Background: Diabetic retinopathy) DR) is a major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults and is characterized by increased vascular permeability, tissue ischemia, and neo-vascularization. Neovascularization of the retina carries a high risk of blindness as a result of vitreous hemorrhage and fibrosis. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), originally known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a signal protein produced by cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels. Polymorphisms within the VEGF gene lead to differences in VEGF expression between individuals and could influence the etiology of a variety of pathologic conditions with which VEGF has been associated. The aim of this study is to investigate +405G/C polymorphism of VEGF gene in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate its relationship with the development and improvment of diabetic retinopathy. Materials and Methods: A total of 189individuals subjects divided to 3 groups (diabetics with DR, diabetics without DR and health individuals) were observed to determine the relationship between DR and +405 G/C VEGF gene polymorphism. Results: This study revealed that patients with GC genotypes are about 57.6 % at risk (95% CI 1.022-2.431) to develop DR, while the risk is about 40% (95% CI 0.404-0.893) in DM patients without DR than those without GC genotype. Conclusion: These results indicated that +405 VEGF G/C polymorphism could be used in the evaluation, development, and progression of DR.

This research aims to evaluate the portfolio performance which recommended by PT. Samuel Sekuritas Indonesia in January-December 2020 with Jensen Index by testing whether alpha (α) gained from the result of regression on excess return portofolio Samuel toward excess return market does not equal zero significantly. The research result showed that alpha (α) significantly does not equal zero.

Background: In human birth defects, NTDs account for 0.5-2 per 1000 pregnancies worldwide. It occurs due to abnormalities in neural tube formation. Zinc required for the absorption and synthesis of biologically active folate moiety. Its deficiency creates a lack of folate in metabolic activity. Lead competes with zinc and slowly decreases zinc stores in the body. It causes morphological changes and gives an incomplete blood-brain barrier to the developing nervous system. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the associations between maternal serum lead concentration and fetal NTDs. Materials and Methods: It was a case-control study conducted in Feto- Maternal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2016 to June 2016. Ethical clearance was taken. A total of 60 pregnant women were selected as the study population. 30 with USG detected fetal NTDs case and 30 with normal fetus. In both groups folic acid level was normal. Maternal serum was taken for measuring lead by Graphite furnace automatic absorption spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed by SPPS version 17. Results: The raised value of serum lead was found in 6.67% of patient with fetal NTD. Relationship between NTD and raised value of lead were found significant. Conclusion: From this study, we concluded, raised serum lead level is one of the associated factors for fetal neural tube defects.

The federal system of India has been guaranteed under the Indian Constitution to ensure independent functioning of state legislatures by their elected members, but unfortunately a frequent trend of defection have been witnessed. The anti-defection law was introduced to prevent such political defections by inserting tenth schedule in the Constitution of India in 1985. Still, several loopholes in law have permitted defections on several occasions and so many cases have been adjudicated by many High Courts and Supreme Court in this regard. Unfortunately, there are enough evidences of justice delivered in a flip-flop manner. Serious anomalies in decisions given by speakers and governors, in judgements delivered by respective High Courts and even the Supreme Court of India have failed to protect the aim and objective of Constitution of India as well as basic rights of citizens of India. In this article we have tried to critically address today’s scenario of political defections and role played by the judicial system.

Different nations and different environments have led to huge differences between cultures, forming different forms of cultural models. In the process of English-Chinese translation, in order to ensure the accuracy and correspondence of translation, translators tend to follow Nida's functional equivalence theory. This theory advocates formal equivalence and emphasizes dynamic equivalence. In practical translation application, functional equivalence theory is of guiding significance to English-Chinese translation. In terms of language, the same meaning is expressed differently in different cultures.“地”has different semantic meanings in English and Chinese. This article will discuss the different semantic meanings of the differences and similarities between Chinese and English by comparing the difference between “地” in Chinese and English idioms and poems. The differences in the characteristics of Chinese and English languages mainly come from the following factors: the influence of geographical environment and lifestyle, the restriction of religious belief, and the differences in thinking modes.

A People’s culture is embedded in its language. This is the case of the Ejagham community and its language, an Ekoid Bantu language of the Benue Congo family spoken in the Manyu Division of the South West Region of Cameroon and in the Cross River state of Nigeria [1]. Culture observes some restricted domains which are not talked about freely, generally known as taboos. The Ejagham speakers, in order to communicate, substitute these areas of restriction with the use of less offensive expressions known as euphemisms; thereby avoiding the occurrence of taboos. This article highlights some taboo related areas in the Ejagham culture, and shows the euphemistic idioms used by Ejagham speakers to talk about certain restricted areas (death, marriage, sex) during verbal interactions. Social cohesion is therefore guaranteed as face saving strategies are used.

