Background: Both theoretical and empirical evidences on chronic illness suggest negative consequences of caregiving on the psychological wellbeing and Quality of Life (QOL) of the caregivers. However, the fact remain that there is a paucity of empirical researches on the quality of life of caregivers of people with chronic mental illness. Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to assess the Emotional Quality of Life among caregivers of person with chronic mental illness across gender. Setting: Psychiatric Hospitals and clinics Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Participants: The sample comprised of 100 primary caregivers of person (50 were male caregivers and 50 were Female caregivers) with diagnosed chronic mental illness of Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorder, Personality disorder, Depression and Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Those willing to participate in the study were interviewed to assess their Emotional quality of life. Results: The female caregivers painfully construe caregiving as sadness and also attribute caregiving to be the source of their sadness in life. Somewhere there is a fatalist attitude adding greater pain in their life and they cope with pain and sadness largely by crying. On the other hand, male caregivers have reported painful and conflictual relationship with the patient as the perceived meaning of sadness and pain both. However, they cope up with the same by moving away and sharing with people. Globally the self-image of the caregivers is negative more specifically after the caregiving. The narratives of the caregiver are subsumed in a model. Conclusions: The findings of the study serve as the roadmap for furthering researches into emotional wellbeing of the caregivers of the person with chronic mental illness. Largely the attention is more towards creating intervention for the patients suffering from mental illness. Such studies would serve as the base for creating and improved emotional Quality of life for the caregivers.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated “COVID- 19”) is a highly contagious respiratory disease. It was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and since then it has spread across the globe and leads to many mortality and morbidity [1]. Therefore strict lockdown and many unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the COVID-19 across the world. The effectiveness of these measures is highly dependent on cooperation of all members of society. People’s adherence to preventive measures is markedly affected by their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Health care professional should have correct knowledge and fair attitude towards COVID-19, since they are the most influential community in health matters. In this study, KAP towards COVID-19 among the B.Sc. nursing students of Saudi Arabia was assessed. An online KAP questionnaire was answered by the participants. The questionnaire consisted of 15 knowledge, 10 attitude and 5 practice based questions. The average knowledge score for participants was 10.8. The overall correct answer rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 72%. About 64% of participants were obtained scores above 10. The majority of the respondents 72.6% were hopeful that world people will get rid of COVID-19 very soon, 79% believe that hand hygiene and wearing a mask can help to prevent getting the infection, 90.3% agree that practicing quarantine by staying at home and avoiding crowded places can help prevent getting infection, 75.8% conscious about the guideline given by WHO, 88.7% agree that it is necessary to rub hands with soap or alcohol for at least 20 seconds, 96.8% agree that it is essential to maintain at least 1 meter physical distance to prevent getting infection, 71% believe that humanity, fraternity and empathy to one another help us fight against COVID-19, 74.2%believe that focusing on improving immune power is a good option to prevent getting infection, 38.7%think that COVID-19 will remain in the world forever, 48.4% believe that people those are already recover from the disease also cannot transmit infection to others, 77.4% wash their hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 to 40 seconds, 91.9% follow social distancing to avoid contact of infected persons, 83.9% avoid going crowded places these days, 75.8% practicing good respiratory hygiene and avoiding touching the eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands and 87.1% wore masks when going out in recent days. There was no significant difference found between the knowledgeable score of males and females about COVID-19. They hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices towards COVID-19.

Inflammatory myofibroblast tumors (IMT) formerly known as inflammatory pseudotumours was first described in 1905 by Birch-Hirschfield and is characterized by myofibroblastic proliferation associated with lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasmocytes and macrophages that form part of a stroma rich in collagen fibres. Several hypotheses such as autoimmune, infectious and tumour origin have often been discussed, although etiopathogeny is not yet fully understood. The cervico-facial location is extremely rare, less than 3%, and precisely the maxillary has been reported only twenty times in the literature .The treatment is based primarily on the most carcinogenic surgical resection possible when the tumor is accessible. We report the observation of a patient followed in our unit for a pseudoinflammatory maxillary localization tumor. The authors would like to share their approach and discuss the clinical, paraclinic and therapeutic aspects of this rare entity never seen before in our experience.

