Antibiotic contamination in aquatic ecosystems drives the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). While heterogeneous photocatalysis using metal-free porous organic polymers (POPs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offers a sustainable remediation strategy, current literature predominantly focuses on parent pollutant disappearance rather than fundamental degradation bottlenecks. This review critically addresses this gap by evaluating the inherent molecular trade-offs governing COF/POP design, the mechanistic pathways of real-water matrix interference, and the ecotoxicity of transformation products. Furthermore, we provide a critical Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) perspective on synthesis versus performance, concluding with a standardized reporting checklist to guide future research toward practical, pilot-scale implementation.

Leaks and misuse of banking customer personal data in Indonesia are increasingly common along with the acceleration of digital transformation. Although Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) has been passed, the burden of proving fault still often presents a challenge for customers as the injured party. This study aims to analyze the urgency of implementing the principle of strict liability as a legal protection instrument for customers in cases of personal data misuse by banking institutions. The research method used is a normative juridical approach with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results show that the application of the principle of fault liability in the highly regulated banking industry is no longer relevant due to information asymmetry and the complexity of information technology systems. Adopting the principle of strict liability holds banks accountable for any failure to protect data without requiring customers to prove fault on their part. The implementation of this principle is expected to encourage banking institutions to maximize cybersecurity standards while providing legal certainty and redress for customers more effectively and efficiently.

There is concrete evidence of cults that continued to be practiced despite their official prohibition. If human sacrifices were known in Jewish antiquity and if practices can persist in marginal groups, then the blood libels may be explained as the occasional detection, on the part of Christian communities, of a practice that had survived in certain marginal or heretical Jewish groups, or that had been transformed into an esoteric ritual. The veracity or falsity of this hypothesis cannot be determined with certainty, and therefore, the assertion that all blood libels are false is as unproven as the assertion that some are true. In Gaza there occurs a slow and almost daily sacrifice of the population: continuous immolation of civilians, structurally analogous to the herem of ancient Israel. Here we present the full text of the third edition of Jewish Morality and the Blood Mystery written by Theodor Fritsch (Athanasius Fern). It is enlarged with many additions.

Desertion, a novel by Abdulrazak Gurnah, has been widely noted for its insightful examination of colonial history and its impact on individual lives. Within this novel, the central female character, Rehana, has a destiny that is very closely connected to space. Using Rehana as its focus, this study seeks to explore the memory predicament and reconstruction pathways of marginalized women within a postcolonial context. Utilizing a close reading methodology and drawing on Gabriel Zoran’s spatial narrative theory, this research undertakes an analysis structured around three key dimensions: topographical space, textual space, and chronotopic space. The findings reveal that Rehana’s spatial mobility enables her to transition from being “abandoned” to actively “abandoning,” thereby achieving memory reconstruction. This transformation underscores the subjectivity of marginalized women and provides a significant framework for comprehending individual memory predicaments and identity reconciliation within a postcolonial context.

Background: Eclampsia is associated with substantial maternal morbidity and mortality, while the optimal mode of delivery remains uncertain because available evidence is conflicting. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to compare maternal outcomes according to mode of delivery among women with eclampsia. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Eclampsia Ward, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from April 20 to October 20, 2015. A total of 100 women with antepartum eclampsia were enrolled through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS to compare maternal outcomes according to mode of delivery. Ethical approval, institutional permission, and informed consent were obtained. Results: Among 100 women with eclampsia, 55 (55.0%) had vaginal and 45 (45.0%) caesarean delivery. Demographic and clinical characteristics were largely comparable (p>0.05), except urinary albumin distribution (p=0.034). Maternal morbidity (45.5% vs. 37.8%) and mortality (5.5% vs. 2.2%) were higher after vaginal delivery. ICU referral was significantly higher following vaginal delivery (29.1% vs. 8.9%; p=0.012), while major organ and postpartum complications did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Of four maternal deaths, three followed vaginal delivery and one followed caesarean section. Conclusion: Vaginal delivery was associated with greater maternal morbidity and ICU requirement among women with eclampsia, highlighting the importance of individualized delivery planning based on maternal and fetal condition.