Background: Postmenopausal bleeding is generally regarded as an ominous and serious alarm of genital pathologies; represents 5% of all gynecological visits. To develop the treatment procedure of postmenopausal bleeding and to increase the success rate of such treatment, knowledge on the histopathological pattern of endometrium in menopausal women with postmenopausal bleeding is very essential. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate various causes of postmenopausal bleeding based on histopathology, and the percentage of various benign, premalignant and malignant endometrial and cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study which was conducted at OPD, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Popular Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. In total 45 menopausal women diagnosed as patients among them 31 patients with postmenopausal bleeding were selected as the study population. Ethical clearance had been taken from the ethical committee of the medical college. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20 as per need. Result: In this study according to the diagnosis report, we found the highest number of participants were with an endometrial polyp and/or chronic cervicitis which was 22.56% separately. No malignancy was seen among 19.35%, Besides these, squamous metaplasia was 19.35%, endometrial adenocarcinoma 9.68%, endometrial hyperplasia with atypia 6.45%, endometrial hyperplasia without atypia 6.45%, papillary adenocarcinoma 3.23% and finally smile cystic change of endometrium 3.23%. Conclusion: Endometrial polyp, no malignancy, endometrial adenocarcinoma, and chronic cervicitis are the most potential endometrial characteristics of menopausal women with postmenopausal bleeding. On the other hand, abdominal pain is the most potential associated symptom of patients with postmenopausal bleeding.

Aims: To compare the decision to treat between the practitioner and Star and Star II calculator for ocular hypertension patients. Study Design: A comparative cross sectional retrospective analytical study. Method: A retrospective analytical study, conducted at Glaucoma clinic of Dr. R M L hospital. All files of diagnosed cases of ocular hypertension were considered for the study. Information was gathered for each of the following 6 risk factors- Age, Sex, Intra-Ocular pressure, Vertical Cup-Disc ratio, Pattern Standard Deviation (PSD), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT). Results were compared with the clinical decision for treatment taken by glaucoma practitioners well versed with OHTS and EGPS guidelines for treatment of OHT and having more than ten years of experience in their field. Result: Records of a total of 1780 files registered in the glaucoma clinic of the hospital were screened. 202 files were cases of OHT. After applying the strict STAR II inclusion criteria only 32 patient files were selected for the study. These results were subjected to statistical analysis using Mcnemar test which revealed that there was no statistical difference between the two (p = 0.3018) at 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Our study found no statistically significant difference between the decision to treat by the two modalities i.e. STAR II (using 15% cut-off) and the clinician decision. STAR calculator can be of help in management of a case of OHT.

Many Adventist students at the University of Arusha cease to participate in church programs like evangelism, nurturing one another, being interested in prayer meetings and other worship programs as soon as they join university studies. It is like in their previous levels of study they were not participating in these programs or they start to neglect them when they reach this level. The research that was done from 2017 to 2018 showed that six Adventist students were identified as being involved in sexual immorality and three in drug abuse, one in abortion while five students were found involving themselves in drinking alcohol. More than seventy percent of Adventist students were not participating in the church mission activities at the University of Arusha. Mentorship as a discipleship relationship between the mentor and mentee for the purpose of holistic growth seems to be more practical both in the Old and New Testament. This works as the means to minimize the problem. This article is dedicated to find out the biblical principles which were used in the Old Testament and in the New Testament to enhance the commitment of the Adventist students to faith in God. These principles will be useful in the plan of improving the Adventist students’ commitment to faith at the University of Arusha. In the Old Testament, mentorship was used as the method to heighten and nurturing the believers to be committed to what they believed while the New Testament used the discipleship techniques to fulfill the same goals.

The work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Phragmanthera capitata (Loranthaceae) extracts harvested from 03 host plants (Psidium guajava, Cirus sinensis and Theobroma cacao) traditionally used in the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was determined using standard reference methods. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated by disk diffusion and liquid microdilution methods on 07 bacterial isolates. Qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, sterols, phenols and polyphenols in all extracts of P. capitata. The evaluation of the antibacterial activity showed that the extracts from the stems and haustoria of P. capitata collected from the three host plants are more active than the leaves for all the strains tested. This study shows that P. capitata despite its pernicious character could be a source of useful compounds for the fight against bacterial diseases.