Aim: The need for the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude as well as perception of clinical implications of behavioral management techniques (BMT) in undergraduate students. Methodology: Our research enrolled 280 final year BDS students into the questionnaire survey. The survey consisted of 15 objective questions which were emailed to the survey participants. The questions were regarding the teaching of various behavior management techniques in the various institutes, and the attitude of the participants as to which method they are most likely to use according to the age group. Results: Our study showed that final year students had limited access to manage pediatric patients. Participants reported that one of the most common problems they faced in pediatric patients was to overcome their anxiety and fear of needles in the dental setup (75.3%). Most common form of BMT which was observed by the UG students was ‘Tell Show Do’ technique (67.3%), which made the pediatric patients familiar with dental set up. Conclusion: We observed that final year students need more exposure and better experience to handle pediatric patients with use of various behaviour management techniques, which will also help to build their confidence in accomplishing their professional goals later on.

Magneto - Electric Machine, a device based on the principle of electromagnetic radiation in water is used to separate the bonds of compounds in water. Since magnetic treatment has a variety of selective influences on different substances and processes, its application has wide potentials in the practice. This paper presents a research result on the influence of the magnetic field on the water's Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Potential of Hydrogen (PH). Then, the experimental results are conducted to show that the fluctuation of the magnetic field affects the concentration of PH and TDS in water.

Education today is becoming completely associated with the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the content delivery, communication and collaboration. Cloud computing simply involves the provision of information technology (IT) solutions as a service rather than as a product through the Internet. Sudan just like any other developing countries is yet to fully adopt cloud based systems according to trust and security challenges. The motive of this paper is to identify the extent and characteristics of Cloud Computing adoption in Sudanese universities and higher education institutions. The study assessed Cloud Computing uses in terms of actual use of cloud services and applications, ability of transition from conventional systems to cloud computing technology, and efficiency of the technical staff of IT to deal with modern technologies. The adoption of the Cloud Computing services in higher education in Sudan was relatively low. The results showed that here is a significant relationship between the adoption of Cloud Computing in Sudan and the four independent variables; (Basic knowledge of cloud computing services and applications, the actual use of cloud computing technology, ability of transition from conventional systems to Cloud Computing Technology and skills of IT human resources) at level of significance α= 0.05.

The dentist in the course of everyday practice is frequently called upon to treat a variety of infections which may be caused by viruses, bacteria, and sometimes fungi. The ability to treat these infections successfully has been totally revolutionizes since the discovery and subsequent clinical application of certain chemical substances which are produced by the microorganisms and has the ability to suppress or actually kill other microorganisms, these chemical substances are known as antibiotics. Approximately 10% of all antibiotic prescriptions are linked with dental infections and there’s a widespread abuse of antibiotics in medical and dental field. The inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to increased treatment costs, increased risk of adverse events associated to the antibiotic used and most significantly development and propagation of antimicrobial resistance. The definitive indications to be used of antibiotics in dentistry are limited and specific. The purpose of this review article is to discuss about the legitimate use of antibiotics in dental practice for control of oral infection, antibiotic prophylaxis in case of systemic conditions and the overuse and misuse of antibiotics.

This study seeks to find out and analyze in more depth the effect of financial capital, human capital, and natural resource capital on economic growth and its impact on the welfare of society in the Batam City Riau Islands Province industrial area. The population in this study is the people who live in the industrial areas of the islands of Batam. Testing of the model in this study, with Generalized Least Square Estimation (GLS), structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, proportional random sampling method and Amos 24 software assistance, on 240 respondents from 10 times (19 indicators + 5 variables). The test results show that the model (fit) can be seen from the values of GFI, AGFI, TLI, CFI, RMSEA and CMIN / DF, each of which is 0.915, 0.901, 0.949, 0.953, 0.063 and 1.376 all within the range of expected values so that the model can be accepted. The results showed that: 1). Financial capital has a significant effect on economic growth. 2). Financial capital has no significant effect on people's welfare. 3). Human capital has a significant effect on economic growth. 4). Human capital has a significant effect on people's welfare. 5). Natural resource capital has a significant effect on economic growth. 6). Natural resource capital has a significant effect on people's welfare. 7). Economic growth has a significant effect on community welfare in the Riau Islands Industrial Area.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy as well as pain perception status in patients, who have been administrated Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) for third molar extraction by both closed mouth as well as open mouth techniques. Methodology: 90 patients were enrolled in the present study. The patients were given inferior alveolar nerve block to extract mandibular third molar by three different techniques. They were divided in 3 groups of 30 patients each in which conventional open mouth, Fischer 123 technique, closed mouth Vazirani Akinosi technique were assigned with Group I, II, III respectively. Pain Perception (VAS), Speed of anaesthesia, Patient anxiety and Clinician expertise were measured. Results: The results show that intra-oral conventional technique is less technique sensitive as compared to Vazirani-Akinosi and Fischer’s 123 techniques. Former is still the best in terms of less expertise required as well as pain perception by the patient. Conclusion: Conventional open mouth technique is still the most popular choice amongst clinicians and the pain sensitivity is also negligible amongst the patients with this classic intra-oral technique. Indirect as well as closed mouth technique requires more skilled expertise but can be used in cases with limited mouth opening.

