barambu H, Adamu M. T, Yarma A. A, Aisami A
Page no 338-342 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.4.11
Fomite is an inanimate object or substance that could serve as a vehicle for transmission of infectious organisms amongst
individuals. A large number of factors may affect the contamination rate of fomite such as moisture, consistent use and
overall cleanliness. Fomites that are found in public places, restaurants, hotels, hospitals and restrooms may include
among others handbags, mobile phones, money, door handles or knobs of showers, conveniences, faucets and toilet seats,
chairs, lockers, sink and tables. Ladies handbags are multipurpose personal gadgets which may usually habour several
kinds of microorganisms such as bacteria. The presence of viable pathogenic bacteria on inanimate entities had been
reported by earlier investigators. In this study, a total of one hundred (100) handbags from female undergraduate
Microbiology students of Gombe State University (GSU), were investigated for bacterial contaminants and their
resistance or otherwise to some commercial antibiotics using standard Microbiology procedures. The results obtained
revealed the presence of six (6) different bacterial species, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus
mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed
that all the six (6) bacteria were sensitive to Pefloxacin while five isolates (S. aureus, E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae
and Bacillus subtilis) , two isolates (B. subtilis and P. mirabilis) and another two isolates (K. pneumoniae and E. coli)
were sensitive to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and streptomycin, respectively. In conclusion, high level of bacterial
contaminants were observed from the studied handbags and found some of the contaminants resistant to the tested
antibiotics hence, appropriate use of effective disinfectants is highly encouraged to reduce the magnitude of bacterial
contaminants and likelihood of transmitting drug recalcitrant organisms.