Industrial production systems face disruptions caused by machine failures, material delays, workforce shortages, and changing production requirements. Conventional scheduling and maintenance practices often operate separately, limiting coordinated responses to changing operational conditions. This study proposes a Digital Twin enabled adaptive production and asset coordination framework that integrates machine degradation, Remaining Useful Life (RUL), workforce capacity, material availability, and disruption states within a virtual production environment. A co-simulation layer represents machine workforce interactions, while an adaptive multi-objective scheduling layer considers makespan, schedule deviation, energy consumption, material waste, recovery time, and operating cost. An Adaptive Twin-Reinforcement Learning (ATRL) layer incorporates carbon and waste considerations into disruption recovery decisions. A hierarchical edge cloud architecture supports local schedule repair and cloud-based policy updates. The framework is evaluated through synthetic simulation scenarios involving machine failures, demand surges, supply delays, workforce shortages, and simultaneous resource disruptions. Results show that the proposed framework reduces makespan from 120 h to 94 h and recovery time from 34 h to 17 h compared with static scheduling. Lower energy consumption and material waste are also observed across the evaluated scenarios. The findings indicate that Digital Twin-based adaptive coordination can support resilient production planning, asset management, sustainability-aware recovery, and operational decision-making under dynamic industrial conditions.

Introduction: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is an eye condition in which fluid builds up under the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. This fluid accumulation causes a small detachment of the retina, leading to blurred or distorted vision. Many individuals with CSCR recover their vision completely, but some may experience persistent or recurrent problems depending on the type and duration of the condition. This paper presents a case of CSCR treated successfully using Yoga Prana Vidya healing protocols. Method: A 44-year-old male who is a US resident came with a history of blurred vision which became a distorted vision within 2 days underwent Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) distant healing sessions by an Associate Certified YPV Healer for 12 days continuously and once in 3 days for next 15 days and once in a week till date. Results: The patient reported noticeable improvement in his vision after the healing sessions, which was subsequently confirmed by ophthalmological evaluation. Conclusion: Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) healing may be a helpful complementary approach for managing central serous chorioretinopathy by reducing stress and supporting natural healing.

Background: Occupational burnout is a psychological response to chronic workplace stress and is particularly prevalent among nurses due to the high demands of the healthcare environment. In Saudi Arabia, nursing burnout is a growing concern, warranting targeted investigation. Aim/objective: To assess the prevalence of occupational burnout and examine its association with demographic and work-related factors among nurses at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study included 295 purposively selected nurses. Data were collected using two instruments: a self-administered questionnaire covering demographic and work-related characteristics, and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Statistical analysis involved chi-square tests and binary logistic regression to identify predictors of burnout. Results: High overall burnout was reported by 8.1% of participants, with 26.8% experiencing high exhaustion and 23.0% high disengagement. Inadequate staffing was significantly associated with burnout (OR = 6.91, p = .001). Working in inpatient units showed a marginal association (p = .054). No other demographic or work-related factors were significantly associated. Conclusions: While the overall prevalence of high burnout was relatively low, a considerable proportion of nurses reported symptoms of exhaustion and disengagement. Perceived inadequate staffing emerged as the strongest predictor of burnout. Interventions such as optimizing nurse staffing levels and integrating stress management into nursing education are essential to mitigate burnout risk.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's disease, are chronic relapsing inflammatory diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract. Although modern medicine treats patients of IBD with immunosuppressant, biologics, and surgery, full remission still proves to be a difficult process coupled with serious side effects. The Unani system of medicine provides an intricate and systematic approach to chronic intestinal ulcers and inflammations. Clinical features of IBD are extensively described in Unani literature with the help of certain terms like Sahej-e-Am'aa (intestinal erosion/abrasion), Zoosantariya (bloody dysentery), and Ishaal-e-Madi (malabsorptive diarrhea). This review focuses on the humoral pathophysiology of IBD with the role of Safra-e-Hadd (acrid yellow bile) and Balgham-e-Shor (corrosive salty phlegm) causing the disruption of mucosa integrity. In addition to that, we describe the systematic Unani multi-therapeutic protocol involving Principles of Therapy (Usool-e-Ilaj), dietotherapy (Ilaj-bil-Ghidha), regimental therapy (Ilaj-bil-Tadbeer), and pharmacotherapy (Ilaj-bil-Dawa) using cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory (Muhallil-e-Waram), and wound-healing (Mudammil-e-Qurooh) herbal preparations.