Les infections respiratoires, virales ou bactériennes, représentent une des causes majeures de surconsommation d’antibiotiques. Les techniques de biologie moléculaire et notamment la PCR Multiplex en temps réel permettent une identification rapide et simultanée d’un large éventail de virus, sous types viraux ainsi que de certaines espèces bactériennes. Cette étude vise à étudier l’épidémiologie des agents pathogènes respiratoires en soulignant l’intérêt de la PCR multiplex dans le diagnostic rapide des infections respiratoires virales et bactériennes. Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective portant sur 27 prélèvements nasopharyngés reçus au laboratoire de bactériologie-virologie du CHU Hassan II de Fès durant une période de 8 mois allant de décembre 2018 jusqu’à juillet 2019. Les prélèvements ont été traités par la technique PCR multiplex type FilmArray panel respiratoire. Le sexe ratio H/F était de 1,7. La moyenne d’âge était de 15,4. Les services demandeurs étaient respectivement : pédiatrie (63%), réanimation (22%) et urgences adultes (15%).Le panel a détecté 16 cas positif, soit un taux de positivité global de 59%. Les virus isolés étaient comme suit : le humain rhinovirus /entérovirus(8), parainfluenza B (7), influenza A (4), adénovirus (3) et enfin coronavirus(1) et virus respiratoire synticial(1). L’utilisation de PCR multiplex type FilmArray panel respiratoire permet d’améliorer le diagnostic étiologique .elle permet aussi une meilleure maitrise du risque infectieux en identifiant les patients sujets à un isolement et en démarrant précocement un traitement antiviral adéquat réduisant de la sorte les prescriptions inappropriées d’antibiothérapie. La rapidité de rendu des résultats offre au clinicien une décision d’hospitalisation mieux documentée et au patient une durée de séjour plus faible. En dépit des vertus de cette technique, un problème d’accessibilité rencontre les cliniciens vu son cout élevé.

Irregularities are mainly categorized under the plan and vertical irregularity in IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 along with precautions for design and analysis in case of occurrence of irregularities. In this paper, an effort is done to identify irregularities present in existing commercial cum residential building satisfying provisions of Indian Standard code, and the complications on the adaption of mitigating measures. It is concluded that re-entrant corner irregularity is rampant in residential apartments and a soft storey is likely with open parking floors and building with variation in storey heights. Also, the three-dimensional vertical analysis method is ambiguous to adopt and the use of equivalent diagonal strut is ineffective with current clauses. Furthermore, additional clarification of weak storey is requisite.

Introduction: The Neonatal sepsis defines as blood infection that will occurs in newborn at the first four weeks from birth. Gold standard method is for diagnose of neonatal sepsis that is blood culture but that is time consuming, requires well equipped laboratory and trained laboratory personnel. The study is planned for evaluation of CRP role in the blood as most early marker in neonatal sepsis & find the correlation with blood culture. Materials And Method: The study was done in microbiology laboratory at Sir-T Hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat from may, 2020 to October , 2020 to understand the Correlation of C-Reactive Protein and Blood Culture in Neonatal Sepsis. After filling the form of patient’s details in pre-designed proforma the 1-2 ml of blood collected aseptically and its was inoculated into blood culture bottle containing 5 ml of Brain Heart Infusion Broth. CRP level was done by Latex Agglutination Card test. Results: Out of total 481 samples 129 were males and 352 were females. Out of the total 481 samples, 58 were blood culture positive from which 58 were positive for CRP also. Among the blood culture negative samples, 55 were CRP positive. Conclusion: There is Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis within the aid of biomarkers like C-Reactive Protein may be serve as an important tool in the reducing mortality & morbidity among the neonates.

India has been growing (Making future of the nation) in terms of the schools. Madarsas is also a type of school. If the environment of Madarsas is better and favourable for students, certainly the student of that school will also develop. Madarsas’ educational environment might have some important effect on students’ education and vocational success. The main objective of the present research is to know the relation of educational environment of Madarsas and their Students’ Satisfaction in Kanpur City. For this, 400 students are selected from Kanpur – Aided and Private Madarsas by random sampling method. The result found that the educational environment of Madarsas in Kanpur City has a meaningful relationship with the satisfaction of their students.

Spotted fever group Rickettsiae are predominantly transmitted by ticks. Rickettsiae have developed many strategies to adapt to different environmental conditions, including those within their arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. The tick-Rickettsiae relationship has been a point of interest for many researchers, with most studies concentrating on the role of ticks as vectors. Unfortunately, less attention has been directed towards the relationship of Rickettsiae with tick cells, tissues, and organs. This work was carried out to identify and prepare smear from salivary gland of ticks. Ticks were collected from June to September, 2018 in vegetation around residences (n= 30) of people who have been in hospital as a result of symptoms related to spotted fever. Some samples were collected from patients who diagnosed with symptoms related to spotted fever in El-Beida City. Ticks were sorted by species and life stage into pools for analyses for pathogens. Smear of salivary gland for male and female of thick were stained with gram negative bacteria and examined under microscope. Results from stains were positive for the presence of bacteria in female sample and negative for male sample.