The global financial crisis of 2008 has exposed numerous shortcomings in the traditional safeguards for financial stability in terms of different economic policies adopted so far. A system level perspective focusing on systemic risks with suitable policies and instruments was the felt need to combat vulnerabilities at their origin before spreading. The present study has analyzed the various policy options, indicators of systemic vulnerabilities, choice of tools and instruments for the regulatory and supervisory bodies for a granular approach in different settings. Macroprudential policy and its tools were found to be a suitable solution, either alone or in conjunction with other economic policies.

Wound healing is a process of tissue repair which involves tissue response to injury. It is a series of biological events begins as hemostasis but then involves an inflammatory responses, formation of connective tissue, covering the wound with epithelium as well as remodeling of the wound.

This study focuses on analyzing Ho Chi Minh’s thought on foreign affairs that is a problem very important in Ho Chi Minh’s thought. This study indicated that it was Ho Chi Minh’s flexible but sharp foreign policy that helped the state Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which was born after 1945 maintained its was independence and enlist the help of allied nations and peace-loving forces in the world. This study shows that this thought has great significance for Vietnam’s foreign policy today. That thought has become a valuable lesson for Vietnam when participating in international foreign affairs in the period of globalization of international economic integration.

Aim: This study was designed while aiming that this study explore the association between educational level and level of dental anxiety among patients in Pakistan. Method: The current study was based on descriptive cross-sectional research design. Data was collected from the patients of public sector dental hospital of Lahore. Data was collected from 160 patients who visited dental hospital at surveying time and participated in the study as volunteers. To explore the relationship of educational level with regards to dental anxiety among patients, Chi square was used. Results: The results of Chi-Square revealed that educational level and dental anxiety showed significant difference (X2=125.867, P> .001). Mild dental anxiety among patients with below matric education was higher (80%) followed by patients with education level of matriculation (70%), then came patients with Higher secondary school education (52%) and patients with graduation degree were 35%. With moderate to severe dental anxiety, patients with graduation degree were found to be higher (38%) and at lower level were the patients below matric education level (10%). Patients with dental phobia were found more in the category of graduated patients (27%) and least in patients below matric (10%). Conclusion: In conclusion, educational level was found to be significant with dental anxiety levels in the patients coming to the public dental hospitals in Pakistan. Factors behind these findings should be explored to fill the gap literature as patients with higher educational level have higher level of dental anxiety which is in opposite of previous literature.

This study focuses on analyzing the issue of the happiness of human in the “Principles of Philosophy of the Future” of Ludwig Feuerbach. This study shows that, the viewpoint of people in the history of philosophy has not yet accurately assessed the basis and origin of people, and has not granted them their basic rights such as being respected, appreciated. Inheriting the progressive views of French Materialism in the eighteenth century and the philosophy of French Enlightenment, Ludwig Feuerbach has made progressive views about the role and respect for people in the work Principles of Philosophy of the Future.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the oral health status as well as gender-wise difference related to periodontal diseases status among cancer survivors. Method: Data of this crossectional study was collected from 100 cancer survivors from two hospitals. Data was analyzed using chi-square. Results: The descriptive statistics revealed that 62% participants showed very poor oral health whereas 38% participants reported poor oral health. Greater chewing difficulties were reported by 70% of the participants and 30% participants reported normal problems in chewing. Problem in speaking was reported at higher level by 58% participants whereas 42% participants reported less difficulty in speaking. Gender wise difference related to periodontal diseases among cancer survivors revealed that more males were found healthy as compared to females, greater number of females had gum bleeding, calculus and 4-5mm tooth pocketing as compared to males and higher number of males had 6mm or greater tooth pocketing as compared to females. Conclusion: In conclusion, cancer survivors have poor oral health status as well as they suffer from periodontal diseases.