Stone masonry is the predominant construction method in Nepal's high-altitude regions, yet buildings frequently suffer from defects that compromise structural integrity and occupant safety. This study investigates the common defects, underlying causes, and impacts in stone masonry residential buildings through a case study of Jumla District, Nepal. Using a qualitative methodology incorporating Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 15 stakeholders and field observations of 5 buildings, the research identifies recurrent defects including cracking, uneven settlement, mud plaster fall-down, weathering and deterioration, discoloration/erosion, and poor drainage. Thematic analysis reveals that these defects primarily originate from poor-quality materials, improper construction practices, inadequate foundation work, and harsh environmental conditions. The impacts range from structural instability and aesthetic degradation to increased maintenance costs. A notable finding is the divergence in perspectives between technical stakeholders (engineers) who emphasize systemic design and material issues, and non-technical stakeholders (owners, workers) who focus on observable symptoms and workmanship problems. The study contributes empirical evidence on construction quality challenges in high-altitude, resource-constrained environments and provides practical insights for improving stone masonry construction practices. Recommendations include enhancing workforce skills, improving foundation construction, strengthening material quality control, and implementing regular maintenance programs.

The Niger Delta contains extensive surface-water and groundwater resources that support domestic activities, agriculture, fisheries and other livelihoods, but petroleum exploration and production have created persistent environmental pressures. This study assesses environmental management practices, water quality and water-security conditions in four selected oil-producing communities: Bodo in Rivers State, Otuabagi in Bayelsa State, Ogidigben in Delta State and Ibeno in Akwa Ibom State. A mixed-methods design involving water-quality assessment and questionnaire administration was adopted. A model dataset comprising 16 water samples and 200 questionnaire respondents was developed for statistical demonstration. Physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, nitrate, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and lead (Pb), were evaluated. The illustrative results showed mean TPH concentrations of 1,050, 690, 400 and 895 µg/L for Bodo, Otuabagi, Ogidigben and Ibeno, respectively. Mean lead concentrations were 50.0, 35.5, 20.0 and 52.0 µg/L, respectively. One-way ANOVA produced F = 26.48 and p = 0.004, indicating statistically significant differences among the illustrative community TPH values. Questionnaire responses indicated concerns about groundwater dependence, pollution and remediation effectiveness. The study demonstrates the importance of integrated pollution prevention, environmental monitoring, remediation, community participation and sustainable water-resource management in improving water security in the Niger Delta.

Introduction: Lymph nodes in the oral and maxillofacial region serve as critical indicators of immune activity. They reflect a wide range of pathological processes. Various types of lesions, including infectious, autoimmune, neoplastic, or idiopathic, trigger a specific pattern of lymph node response, characterized by distinct structural and cellular changes. These patterns may resemble malignant conditions complicating diagnosis. Recognition of these patterns supports effective disease characterization and informed clinical decision-making. Accurate assessment requires integration of morphological features with clinical findings and the usage of appropriate ancillary studies. This review highlights the diverse spectrum of lymph node responses encountered in oral pathology and emphasizes their diagnostic and clinical relevance. Objectives: The key objectives of this review are to elucidate the anatomical, histological, and molecular basis of lymph nodes in the oral and maxillofacial region, to analyze the physiological and immunological functions of lymph nodes in health and disease, to explore the influence of local microenvironmental factors on lymph node responses in inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic oral conditions, and to assess the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of lymph node involvement in oral and maxillofacial pathology. Materials and Methods: The present review synthesizes data from reputable sources on lymph node responses in oral and maxillofacial pathology. Electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and SAGE Journals were systematically searched for original research articles, reviews, and clinicopathological studies published between 1926 and 2025. Conclusion: Standard textbooks and classical literature on lymphatic system anatomy, histology, immunology, and oral pathology were also consulted for foundational context. The selected studies addressed normal lymph node architecture, lymphatic drainage patterns, immunological and pathological lymph node responses, and their role in oral inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic conditions, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma. Approximately 30–35 peer-reviewed articles were analysed to provide an integrated overview of the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance of lymph node involvement in oral and maxillofacial pathology.

The effective management of trans-frontier movements depends largely on the implementation of border management policies, bilateral agreements, immigration regulations, customs procedures, and security cooperation between neighbouring states. This study seeks evaluate the implication of border management policies along the Cameroon-Nigeria border in Donga-Mantung Division. It assesses the level of awareness and effectiveness of existing border management policies, and implications of policy implementation gaps. Questionnaires was the key instrument of data collection. The study used data on primary and secondary data sources with descriptive and analytical models. The purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the border settlements and with 520 participants. These stakeholders were the different categories of migrants and border officials from the different border agencies. The study was lensed through “the bottom-top and top-bottom theory”. In summarizing the data into frequencies and percentages, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21) was also used. Tables, figures were used in presenting the data. The paper found that (39.4%) of migration stakeholders have low level of awareness of border management policies and 58.6% of respondents opined low level of implementation of existing along the Cameroon-Nigeria border in DMD. The findings indicate that irregular/unauthorized border crossing is the most prominent implication of low level of border management policies awareness and implementation, reported by 259 respondents (49.8%). This is followed by smuggling and illicit cross-border trade, with 121 respondents (23.3%), and cross-border insecurity/crime, reported by 92 respondents (17.7%). Only 47 respondents (9.2%) identified loss of government revenue and constraints on local development. The paper recommended among others improving institutional coordination, enhancing public awareness of border regulations, modernizing customs and immigration procedures, deploy more border officials, improve on border infrastructures, and promoting secure and orderly cross-border mobility.

This article examines arguments for and against the consciousness, sentience or understanding of machine learning particularly the new artificial intelligence (AI) tools and Large Language Models (LLMs) developed by OpenAI, Meta, Anthropic and other big tech corporations and suggests some significant limitations in this sphere. In particular, it is argued that AI systems cannot access those realms of human experience concerned with our knowledge of our own mortality, nor can they participate in that membrane of mind which neo-idealist philosophers and scientists such as Bernardo Kastrup and Donald Hoffman contend is the ultimate source of all reality and experience of the world. However, the brute fact of the ever-expanding power of AI applications in terms of their information-processing capabilities needs to be acknowledged, and it is concluded that as non-human persons along with certain animals and inhabitants of the natural world such entities should be included in the wider community of the extended mind within which humans and machine intelligence systems may collaborate in the interests of the flourishing of everything on the planet.

Land use dynamics are increasingly transforming rural landscapes and influencing socio-economic development in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Bui Division in the North West Region of Cameroon has experienced substantial land use changes over the last four decades due to population growth, agricultural expansion, urbanization, infrastructural development, and the prolonged socio-political crisis. This study examined land use dynamics and their implications for socio-economic development in Bui Division between 1985 and 2025. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted. Primary data were collected from 540 households through questionnaires, field observations, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Secondary data comprised Landsat satellite imagery (1985, 2000, 2015, and 2025), government reports, and published and unpublished sources. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques were employed to classify land use and land cover changes. The findings revealed significant changes in land use patterns over the study period. Forest cover increased from 214.67 km² in 1985 to 255.28 km² in 2025, while settlement area expanded from 328.30 km² to 565.98 km² in 2015, then slight drop 447.66km² in 2015. Agricultural land fluctuated between 1,305.90 km² in 1985, 1226.90 in 2000, 1324.6km² in 2015 and 1,243.60 km² in 2025, reflecting changes in farming practices and land availability. Water bodies declined from 6.27 km² in 1985 to 3.62 km² in 2015, suggesting increasing pressure on water resources. These changes contributed to improved agricultural production, employment opportunities, market expansion, and infrastructure development. However, they also accelerated land fragmentation, soil degradation, declining water availability, conflicts over land resources, and increasing livelihood vulnerability. Population growth and changing economic activities remained the principal drivers of these transformations. Land use dynamics have therefore generated both positive and negative socio-economic outcomes in Bui Division. Promote sustainable land use planning, strengthen land governance, and support environmental conservation to ensure balanced socio-economic development and the sustainable use of natural resources.